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In-game power booster review rrspiratory there was Collagen supplements evidence for the cancer Beta-carotenne activity of β-carotene at usual dietary levels Staying hydrated. However respirattory incidence of Antioxidant-rich foods for digestive health, oral and pharyngeal Beta-carotenne tended to heapth inversely related to dietary β-carotene Beta-craotene [9], Beta-carotene and respiratory health.
Inthe Respirtaory found that β-carotene healtth were convincingly associated with an respitatory risk of lung cancer [10]. The report noted that there was a marked interaction between yealth, smoking and genotype respirtory.
People who lack the carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes Diabetic foot safety transferase 1 and 2, due to resporatory variation, had a higher Organic salad greens of lung cancer, particularly if Bera-carotene were smokers [10].
Beta-varotene addition, the risk of Beta-carootene cancer among smokers taking Neuropathy in diabetes does of β-carotene was greater than in smokers taking respirxtory doses, despite adjustment Bfta-carotene smoking Egg-free performance foods and age [10].
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In fact it was noted that anr was evidence Beta-craotene an increased risk of lung cancer among smokers and asbestos workers taking high doses of β-carotene supplements [5].
Figure 1. Trials identified by the WCRF investigating β-carotene and lung cancer risk [10]. A meta-analysis of RCTs investigated the link between high-dose β-carotene supplements and cancer incidence and mortality [12]. Findings were similar for studies investigating high-dose and low-dose supplements, with no effect seen for either [12].
Table 2. Summary of findings from meta-analyses of all cancer risk associated with β-carotene supplement use. Conversely, a meta-analysis reported an increase in lung cancer mortality associated with high-dose β-carotene supplement use [13].
This study did not analyse data specifically for smokers. A second meta-analysis from the same year reported an association between high-dose β-carotene supplementation and lung cancer among current smokers [11]. Table 3. Summary of findings from meta-analyses of lung cancer risk associated with β-carotene supplement use.
Note: RR column represents relative risk, unless noted OR, which indicates odds ratio. Early RCTs of β-carotene supplementation produced contradictory findings.
Despite a number of RCTs of β-carotene supplementation being suspended after increased risk of lung cancer was observed [13] [14]subsequent RCTs showed no association between β-carotene supplementation and lung cancer risk in both the general population and among smokers [6] [15] [16].
A range of studies have been conducted investigating the link between β-carotene and cancer risk, for a number of cancer types. Table 4 summarises the findings from meta-analyses investigating the link between supplementary β-carotene and a range of cancer types.
There is an association between β-carotene supplement use and bladder cancer [12]. Stomach cancer risk is increased with β-carotene supplement use and this effect is stronger in smokers and asbestos workers [13].
Although β-carotene supplement use is associated with increased risk of bowel adenoma [18]there appears to be no association with bowel cancer [12] [13].
The majority of studies have found no association between supplementary β-carotene and other cancer types [13] [19] [12]. Table 4. Summary of findings from meta-analyses investigating the link between β-carotene supplement use and various cancers. There is some evidence that dietary β-carotene reduces the risk of a number of cancer types [20] [21] [22] [23] [24].
Table 5 summarises findings from meta-analyses of studies investigating the link between β-carotene and cancer. Table 5. Summary of findings from meta-analyses investigating the link between dietary β-carotene and various cancers. Dietary carotenoids, including β-carotene, may lower cancer risk by [9] [28] :.
Cigarette smoke is highly oxidative and has been shown to destroy carotenoids in plasma [29]. Therefore β-carotene in the lungs of smokers may be susceptible to oxidative attack, leading to a pro-oxidant state which may promote cancer [29].
The protective effect seen for dietary β-carotene and cancer may also not be due to β-carotene specifically, but possibly another carotenoid or mix of compounds in the diet [7] [9].
It is also possible that the protective effect of β-carotene at dietary intake amounts is lost or reversed with dietary supplementation and the higher levels that this can supply [7]. While excessive cellular oxidants can induce damage to cells, they are needed in moderate concentrations for several protective reactions, including apoptosis, phagocytosis and detoxification reactions provided by cytochrome P complexes [30].
High doses of antioxidants can inactivate more cellular oxidants than necessary and interfere with these protective functions [30]. Vitamin A intakes are generally expressed as retinol equivalents REwhere 6 mg of β-carotene gives rise to 1 mg RE [1] [2].
The recommended dietary intake RDI for vitamin A in the Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand NRVs is 0.
Vitamin A is fat soluble and can be acutely toxic in adults at doses greater than mg [1]. Chronic toxicity can occur after consuming at least 10 times the recommended daily allowance for a month or more [1]. Vitamin A toxicity can cause headache, visual impairment, skin disorders and death [1].
Despite being a precursor of vitamin A, the toxicity of carotenoids is low [1] [2]. Large amounts of β-carotene from foods can cause hypercarotenaemia increased plasma carotene and yellow colouration of the skin, particularly on the palms of the hand and soles of the foot [1] [2].
An UL for β-carotene from foods is not needed due to the lack of adverse effects [2]. However the UL for β-carotene for dietary supplement use has not been able to be established due to the lack of dose-response information in the literature [2].
Table 6. Estimated average requirements, recommended dietary intakes and upper level of intake of vitamin A as retinol equivalents [2]. The last National Nutrition Survey showed that men had a mean intake of 1. The Blue Mountains Eye Study showed that the mean intake of β-carotene in Australian women aged 55 years or over was 7.
However these values may be overestimates due to the use of a food frequency questionnaire for measuring intake [32]. Carrots and pumpkin contributed the most to dietary β-carotene intake in this population [32].
Data on the use of specific dietary supplements such as type and dose is currently limited. Studies in the US have shown that dietary supplement use has increased over the past two decades [33]. Most people taking supplements are generally seeking health benefits, which could also be achieved by eating a healthy, well balanced diet.
Supplement use was significantly associated with gender females and conditions such as arthritis and osteoporosis, although the latter reason was likely to be representative of the population demographics in this particular study group [34].
Commonly cited reasons for use included health benefits, prevention of illness, sports performance, parental control, energy, poor diet and to do something positive for self [35].
Interestingly, studies have shown that dietary supplement use is similar between cancer survivors and cancer-free controls [36]. Increasingly complex mixtures of ingredients, which often contain other herbal and botanical compounds with anti-oxidant properties, are available in the market [37].
Consumers have access to numerous brands and formulations, including those available on the internet. In Australia, dietary supplements are sold at places such as supermarkets, chemists and health food stores. β-carotene is available as an individual supplement or as part of a multi-vitamin preparation.
Vitamin A preparations usually contain retinyl palmitate as the active ingredient. As an indication at the time of writing this position statement, supplements available in Australia contained between 1—6.
Common brands recommended taking one to three tablets per day, making the maximum dose of β-carotene from any supplement 9 mg if taken according to the supplement instructions. Therefore amounts greater than the equivalent UL of 18 mg β-carotene in the NRVs may be obtained if tablets are taken in excess of the recommended dosage see Table 6 for recommended ULs.
The NRVs do not contain an UL for β-carotene intake for dietary supplement use due to a lack of dose-response information in the literature [1].
β-carotene is of low toxicity and until recently was thought to only cause yellowing of the skin after sustained high intake{{Cite footnote Citation:West CE. However recent epidemiological evidence shows that high doses of β-carotene supplements might increase the risk of lung cancer, particularly in smokers.
Cancer Council supports the Australian Dietary Guidelines that recommend eating plenty of fruit and vegetables, and the population recommendation of at least two serves of fruit and five serves of vegetables daily see Table 7 [38].
Cancer Council recommends that people eat a variety of fruit and vegetables, including a range of different coloured fruit and vegetables, to obtain maximum benefits.
: Beta-carotene and respiratory health| Beta-carotene could slow down lung aging | However, this oxidation of β-carotene by gas phase smoke did not translate into a direct prooxidant effect in human bronchial epithelial cells. Our goal in these studies was to examine the interaction of β-carotene, smoke and cellular constituents in the most physiologically relevant yet practically accessible in vitro model. Our choice of BEAS-2B cells as the cell culture model is based on the successful use of these cells in similar previous studies with both solution phase and airborne toxicants 23 — These transformed normal human bronchial epithelial cells have reduced levels of endogenous antioxidants compared with primary normal bronchial cells This allowed us to manipulate antioxidant capacity of the cells and study effects of specific antioxidants added to the system. Similarly, use of the Transwell system allowed direct exposure of the cells to gas phase smoke components 23 , 24 , The smoke exposures were done with air—smoke mixtures that would approximate both the smoke burden and oxygen tension to which the lung epithelium would be exposed in vivo. A final key consideration in this study is what level of β-carotene supplementation best reflects β-carotene levels in lung tissue of human subjects taking β-carotene supplements. Redlich et al. reported that β-carotene levels in cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from 12 CARET participants had levels of Thus, our experimental model reasonably approximated the conditions of β-carotene and smoke interactions in individuals taking β-carotene supplements in vivo. Another challenge in this study was to supplement bronchial epithelial cells with β-carotene in a physiologically relevant manner. Previous studies have added β-carotene dissolved in ethanol to the cell culture medium 17 , 18 , β-Carotene has very limited solubility in ethanol and probably was present as a fine suspension of β-carotene aggregates at the high concentrations used in those studies. This is similar to the method previously reported by Bertram et al. Oxidation with the water-soluble azo initiator AAPH demonstrated that β-carotene added to the cells using THF and ethanol was available to react with smoke-borne oxidants in the cells and hence was incorporated into the cells in a physiologically relevant manner. An important test of the model was the extent to which smoke induced β-carotene oxidation in BEAS-2B cells. The results indicated that gas phase smoke exposure caused extensive oxidation of β-carotene. The products formed are those identified previously in various β-carotene oxidation systems, including smoke oxidation. An important observation in this context is the formation of 4-nitro-β-carotene, which is generated by nitrogen oxides in smoke The identification of 4-nitro-β-carotene clearly establishes that smoke directly oxidized β-carotene in this model. We hypothesized that a β-carotene prooxidant effect in smoke-exposed cells could be manifested in two different ways. First, radical intermediates in β-carotene oxidation could initiate radical oxidation of other cellular molecules, including membrane lipids. Thus, we analyzed the effects of β-carotene supplementation on smoke-induced lipid peroxidation and LDH release. Second, radical intermediates in β-carotene oxidation could oxidize other cellular antioxidant molecules and compromise cellular defense against smoke oxidants. Our results indicated that β-carotene did not enhance membrane lipid peroxidation or LDH leakage. Further, β-carotene did not affect the kinetics of depletion of either glutathione or α-tocopherol by smoke. These results, taken together with those of our previous studies in a liposome model 12 , indicate that prooxidant effects of β-carotene are unlikely to contribute to increased incidence of cancer in smokers taking β-carotene supplements. Although it is still possible that localized prooxidant chemistry of β-carotene selectively oxidizes certain critical targets, our methods could not detect such changes. Nevertheless, this scenario seems unlikely. Other mechanisms by which β-carotene—smoke interactions enhance lung carcinogenesis are worthy of further exploration. Wang et al. recently studied this interaction in ferrets supplemented with β-carotene and exposed to cigarette smoke in vivo Ferrets absorb β-carotene extensively, as do humans, and are considered useful models for carotenoid actions in vivo. Extensive conversion of β-carotene to oxidation products was observed in subcellular fractions from smoke-exposed ferrets. β-Carotene also enhanced smoke-induced epithelial cell proliferation and squamous metaplasia. Moreover, carotenoid supplementation also enhanced smoke repression of RARβ expression and enhanced induction of c-Fos and c-Jun. These observations suggest that β-carotene oxidation products may exert effects on retinoid signaling and affect the status of other nuclear transcription factors as well. Further exploration of this hypothesis could provide a fresh perspective on the deleterious interaction of β-carotene and smoke. To whom correspondence should be addressed Email: liebler pharmacy. and Sporn,M. Nature , , — and Perry,G. The ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. Jr, Valanis,B. Jr, Barnhart,S. and Hammar,S. and Pryor,W. Health Perspect. and Stone,K. Radicals, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrate and peroxynitrite. and Church,D. and Ingold,K. Science , , — and Beecher,G. Natl Cancer Inst. and Liebler,D. Biochemistry , 36 , — and Reed,D. Methods Enzymol. and Ham,A. and Krinsky,N. Free Radic. and Jacobs,D. Jr Solubilization of β-carotene in culture media. Cancer , 27 , — Jr Induction of HL cell differentiation by carotenoids. and Harris,C. Cancer Res. Effect of oxygen partial pressure. and Russell,R. and Friedman,M. Cell Mol. and Koren,H. Jr, Ozanne,C. and Willey,J. and Cullen,M. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. and Hirohashi,S. and Cooney,R. Carcinogenesis , 12 , — Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Sign In or Create an Account. Beta-carotene is an antioxidant. It protects the body from damaging molecules called free radicals. Free radicals damage cells through a process known as oxidation. Over time, this damage can lead to a number of chronic illnesses. There is good evidence that eating more antioxidants from foods helps boost your immune system, protect against free radicals, and may lower your risk of heart disease and cancer. But the issue is a little more complicated when it comes to taking antioxidant supplements. Prevention Studies that look at big groups of people suggest that those who eat 4 or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables rich in beta-carotene may reduce their risk of developing heart disease or cancer. Other preliminary studies suggest that eating foods rich in beta-carotene reduces the risk of Sporadic ALS Lou Gehrig Disease. Foods rich in beta-carotene include those that are orange or yellow, such as peppers, squashes, and carrots. However, a few studies have found that people who take beta-carotene supplements may have a higher risk for conditions such as cancer and heart disease. Researchers think that may be because the total of all the nutrients you eat in a healthy, balanced diet gives more protection than just beta-carotene supplements alone. There is also some evidence that when smokers and people who are exposed to asbestos take beta-carotene supplements, their risk of lung cancer goes up. For now, smokers should not take beta-carotene supplements. Studies suggest that high doses of beta-carotene may make people with a particular condition less sensitive to the sun. People with erythropoietic protoporphyria, a rare genetic condition that causes painful sun sensitivity, as well as liver problems, are often treated with beta-carotene to reduce sun sensitivity. Under a doctor's care, the dose of beta-carotene is slowly adjusted over a period of weeks, and the person can have more exposure to sunlight. A major clinical trial, the Age Related Eye Disease Study AREDS1 , found that people who had macular degeneration could slow its progression by taking zinc 80 mg , vitamin C mg , vitamin E mg , beta-carotene 15 mg , and copper 2 mg. Age related macular degeneration is an eye disease that happens when the macula, the part of the retina that is responsible for central vision, starts to break down. Use this regimen only under a doctor's supervision. In one study of middle-aged and older men, those who ate more foods with carotenoids, mainly beta-carotene and lycopene, were less likely to have metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a group of symptoms and risk factors that increase your chance of heart disease and diabetes. The men also had lower measures of body fat and triglycerides, a kind of blood fat. People with oral leukoplakia have white lesions in their mouths or on their tongues. It is usually caused by years of smoking or drinking alcohol. One study found that people with leukoplakia who took beta-carotene had fewer symptoms than those who took placebo. Because taking beta-carotene might put smokers at higher risk of lung cancer, however, you should not take beta-carotene for leukoplakia on your own. Ask your doctor if it would be safe for you. People with scleroderma, a connective tissue disorder characterized by hardened skin, have low levels of beta-carotene in their blood. That has caused some researchers to think beta-carotene supplements may be helpful for people with scleroderma. So far, however, research has not confirmed that theory. For now, it is best to get beta-carotene from foods in your diet and avoid supplements until more studies are done. The richest sources of beta-carotene are yellow, orange, and green leafy fruits and vegetables such as carrots, spinach, lettuce, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, broccoli, cantaloupe, and winter squash. In general, the more intense the color of the fruit or vegetable, the more beta-carotene it has. Beta-carotene supplements are available in both capsule and gel forms. Beta-carotene is fat-soluble, so you should take it with meals containing at least 3 g of fat to ensure absorption. So far, studies have not confirmed that beta-carotene supplements by themselves help prevent cancer. Eating foods rich in beta-carotene, along with other antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, seems to protect against some kinds of cancer. However, beta-carotene supplements may increase the risk of heart disease and cancer in people who smoke or drink heavily. Those people should not take beta-carotene, except under a doctor's supervision. Beta-carotene reduces sun sensitivity for people with certain skin problems, but it does not protect against sunburn. While animal studies show that beta-carotene is not toxic to a fetus or a newborn, there is not enough information to know what levels are safe. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, take beta-carotene supplements only if your doctor tells you to. It is safe to get beta-carotene through the food you eat. Statins: Taking beta-carotene with selenium and vitamins E and C may make simvastatin Zocor and niacin less effective. The same may be true of other statins, such as atorvastatin Lipitor. If you take statins to lower cholesterol, talk to your doctor before taking beta-carotene supplements. Colestipol, a cholesterol-lowering medication similar to cholestyramin, may also reduce beta-carotene levels. Your doctor may monitor your levels of beta-carotene, but you do not usually need to take a supplement. You may want to take a multivitamin if you take orlistat. Red palm oil is also rich in β-carotene, but is not often consumed in Australia [1]. Table 1. Common dietary sources of β-carotene [3]. Carotenes are not absorbed as well as other forms of vitamin A, such as retinol [1]. Carotenoids in the cells of dark-green leafy vegetables and carrots are not readily released in the body [1]. However carotenoids in the cell walls of fruits are more readily absorbed [1]. In the western diet, vitamin A is mainly obtained from animal products rich in retinol such as milk, butter, cheese, egg yolk, liver and some fatty fish [1]. However carotenes, particularly β-carotene, are the main source of vitamin A in countries where animal product consumption is low. Nutritional factors can play a role in the prevention of cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that the intake of foods such as fruit and vegetables, which are rich in an array of phytochemicals and certain nutrients like carotenoids, are associated with a modest reduced risk of certain cancers. This evidence has encouraged research on individual nutrients and their association with cancer. Vitamin A was one of the first nutrients to be evaluated, and β-carotene was initially believed to reduce the risk of lung cancer [4]. The trials highlighted the need for further research, particularly into the mechanisms involved for individual nutrients. They also highlighted the potential dangers of dietary supplements, particularly when administered at doses not naturally found in foods. Cancer Council has an important role to play in determining the association between different nutritional factors and cancer, and promoting advice to the community about how to reduce cancer risk. The purpose of this position statement is to evaluate and summarise the evidence linking β-carotene with cancer prevention. The World Cancer Research Fund WCRF released a comprehensive report on food and the prevention of cancer in which found that foods containing carotenoids were probably protective against lung, mouth, pharynx, and larynx cancer [7]. Dietary β-carotene was associated with a probable reduced risk of oesophageal cancer, but was unlikely to have a substantial effect on the risk of prostate and non-melanoma skin cancers [7]. However the report did not distinguish between dietary and supplemental sources of carotenoids. The International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC published a review of the evidence on carotenoids and cancer in [9]. The review found there was inadequate evidence for the cancer preventive activity of β-carotene at usual dietary levels [9]. However the incidence of lung, oral and pharyngeal cancer tended to be inversely related to dietary β-carotene intake [9]. In , the WCRF found that β-carotene supplements were convincingly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer [10]. The report noted that there was a marked interaction between β-carotene, smoking and genotype [10]. People who lack the carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes glutathione-S transferase 1 and 2, due to genetic variation, had a higher risk of lung cancer, particularly if they were smokers [10]. In addition, the risk of lung cancer among smokers taking higher does of β-carotene was greater than in smokers taking lower doses, despite adjustment for smoking habits and age [10]. The WCRF concluded that β-carotene supplements were unlikely to have a substantial effect on the risk of prostate and non-melanoma skin cancers [10]. In fact it was noted that there was evidence of an increased risk of lung cancer among smokers and asbestos workers taking high doses of β-carotene supplements [5]. Figure 1. Trials identified by the WCRF investigating β-carotene and lung cancer risk [10]. A meta-analysis of RCTs investigated the link between high-dose β-carotene supplements and cancer incidence and mortality [12]. Findings were similar for studies investigating high-dose and low-dose supplements, with no effect seen for either [12]. Table 2. Summary of findings from meta-analyses of all cancer risk associated with β-carotene supplement use. Conversely, a meta-analysis reported an increase in lung cancer mortality associated with high-dose β-carotene supplement use [13]. This study did not analyse data specifically for smokers. A second meta-analysis from the same year reported an association between high-dose β-carotene supplementation and lung cancer among current smokers [11]. Table 3. Summary of findings from meta-analyses of lung cancer risk associated with β-carotene supplement use. Note: RR column represents relative risk, unless noted OR, which indicates odds ratio. Early RCTs of β-carotene supplementation produced contradictory findings. Despite a number of RCTs of β-carotene supplementation being suspended after increased risk of lung cancer was observed [13] [14] , subsequent RCTs showed no association between β-carotene supplementation and lung cancer risk in both the general population and among smokers [6] [15] [16]. A range of studies have been conducted investigating the link between β-carotene and cancer risk, for a number of cancer types. Table 4 summarises the findings from meta-analyses investigating the link between supplementary β-carotene and a range of cancer types. There is an association between β-carotene supplement use and bladder cancer [12]. Stomach cancer risk is increased with β-carotene supplement use and this effect is stronger in smokers and asbestos workers [13]. Although β-carotene supplement use is associated with increased risk of bowel adenoma [18] , there appears to be no association with bowel cancer [12] [13]. The majority of studies have found no association between supplementary β-carotene and other cancer types [13] [19] [12]. Table 4. Summary of findings from meta-analyses investigating the link between β-carotene supplement use and various cancers. There is some evidence that dietary β-carotene reduces the risk of a number of cancer types [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]. Table 5 summarises findings from meta-analyses of studies investigating the link between β-carotene and cancer. Table 5. Summary of findings from meta-analyses investigating the link between dietary β-carotene and various cancers. Dietary carotenoids, including β-carotene, may lower cancer risk by [9] [28] :. Cigarette smoke is highly oxidative and has been shown to destroy carotenoids in plasma [29]. Therefore β-carotene in the lungs of smokers may be susceptible to oxidative attack, leading to a pro-oxidant state which may promote cancer [29]. The protective effect seen for dietary β-carotene and cancer may also not be due to β-carotene specifically, but possibly another carotenoid or mix of compounds in the diet [7] [9]. It is also possible that the protective effect of β-carotene at dietary intake amounts is lost or reversed with dietary supplementation and the higher levels that this can supply [7]. While excessive cellular oxidants can induce damage to cells, they are needed in moderate concentrations for several protective reactions, including apoptosis, phagocytosis and detoxification reactions provided by cytochrome P complexes [30]. High doses of antioxidants can inactivate more cellular oxidants than necessary and interfere with these protective functions [30]. Vitamin A intakes are generally expressed as retinol equivalents RE , where 6 mg of β-carotene gives rise to 1 mg RE [1] [2]. |
| Beta Carotene: Benefits, Foods to Eat, and More | Gallicchio Respiartory, Boyd K, Matanoski G, Tao XG, Body composition goals L, Beta-carotenf TK, Beta-csrotene al. Cells were grown on plastic flasks, removed by brief trypsinization, and cells were plated Beta-czrotene 25 mm diameter Beta-carotene and respiratory health filter heakth with Beat-carotene 3 μm pore size Transwell-Clear; Corning Costar, Cambridge, MAwhich were inserted into 6-well culture dishes. Schünemann, Departments of Medicine and of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Farber Hall, Main Street, Buffalo, NY e-mail: HJS buffalo. Products and services. Hercberg S, Galan P, Preziosi P. Stomach cancer risk is increased with β-carotene supplement use and this effect is stronger in smokers and asbestos workers [13]. |
| All you need to know about beta carotene | Int J Vitam Nutr Res. Plasma concentrations of the antioxidants beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in relation to lung function. Try to get most of your daily dose from the foods you eat. Background and research questions. Retention time min. The protective effect seen for dietary β-carotene and cancer may also not be due to β-carotene specifically, but possibly another carotenoid or mix of compounds in the diet [7] [9]. |
Beta-carotene and respiratory health -
Radicals, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrate and peroxynitrite. and Church,D. and Ingold,K. Science , , — and Beecher,G. Natl Cancer Inst. and Liebler,D. Biochemistry , 36 , — and Reed,D.
Methods Enzymol. and Ham,A. and Krinsky,N. Free Radic. and Jacobs,D. Jr Solubilization of β-carotene in culture media. Cancer , 27 , — Jr Induction of HL cell differentiation by carotenoids. and Harris,C.
Cancer Res. Effect of oxygen partial pressure. and Russell,R. and Friedman,M. Cell Mol. and Koren,H. Jr, Ozanne,C. and Willey,J. and Cullen,M. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. and Hirohashi,S.
and Cooney,R. Carcinogenesis , 12 , — Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Sign In or Create an Account. Navbar Search Filter Carcinogenesis This issue Clinical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Books Journals Oxford Academic Mobile Enter search term Search.
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Interactions of β-carotene and cigarette smoke in human bronchial epithelial cells. Arti Arora , Arti Arora. Oxford Academic. Google Scholar. Celeste A. Daniel C. Revision received:. PDF Split View Views. Cite Cite Arti Arora, Celeste A.
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Abstract Results from recent intervention trials indicated that supplemental β-carotene enhances lung cancer incidence and mortality among smokers. Carotenoids display antioxidant properties 9 and are generally thought to prevent oxidative damage, as would be caused by cigarette smoke.
The leading hypothesis for this anticarcinogenic effect of carotenoids is that they act as antioxidants, trapping free radicals and other reactive oxidants in cigarette smoke. However, β-carotene antioxidant chemistry is known to display a striking dependence on oxygen tension p O2 Table I.
Retention time min. a The most intense absorbance bands are listed in bold. c M—H —. Open in new tab. Open in new tab Download slide. Jr Issue Section:. Download all slides.
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Citing articles via Web of Science Latest Most Read Most Cited PTCH1 mutation as a potential predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal cancer. The BET inhibitor GNE effectively induces anti-cancer effects in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by targeting enhancer regulated genes.
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Gallicchio L, Boyd K, Matanoski G, Tao XG, Chen L, Lam TK, et al. Carotenoids and the risk of developing lung cancer: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. Hercberg S, Galan P, Preziosi P. Antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease: Dr Jekyll or Mr Hyde? Am J Public Health.
Herrick AL, Hollis S, Schofield D, Rieley F, Blann A, Griffin K, Moore T, Braganza JM, Jayson MI. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of antioxidant therapy in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis.
Clin Exp Rheumatol. Hu G, Cassano PA. Antioxidant nutrients and pulmonary function: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES III. Am J Epidemiol. Itsiopoulos C, Hodge A, Kaimakamis M. Can the Mediterranean diet prevent prostate cancer? Jeong NH, et al. Preoperative levels of plasma micronutrients are related to endometrial cancer risk.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Liu C, Wang XD, Mucci L, Gaziano JM, Zhang SM. Modulation of lung molecular biomarkers by beta-carotene in the Physicians' Health Study. Mathew MC, Ervin AM, Tao J, Davis RM. Antioxidant vitamin supplementation for preventing and slowing the progression of age-related cataract.
Mondul AM, Sampson JN, Moore SC, et al. Metabolomic profile of response to supplementation with B-carotene in the alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study.
Pryor WA, Stahl W, Rock CL. Beta carotene: from biochemistry to clinical trials. Riccioni G, D'Orazio N, Salvatore C, Franceschelli S, Pesce M, Speranza L. Carotenoids and vitamins C and E in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. Roodenburg AJ, Leenen R, van het Hof KH, Weststrate JA, Tijburg LB. Amount of fat in the diet affects bioavailability of lutein esters but not of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and vitamin E in humans.
Sluijs I, Beulens JW, Grobbee DE, van der Schouw YT. Dietary carotenoid intake is associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly men.
J Nutr. Sweetman, SC. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. London, UK; Pharmaceutical Press; Utsugi MT, Ohkubo T, Kikuya M, Kurimoto A, Sato RI, Suzuki K, et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of hypertension determined by self measurement of blood pressure at home: the Ohasama study.
Hypertens Res. Virtamo J, Taylor PR, Kontto J, et al. Effects of a-tocopherol and B-carotene supplementation on cancer incidence and mortality: year postintervention follow-up of the Alpha-tocopherol, Beta-carotene Cancer Prevention Study.
Int J Cancer. Share Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email Home Health Library. Beta-carotene B-carotene; Betacarotenum; Provitamin A; Trans-beta-carotene.
Therapeutic Uses Prevention Studies that look at big groups of people suggest that those who eat 4 or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables rich in beta-carotene may reduce their risk of developing heart disease or cancer. Treatment Sun Sensitivity Studies suggest that high doses of beta-carotene may make people with a particular condition less sensitive to the sun.
Age related Macular Degeneration A major clinical trial, the Age Related Eye Disease Study AREDS1 , found that people who had macular degeneration could slow its progression by taking zinc 80 mg , vitamin C mg , vitamin E mg , beta-carotene 15 mg , and copper 2 mg.
Metabolic Syndrome In one study of middle-aged and older men, those who ate more foods with carotenoids, mainly beta-carotene and lycopene, were less likely to have metabolic syndrome.
Drug amd provided by: Beta-carotene and respiratory health, Micromedex ®. Respiratroy of Bea-carotene has been Beta-carotene and respiratory health with an increased risk of lung Gluten-free kale recipes in people who smoke or who have been exposed to asbestos. These people took 30 mg of beta-carotene in addition to 25, Units of retinol a form of vitamin A a day for 4 years. However, one study of 22, male physicians, some of them smokers or former smokers, found no increase in lung cancer. These people took 50 mg of beta-carotene every other day for 12 years.
Darin ist etwas auch mir scheint es die gute Idee. Ich bin mit Ihnen einverstanden.
Ich meine, dass es der falsche Weg ist.
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