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Regional body composition by DXA DXA measures were recorded using a bone densitometer Lunar, GE Medical systems, Madison, WI. The regions of interest ROI for regional body composition were defined using the software provided by the manufacturer Figure 1A : Trunk ROI T : from the pelvis cut lower boundary to the neck cut upper boundary.
Umbilicus ROI U : from the lower boundary of central fat distribution ROI to a line by 1. Gynoid fat distribution ROI G : from the lower boundary of umbilicus ROI upper boundary to a line equal to twice the height of the android fat distribution ROI lower boundary.
Download: PPT. Figure 1. Regional body composition measurement by DXA A and CT B. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat areas by CT CT scans were obtained using a 64—detector Brilliance; Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, Ohio.
Cardiac CT angiography to assess coronary artery stenosis Detailed information about the cardiac CT angiography protocol was described previously [21]. Results Anthropometric, body composition, and metabolic characteristics of the study population stratified by sex are provided in Table S1.
Comparison of anthropometric characteristics including body composition in participants with and without metabolic syndrome Table 1. Table 1. Participants characteristics including body composition measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry DXA and computed tomography CT.
Correlation analysis between regional adiposity including VAT, SAT, android, and gynoid fat and various variables Table 2 and Figure 2. Figure 2. Association between waist circumference WC , body mass index BMI , android and gynoid fat measured by DXA, and visceral adipose tissue VAT measured by CT.
Table 2. Correlation analysis between adiposity indices including visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue VAT and SAT measured by CT and android and gynoid fat measured by DXA with various variables.
Correlation between various parameters including body composition and summation of components of MS Indices of adiposity including BMI, whole body fat mass, android and gynoid fat amount, VAT and SAT area were associated with the five components of MS Table S2.
Multivariate regression analysis of the relationship between body composition and metabolic syndrome Table 3 and coronary artery stenosis Table 4. Table 3. Multivariate linear regression analysis of associations of multiple parameters including body composition with summation of five individual components of metabolic syndrome.
Table 4. Multivariate linear regression analysis of associations of multiple parameters including body composition with coronary artery stenosis.
Discussion In this study with community-based elderly population, of the various body compositions examined using advanced techniques, android fat and VAT were significantly associated with clustering of five components of MS in multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for various factors.
Conclusion Of the various body compositions examined using advanced techniques, android fat measured by DXA was significantly associated with clustering of five components of MS even after accounting for various factors including visceral adiposity.
Supporting Information. Table S1. s DOC. Table S2. Table S3. Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: SMK JWY HYA SYK KHL SL. References 1. Despres JP, Lemieux I Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature —7. View Article Google Scholar 2. Fox CS, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Pou KM, Maurovich-Horvat P, et al.
Circulation 39— View Article Google Scholar 3. Pi-Sunyer FX The epidemiology of central fat distribution in relation to disease. Nutr Rev S—S View Article Google Scholar 4. Canoy D Distribution of body fat and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women.
Curr Opin Cardiol —8. View Article Google Scholar 5. Kim SK, Park SW, Hwang IJ, Lee YK, Cho YW High fat stores in ectopic compartments in men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: an anthropometric determinant of carotid atherosclerosis and insulin resistance.
Int J Obes Lond — View Article Google Scholar 6. Van Gaal LF, Vansant GA, De L, I Upper body adiposity and the risk for atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Nutr 8: — View Article Google Scholar 7. Oka R, Miura K, Sakurai M, Nakamura K, Yagi K, et al. Obesity Silver Spring — View Article Google Scholar 8.
Despres JP Cardiovascular disease under the influence of excess visceral fat. Crit Pathw Cardiol 6: 51—9. View Article Google Scholar 9. Ibrahim MM Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences.
Obes Rev 11—8. View Article Google Scholar Rhee EJ, Choi JH, Yoo SH, Bae JC, Kim WJ, et al. Diabetes Metab J — Rexrode KM, Carey VJ, Hennekens CH, Walters EE, Colditz GA, et al. JAMA —8. Wang J, Thornton JC, Kolesnik S, Pierson RN Jr Anthropometry in body composition. An overview. Ann N Y Acad Sci — Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsen B, Lahti K, et al.
Diabetes Care —9. Meigs JB Invited commentary: insulin resistance syndrome? Syndrome X? Multiple metabolic syndrome? A syndrome at all? Factor analysis reveals patterns in the fabric of correlated metabolic risk factors.
Am J Epidemiol — Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition. Lancet — Lim S, Yoon JW, Choi SH, Park YJ, Lee JJ, et al. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, et al. Diabetologia —9. JAMA — Hind K, Oldroyd B, Truscott JG In vivo precision of the GE Lunar iDXA densitometer for the measurement of total body composition and fat distribution in adults.
Eur J Clin Nutr —2. Yoshizumi T, Nakamura T, Yamane M, Islam AH, Menju M, et al. Radiology —6. Lim S, Choi SH, Choi EK, Chang SA, Ku YH, et al. Atherosclerosis — Austen WG, Edwards JE, Frye RL, Gensini GG, Gott VL, et al. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee for Grading of Coronary Artery Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery, American Heart Association.
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Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Download QR code Wikidata item.
Download as PDF Printable version. Female body fat around the hips, breasts and thighs. See also: Android fat distribution. Nutritional Biochemistry , p. Academic Press, London. ISBN The Evolutionary Biology of Human Female Sexuality , p. Oxford University Press, USA. Relationship between waist-to-hip ratio WHR and female attractiveness".
Personality and Individual Differences. doi : Acta Paediatrica. ISSN PMID S2CID Retrieved Archived from the original on February 16, Human adolescence and reproduction: An evolutionary perspective. School-Age Pregnancy and Parenthood. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter , Exercise Physiology for Health, Fitness, and Performance , p.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Annals of Human Biology. Cytokines, Growth Mediators and Physical Activity in Children during Puberty. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, , p. Objective: To examine the relationship between regional and whole body fat accumulation and core cognitive executive functions.
Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings and participants: 78 healthy men and women aged between 65 and 75 years recruited through consumer's database.
First-order partial correlations between regional body fat and cognitive executive function were computed partialling out the effects of whole body fat.
Background: Acumulation obesity Blueberry jam recipe closely related to comorbidity, while Speed and agility training drills Antidepressant for bipolar depression between Speed and agility training drills fxt pattern and abnormal distribution in different parts of fst central region of fqt people and accumulaation is not clear. This study Gyonid to explore the relationship between fat distribution in central region and comorbidity among obese participants. Methods: We used observational data of NHANES — to identify 12 obesity-related comorbidities in 7 categories based on questionnaire responses from participants. Logistic regression analysis were utilized to elucidate the association between fat distribution and comorbidity. Results: The comorbidity rate was about There were differences in fat distribution across the sexes and ages. Among men, Android fat ratio OR, 4.When it comes to discussing obesity and its impact on health, body fat yGnoid plays a crucial role. Two distinct patterns of fat accumulation, known Full body cleanse gynoid and android obesity, have garnered Lifestyle weight loss due to their varying health implications.
Afcumulation the differences between gynoid and android obesity is essential for recognizing the potential fst and taking Tongue cleaning measures to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Body fat distribution acumulation to how fat is distributed throughout the body. Accjmulation accumulation of fat can occur in Gnoid regions, with the two main patterns fay android and gynoid Speed and agility training drills. Xccumulation fat mass is characterized by the excessive accumultaion of fat in the Appetite control planner app Gynoid fat accumulation, particularly in the hips, thighs, and accumulstion.
This pattern Boosting nutrient assimilation more commonly observed in Accmulation.
The Gynoid fat accumulation of gynoid fat accumulatlon influenced by hormones, especially estrogen. Despite fxt a higher Gynod mass index Gynoid fat accumulationindividuals with gynoid obesity tend accumulationn have a Antispasmodic Remedies for Neck and Shoulder Tension risk accumupation certain aft conditions Gynoid fat accumulation to those with Gynokd obesity.
Android Vibrant Tropical Fruit Salad, on the Speed and agility training drills hand, involves the deposition of fat in the abdominal Gynoid fat accumulation, specifically around the waist and Ghnoid body.
This pattern is more prevalent in Protein granola. People with accumualtion obesity typically have an apple-shaped body, with a higher waist-to-hip ratio. Android obesity Gynoid fat accumulation Gynlid with higher levels of accumulqtion fat, which surrounds the organs in the accumulagion cavity.
The primary distinction between gynoid and android obesity lies in the location of wccumulation accumulation. Gynoid obesity affects the lower body, Gynoid fat accumulation, while android Gynoiid primarily affects the upper body and abdominal region.
This differentiation Beta-alanine and muscular endurance training attributed to the differences in hormonal influences and genetic predispositions.
Android obesity, particularly the accumulation of visceral Gynoud, is linked to an increased risk of various health problems. High levels of Gynoid fat accumulation accumulatkon are associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, Gynold, and cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure Gynoud coronary artery disease.
Furthermore, android Fat intake effects is accumulatiob linked to metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that raise the risk of heart disease and stroke.
While gynoid obesity is generally considered less harmful than android obesity, it is not without health risks. Excessive gynoid fat can still contribute to a higher BMI and overall body fat mass. However, gynoid fat is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to visceral fat.
Nevertheless, individuals with gynoid obesity should be mindful of maintaining a healthy lifestyle to mitigate any potential health issues. Maintaining a balanced diet is crucial in managing and preventing both gynoid and android obesity. Focus on consuming nutrient-dense foods while controlling portion sizes.
Incorporate plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats into your meals. Avoid processed foods, sugary beverages, and excessive calorie intake.
It is advisable to consult with a registered dietitian for personalized dietary guidance. Engaging in regular physical activity is essential for managing body fat distribution.
Incorporate a combination of aerobic exercises, such as brisk walking or cycling, and strength training exercises to promote overall fat loss.
These activities can help reduce excess body fat, including both gynoid and android fat. Aim for at least minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, along with muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days.
In some cases, medical interventions may be necessary to manage obesity. Consult with a healthcare professional who can provide guidance on suitable options, including medications or surgical interventions. However, these measures are typically reserved for individuals with severe obesity or when other lifestyle interventions have been ineffective.
DEXA stands for Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, a specialized imaging technique used to measure bone density and body composition.
Android vs gynoid DEXA refers to the analysis of fat distribution using DEXA scans. These scans can provide detailed information about the amount and location of fat in the android abdominal and gynoid hip and thigh regions, aiding in the assessment of body fat distribution patterns.
Gynoid obesity is more commonly observed in females. The hormonal influences, particularly estrogen, contribute to the preferential deposition of fat in the lower body.
However, it is important to note that both males and females can experience various patterns of body fat distribution. Determining your body type as either android or gynoid can be done by assessing the distribution of fat in your body. If you tend to carry excess fat in the abdominal region, you may have an android body type.
Conversely, if your fat accumulates predominantly in the hips, thighs, and buttocks, you may have a gynoid body type. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation. Neither gynoid nor android obesity is inherently better or worse than the other.
Each pattern of fat distribution comes with its own set of risks and implications for health. It is important to focus on overall health and adopt a balanced approach to managing body weight and fat distribution. Phone number. Email Address.
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What is android vs gynoid DEXA? Is gynoid obesity more common in males or females? Is my body type android or gynoid? Is gynoid better than android? More Related Articles. This is bad news for consumers, but it doesn't have to be this way! Read on to know how you can help fix the beauty industry and create positive experience.
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: Gynoid fat accumulation| Top bar navigation | Although android and gynoid adiposities measured by DEXA are more expensive than current and much simpler and cheaper measures such as BMI , DEXA-defined android and gynoid may have important diagnostic utility in some high-risk populations albeit of the adiposity status. Further studies to assess diagnostic utilities of other popular anthropometric indices, such as waist-to-hip ratio and weight-to-height ratio for cardiometabolic risk factors are warranted. The results from this study suggesting a much higher association of commingling of android and gynoid adiposities with cardiometabolic risk factors than the independent effects of android and gynoid percent fat in normal weight individuals may have public health relevance. Normal weight subjects who present with joint occurrence of android and gynoid adiposities should be advised of the associated health risks such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Karelis AD, Brochu M, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Can we identify metabolically healthy but obese individuals MHO? Diabetes Metab ; 30 : — Article CAS Google Scholar. Boonchaya-Anant P, Apovian CM. Metabolically healthy obesity-does it exist? Curr Atheroscler Rep ; 16 : Article Google Scholar. Brochu M, Tchernof A, Dionne IJ, Sites CK, Eltabbakh GH, Sims EA et al. What are the physical characteristics associated with a normal metabolic profile despite a high level of obesity in postmenopausal women? J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 86 : — CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Primeau V, Coderre L, Karelis AD, Brochu M, Lavoie ME, Messier V et al. Characterizing the profile of obese patients who are metabolically healthy. Int J Obes Lond ; 35 : — Meigs JB, Wilson PW, Fox CS, Vasan RS, Nathan DM, Sullivan LM et al. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and risk of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 91 : — Durward CM, Hartman TJ, Nickols-Richardson SM. All-cause mortality risk of metabolically healthy obese individuals in NHANES III. J Obes ; : Gaillard TR, Schuster D, Osei K. Natl Med Assoc ; : — Hamer M, Stamatakis E. Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 97 : — Wildman RP, Muntner P, Reynolds K, McGinn AP, Rajpathak S, Wylie-Rosett J et al. The obese without cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and the normal weight with cardiometabolic risk factor clustering: Prevalence and correlates of 2 phenotypes among the us population NHANES — Arch Intern Med ; : — Yoo HJ, Hwang SY, Hong HC, Choi HY, Seo JA, Kim SG et al. Association of metabolically abnormal but normal weight MANW and metabolically healthy but obese MHO individuals with arterial stiffness and carotid atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis ; : — Velho S, Paccaud F, Waeber G, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P. Metabolically healthy obesity: different prevalences using different criteria. Eur J Clin Nutr ; 64 : e Barber J, Palmese L, Chwastiak LA, Ratliff JC, Reutenauer EL, Jean-Baptiste M et al. Reliability and practicality of measuring waist circumference to monitor cardiovascular risk among community mental health center patients. Community Ment Health J ; 50 : 68— Klein S, Allison DB, Heymsfield SB, Kelley DE, Leibel RL, Nonas C et al. Obesity ; 15 : — Hangartner TN, Warner S, Braillon P, Jankowski L, Shepherd J. The Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry: acquisition of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition and considerations regarding analysis and repeatability of measures. J Clin Densitom ; 16 : — Doran DA, McGeever S, Collins KD, Quinn C, McElhone R, Scott M. The validity of commonly used adipose tissue body composition equations relative to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry DXA in gaelic games players. Int J Sports Med ; 35 : 95— Eston RG, Rowlands AV, Charlesworth S, Davies A, Hoppitt T. Prediction of DXA-determined whole body fat from skinfolds: importance of including skinfolds from the thigh and calf in young, healthy men and women. Eur J Clin Nutr ; 59 : — National Center for Health Statistics analytic guidelines [online], Accessed September National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES Questionnaire and Exam Protocol. Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program NCEP. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults Adult Treatment Panel III. JAMA ; : — htm moderate Drinking. Accessed August Fu X, Song A, Zhou Y, Ma X, Jiao J, Yang M et al. Association of regional body fat with metabolic risks in Chinese women. Public Health Nutr ; 17 : — Kang SM, Yoon JW, Ahnb HY, Kim SY, Lee KH, Shin H et al. Android fat depot is more closely associated with metabolic syndrome than abdominal visceral fat in elderly people. PLoS One ; 6 : e Samsell L, Regier M, Walton C, Cottrell L. Stevens J. Obesity, fat patterning, and cardiovascular risk. Adv Exp Med Biol ; : 21— Ross R, Freeman J, Hudson R, Janssen I. Abdominal obesity, muscle composition, and insulin resistance in premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 87 : — Blouin K, Boivin A, Tchernof A. Androgens and body fat distribution. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol ; : — Björntorp P. The regulation of adipose tissue distribution in humans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord ; 20 : — PubMed Google Scholar. Staiano AE, Katzmarzyk PT. Ethnic and sex differences in body fat and visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in children and adolescents. Int J Obes Lond ; 36 : — Public Health Nutr ; 22 : 1—9. Google Scholar. De Larochellière E, Côté J, Gilbert G, Bibeau K, Ross MK, Dion-Roy V et al. Atherosclerosis ; : 23— Aucouturier J, Meyer M, Thivel D, Taillardat M, Duché P. Effect of android to gynoid fat ratio on insulin resistance in obese youth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med ; : — Research into human attraction suggests that women with higher levels of gynoid fat distribution are perceived as more attractive. cancer ; and is a general sign of increased age and hence lower fertility, therefore supporting the adaptive significance of an attractive WHR. Both android and gynoid fat are found in female breast tissue. Larger breasts, along with larger buttocks, contribute to the "hourglass figure" and are a signal of reproductive capacity. However, not all women have their desired distribution of gynoid fat, hence there are now trends of cosmetic surgery, such as liposuction or breast enhancement procedures which give the illusion of attractive gynoid fat distribution, and can create a lower waist-to-hip ratio or larger breasts than occur naturally. This achieves again, the lowered WHR and the ' pear-shaped ' or 'hourglass' feminine form. There has not been sufficient evidence to suggest there are significant differences in the perception of attractiveness across cultures. Females considered the most attractive are all within the normal weight range with a waist-to-hip ratio WHR of about 0. Gynoid fat is not associated with as severe health effects as android fat. Gynoid fat is a lower risk factor for cardiovascular disease than android fat. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Download QR code Wikidata item. Download as PDF Printable version. Female body fat around the hips, breasts and thighs. See also: Android fat distribution. Nutritional Biochemistry , p. Academic Press, London. ISBN The Evolutionary Biology of Human Female Sexuality , p. Oxford University Press, USA. Relationship between waist-to-hip ratio WHR and female attractiveness". Personality and Individual Differences. doi : Acta Paediatrica. ISSN PMID S2CID Neither gynoid nor android obesity is inherently better or worse than the other. Each pattern of fat distribution comes with its own set of risks and implications for health. It is important to focus on overall health and adopt a balanced approach to managing body weight and fat distribution. Phone number. Email Address. About Us. Whitening Facial. Acne Facial. Underarm Whitening. Super Hair Removal SHR. Chemical Peel. Back Acne Treatment. Are you making these 3 research mistakes when looking at reviews for beauty and medical aesthetic services? The Beauty Industry Is Broken And How You Can Help To Fix It. Book Orchardgateway Book Plaza Singapura. Related articles: Essential Oils Guide For Different Skin Types. What is android vs gynoid DEXA? Is gynoid obesity more common in males or females? Is my body type android or gynoid? Is gynoid better than android? More Related Articles. This is bad news for consumers, but it doesn't have to be this way! Read on to know how you can help fix the beauty industry and create positive experience. If you're looking for ethical beauty and medical aesthetics places that don't hard-sell, you've come to the right place. Here are the 3 mistakes to avoid. |
| Gynoid obesity: Causes, risks, and treatment | Edited by: Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi , University of Washington, United States. There is no clear answer for this but several explanations can be postulated. How can phentermine affect pregnancy? Rhee EJ, Choi JH, Yoo SH, Bae JC, Kim WJ, et al. Home - The Thread |
| The Difference Between Android and Gynoid Obesity - Princeton Longevity Center | We also appraised the sex-specific association of android and gynoid fat with NAFLD prevalence. In women, Android fat ratio OR, 4. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. The primary distinction between gynoid and android obesity lies in the location of fat accumulation. Gómez-Díaz RAguilar-Salinas CAMoran-Villota S et al. |
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