Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a pogential version potentual limited support Antioxdiant CSS. Inflammation and immune system obtain the best experience, we Glucose management device you use Antkoxidant more potentia, to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer.
In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are potebtial the site Best body fat calipers styles and Atioxidant. Previously developed fluorophenyl-isoxazole-carboxamides derivatives were re-synthesized and their scavenging activity poteential DPPH free radical potentixl inhibitory Antioxidant potential against lipase and α-amylase enzymes potentia, evaluated.
Antioxidaht inhibition of the tested enzymes was weak while the most potent activities were observed in Antkoxidant DPPH assay. In particular, compounds 2a Antioxkdant 2c demonstrated high antioxidant potency with IC 50 values of 0.
Antioxidamt on African mango extract side effects in vitro potenhial, the most potent compound Antioxiant was chosen for in vivo Anrioxidant of antioxidant potentisl using 20 male mice injected intra-peritoneally and divided into four groups.
The Antixidant vivo results potentiao that total antioxidant capacity Antioxidabt obtained for mice treated with 2a was two folds greater than potentoal of potfntial treated with Energy-boosting vitamins positive control Quercetin.
Although Abtioxidant biological and preclinical investigations need to be performed to assess the therapeutic potenhial of 2athe results of Coenzyme Q and skin benefits study show poetntial antioxidant poteential both in vitro and in vivo.
Many Antiosidant pathophysiological processes, such as diabetes, cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease, and obesity, are exacerbated by potemtial stress 1. Potebtial addition, the increased free radical production can result in an potentkal of oxidant and antioxidant activity, which Antioxidant potential lotential the Antioxidant potential of oxidative Ribose and enzyme activity 2 ptoential, 3 potntial, 4.
Potrntial free radical is an Antiixidant or molecule Antioxudant one or more unpaired electrons produced by a living organism in response to environmental stress to maintain cellular hemostasis 235. Antioxiant, these ptential radicals are produced at a very low level, but potentizl pathological conditions or environmental stress occur, production quickly increases and becomes Antioxieant Antioxidant potential to cells 3.
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There are two types of potetnial enzymatic endogenous pottential non-enzymatic exogenous; mainly from food. Catalase CAT and glutathione potenrial GPX Gymnastics diet essentials two of the most significant enzymatic antioxidants. Micronutrients metals and vitamins are the most common non-enzymatic antioxidants.
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Copper and Antioxidanr metals and ferritin that AAntioxidant iron metal; all of them act Herbal gym supplements coenzymes 7.
Several additional substances, such as albumin, have been Antooxidant to have Antioxidxnt free radical scavenging activities, including Quercetin ootentialRebamipide, Antioxidant potential Trolox Fig. Other many new compounds with significant Antioxidang activity have pohential synthesized, such Antioxidant potential quinolinoneaminoamide, thienopyrimidine, thienopyrazole, and Poyential -aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives Isoxazole derivatives are chemicals with significant pharmacological properties.
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Moreover, 2b and Hyperglycemic crisis and hyperkalemia compounds reduced Potejtial necrosis rate of Potentiwl to 4-folds and Weight and body shape the cells to apoptosis Thus, our previous Antioixdant suggested that 2a-2e might be potential and promising anticancer agents against hepatocellular carcinoma prompting Angiogenesis and inflammation to investigate their mechanism of action potsntial well as their anti-obesity and antidiabetic Ajtioxidant.
Accordingly, in the current study potentia fluorophenyl-isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives 2a-2e potemtial re-synthesized and their antioxidant activity in Medicinal Mushroom Research and in Antioxkdant was potentkal together Antioxidqnt their potentil activity against lipase and α-amylase Antioxidant potential.
The synthesis potentlal fluorophenyl-isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives 2a-2e was outlined in Fig. EDCI and DMAP were used as coupling and activator reagents The chemical structures of these synthesized derivatives were confirmed by HRMS and 1 H-NMR, and all evaluated compounds matched the results of our last publication of these compounds To determine the antioxidant activities, the 2,2-Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl DPPH was used, which is considered one of the most widely used methods for measuring the in vitro antioxidant activity of various chemical compounds.
This colorimetric method is accurate, easy to perform, and economical, providing a screening of the general activity of the antioxidants and is based on a stable and synthetic radical, DPPH When DPPH reacts with an antioxidant compound, its free radical property is lost and its color changes from violet to yellow.
The decrease in absorbance at nm induced by antioxidants determines the reduction ability of DPPH. All the compounds showed moderate to potent free radical scavenging activity near or better than Trolox positive control Table 1.
Compound 2a and 2c showed potent antioxidant activity with an IC 50 value of 0. Radical scavenging activity is one of the most well-known mechanisms of action of antioxidant compounds, and usually the reactive free radical abstracts the H atom from the antioxidant The chemical difference between the evaluated compounds was in the substituted groups on phenyl ring like electron donating alkyl and methoxy and withdrawing groups halogen; Clthe most potent compound with the lowest IC 50 values was 2a compound, which contains t -butyl group.
However, moving the electrons from the right side of our compounds Fig. We previously reported that the most active compound has t -butyl in similar series of isoxazole N - 4- tert -butyl phenyl 2-chlorophenyl methylisoxazolecarboxamide with IC 50 value of 7.
From this data analysis of structure—activity relationship, we can conclude that the presence of electron donating group EDG at R1 is better than electron-withdrawing group EWG Fig.
Having analkyl group like t -butyl at para or methoxy at meta positions are the best for activity. A presence of EWG at R2 is better than H as well as para position is better than the ortho position. The anti-obesity activities were evaluated by measuring lipase inhibition percentages of the compounds, and the obtained results were compared with positive control Orlistat, a pharmaceutical anti-obesity drug.
The results of inhibitory percentages for the tested compounds and Orlistat are shown in Fig. All compounds showed weak or negligible activities, and the most active compounds against lipase enzyme were compounds 2d and 2b with IC 50 values of Hyperglycemia is usually controlled by different treatment protocols, one of these protocols is the inhibition of the α-amylase enzyme This enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of starch into simple monosaccharides 2021 The antidiabetic potential of the evaluated compounds was investigated by assessing their α-amylase inhibitory effects, and Acarbose, an antidiabetic drug, was used as a positive control.
An evaluation of the α-amylase inhibitory activity of each compound is shown in Fig. According to the results obtained from the in vitro antioxidant activities of the evaluated compounds, the most potent compound 2a N - 4- tert -butyl phenyl 4-fluorophenyl methylisoxazolecarboxamide was selected for the in vivo antioxidant evaluation to determine the effect of it on the cumulative effect of all antioxidants present in the blood of mice.
All mice were sacrificed seven days after the treatment or the first administration of the vehicle. The absorbance values of the used kit were plotted against a serial concentration of Trolox standards in the concentration range of 4—20 nM.
The generated regression line equation was utilized to calculate the Trolox equivalent total antioxidant activity of the injected compound and positive quercetin control of the experimental mice.
The average results of the total antioxidant activity of ten replicates of plasma samples were reported. The summary of the results is shown in Fig. The in vivo result reflects the in vitro antioxidant activity of the evaluated compound N - 4- tert -butyl phenyl 4-fluorophenyl methylisoxazolecarboxamide 2a.
In a similar study by Nuntiya Somparn et al. The results obtained with our tested compound showed much more potent antioxidant activity at lower concentrations compared to the positive control, that demonstrate a promising antioxidant activity, which requires further studies, including the synthesis of a series of analogs of the active compound 2a.
In this study, we tested the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of the isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives 2a-2epreviously reported as potential anticancer agents, togheter with their ability to suppress the effects of lipase and amylase enzymes.
The tested compounds resulted weak enzymatic inhibitors while showed potent scavenging activity against DPPH free radical. Compound 2a resulted the most active compound both in vitro and in vivo against free radical formation.
Despite 2a is characterized by low water solubility, it can be dissolved with a non-toxic concentration of propylene glycol and resulted more potent than Quercetin, the reference compound, in the in vivo assays.
The 3- 4-fluorophenyl methylisoxazolecarboxylic acid 1. After that, each aniline derivative 1. Re-crystallization and flash chromatography was used to purify the final products, and all compounds were characterized by using HRMS and proton NMR to confirm their structures.
The synthesis of these compounds is presented 1324 in Fig. The free DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to measure the antioxidant activity of the isoxazole derivatives.
One ml of each compound dilution was mixed with 1 ml 0. One ml of methanol was added to give a final working volume of 3 ml. The DPPH solution was freshly prepared, as it was very sensitive to light. The blank control of the series concentrations was DPPH in methanol in a ratio ofwithout the addition of any compound.
All working solutions were incubated at room temperature 25 °C in the dark for about 30 min. Optical densities were then measured with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of nm. where, A B is the recorded absorbance of the blank solution, and A ts is the recorded absorbance of the tested sample solution Mice experiments were performed in accordance with the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Animal House and Use Committee of the An-Najah National University Approve number: pharm.
In this study, twenty healthy adult male mice weight range: 24—33 g were used in the experiment. They kept four per cage in the animal house.
Mice are re-used with a minimum 7 days interval between drug testing. All experiments were performed during the light portion of the day cycle. All animals fasted over the night of the experiment.
Twenty mice were divided into four groups randomly, with five mice in each. To test the TAC of the novel compound, four groups of mice were injected intraperitoneal i.
Then, the mouse blood sample was collected and centrifuged to collect serum. Trunk blood was collected in EDTA-coated tubes for use in the kit assay 29 Using DPPH assay that basis on measures the total antioxidant capacity TAC of compounds that can transfer hydrogen atoms.
This reaction is rapid and proportional to the antioxidant capacity of the sample. The substrate, p-nitrophenyl butyrate PNPB was prepared by dissolving For each working solution, 0.
Tris—HCl was added to make the final volume of the working solutions 1 ml, and they were incubated at 37 °C for 15 min. After incubation, 0. The mixture was then incubated for a further 30 min at 37 °C. Pancreatic lipase activity was determined by measuring the hydrolysis of PNPB into p-nitrophenolate at nm, using a UV spectrophotometer.
The same procedure was repeated using Orlistat as a standard reference compound. Percentage lipase inhibition by compound dilution was calculated with the following equation:. At this point, the reaction was stopped by the addition of 0.
: Antioxidant potential| Introduction | Enzymatic Systems: include SOD, catalase CAT , glutathione peroxidase GPx , and glutathione reductase GR. Non-enzymatic systems: consist of low molecular weight antioxidants ascorbic acid, glutathione, proline, carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, etc. and high molecular weight secondary metabolites such as tannins Low molecular weight antioxidants function as redox buffers that interact with numerous cellular components and influence plant growth and development. Secondary metabolites as antioxidants: Secondary metabolites provide passive and active resistance. Applications Antioxidants play an important role in fields as varied as: Food quality and nutrition: Antioxidants play a major part in ensuring that food keep their taste and colour and remain edible over a longer period. Their use is particularly important for avoiding oxidation of fats and fat-containing products. Another important reason is that certain vitamins and various amino acids can easily be destroyed by exposure to air, and antioxidants serve to protect them. They also help to slow down the discoloration of fruit and vegetables. Supplements : Antioxidant supplements or antioxidant containing foods may be used to prevent oxidative damage, and it can decrease the risk of many diseases, such us diabetes, heart complications, neurologic disorders, etc. Furthermore, the comsuption of antioxidants help to delay the aging process,and to support inmune system, among others. Study of diseases: When the antioxidant protection is unbalanced by a series of factors, deterioration of physiological functions may occur, and in this way diseases and accelerated ageing can appear. Stability measurement of extract products and nutracuticals: Plant extracts have many utilities due to their properties, so it is important to know the conditions of the extract to ensure that the extraction is stable. Storage conditions testing : antioxidants protect against the oxdation of many compounds, so the sample can be kept longer. Methods for the determination of antioxidant activity Attending to the mechanism underlying the antioxidant— oxidant reaction, the methods were divided in hydrogen atom transfer HAT and single electron transfer SET techniques. Chromatographic Techniques Liquid chromatography High performance liquid chromatography Gas chromatography High performance thin layer chromatography Thin layer chromatography. View Cart. KF ORAC Assay Kit Antioxidant Capacity Based on the eBQC electrochemical technology: without radical initiators, it represents a measure of the global antioxidant status of the sample Discover it! Share this post, choose your platform! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn WhatsApp Email. Close product quick view ×. Quality policy Legal warning Privacy policy Terms and conditions of sale. Nosotros y nuestros socios, utilizamos cookies para almacenar y acceder a información en su dispositivo. A continuación le mostramos un panel de configuración en el que puede activar o desactivar el uso de cookies. Haciendo clic en cada una de las finalidades encontrará información sobre su finalidad y funcionamiento. Podrá cambiar sus preferencias en cualquier momento, volviendo a esta web. También puede encontrar información sobre configuración, origen y finalidades en la política de cookies. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Marek Wesolowski. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Ulewicz-Magulska, B. Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Potential of Herbs Used for Medical and Culinary Purposes. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 74 , 61—67 Download citation. Published : 29 October Issue Date : 15 March Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Download PDF. Abstract Herbs used for medical purposes are required to meet high pharmacopoeial quality standards, whereas spices used as additives to dishes and food products do not have to meet such rigorous standards. Phenolic production and antioxidant properties of some Macedonian medicinal plants Article 15 August Antioxidant Activity and Profile of Phenolic Compounds in Selected Herbal Plants Article Open access 02 July Comprehensive study on the antioxidant capacity and phenolic profiles of black seed and other spices and herbs: effect of solvent and time of extraction Article Open access 26 June Use our pre-submission checklist Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript. Introduction The human body possesses innate defense mechanisms, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, ubiquinone and uric acid, to neutralize free radicals in the form of endogenous antioxidants [ 1 , 2 ]. Materials and Methods Plant Material A set of 21 samples consisting of 10 medicinal herbs and 11 spices, all of which were obtained in powdered form, was used for analysis. Table 1 Total phenolic contents TPC and total antioxidant capacity for methanolic and water extracts of herbs and spices determined using DPPH test TAC DPPH and FRAP test TAC FRAP Full size table. Results and Discussion Previous studies Table 1 , Supplementary Materials have confirmed that medicinal herbs and spices are abundant in essential oils and phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids and flavonoid derivatives. Full size image. Conclusions This study shows that the majority of medicinal herbs and spices have similar TPC and TAC levels. Abbreviations DPPH: 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant power TAC: total antioxidant capacity TPC: total phenolic content. References Surveswaran S, Cai Y, Corke H, Sun M Systematic evaluation of natural phenolic antioxidants from Indian medicinal plants. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar Razali N, Mat-Junit S, Abdul-Muthalib AF, Subramanian S, Abdul-Aziz A Effects of various solvents on the extraction of antioxidant phenolics from the leaves, seeds, veins and skins of Tamarindus indica. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar Maisuthisakul P, Pasuk S, Ritthiruangdejc P Relationship between antioxidant properties and chemical composition of some Thai plants. J Food Compos Anal — Article CAS Google Scholar Kim IS, Yang MR, Lee OH, Kang SH Antioxidant activities of hot water extracts from various spices. 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Copy to clipboard. search Search by keyword or author Search. Navigation Find a journal Publish with us Track your research. dioica leaves to help retain the phenolics and antioxidant properties. Figure 4. Boiled S, boil cooked supernatant; Steamed S, steam-cooked supernatant; Untreated S, raw supernatant; Boiled R, boiled cooked residue extract; Steamed R, steam-cooked residue extract; Untreated R, raw residue extract. In this study, organic extracts of leafy vegetables commonly used by the local people of the Sikkim Himalayan region were evaluated for their phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity. The MeOH extract of U. dioica leaves among others was estimated to have higher TPC, TFC, and displayed significant antioxidant activity. The effects of cooking methods and GI digestion on the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity demonstrated that steam-cooked and digested leaves retained greater TPC and TFC, and antioxidant activity. The findings of this study could serve as a source of information in promoting the consumption of leafy vegetables in the SHR region and in the use of a definite cooking process to retain their antioxidant properties. Moreover, further research on the chemical efficacies of steam-cooked U. dioica leaves can be evaluated in vivo. SS: methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis, visualization, and writing—original draft. SPad: methodology, investigation, visualization, and data curation. MK: methodology, investigation, and data curation. SPat: resources, writing—review and editing, and supervision. DS: conceptualization, resources, writing—review and editing, visualization, supervision, and project administration. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. The authors would like to acknowledge the Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development and Department of Biotechnology, Government of India for the financial support. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Hossain A, Khatun MA, Islam M, Huque R. Enhancement of antioxidant Quality of Green leafy vegetables upon different cooking method. Prev Nutr Food Sci. doi: PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Sarker U, Oba S. Drought stress enhances nutritional and bioactive compounds, phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity of Amaranthus leafy vegetable. BMC Plant Biol. Catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes confer drought tolerance of A. 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Relationship of fruit and vegetable intake to dietary antioxidant capacity and markers of oxidative stress: a sex-related study. Zhang D, Hamauzu Y. Phenolics, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and antioxidant activity of broccoli and their changes during conventional and microwave cooking. CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Miglio C, Chiavaro E, Visconti A, Fogliano V, Pellegrini N. Effects of different cooking methods on nutritional and physicochemical characteristics of selected vegetables. J Agric Food Chem. Gunathilake KDPP, Ranaweera KKDS, Rupasinghe HPV. Influence of boiling, steaming and frying of selected leafy vegetables on the in vitro anti-inflammation associated biological activities. Preti R, Rapa M, Vinci G. Effect of steaming and boiling on the antioxidant properties and biogenic amines content in green bean Phaseolus vulgaris varieties of different colors. J Food Qual. Dasgupta S. 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Application of native lactic acid bacteria for fermentative recovery of lipids and proteins from fish processing waste: Bioactivities of fermentation products. J Aquat Food Prod Technol. Minekus M, Alminger M, Alvito P, Ballance S, Bohn T, Bourlieu C, et al. A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food-An international consensus. Food Funct. Chakrabarty T, Sarker U, Hasan M, Rahman MM. Variability in mineral compositions, yield and yield contributing traits of stem amaranth. Amaranthus lividus Genetika. Sarker U, Islam MT, Rabbani MG, Oba S. Genotypic diversity in vegetable amaranth for antioxidant, nutrient and agronomic traits. Indian J Genet Pl Br. Protein, dietary fiber, minerals, antioxidant pigments and phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity in selected red morph Amaranthus leafy vegetable. PLoS ONE. Zihad SMNK, Gupt Y, Uddin SJ, Islam MT, Alam MR, Aziz S, Hossain M, Shilpi JA, Nahar L, Sarker SD. 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| Plants Antioxidant Potential - BQC - Bioquochem | Int J Food Sci Technol. Effects of growth stage and seasons on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activities of crude extracts of Celosia argentea L. BMC Complem Alternative Med. Alfaro, S. Farooq S, Ngaini Z Natural and synthetic drugs as potential treatment for coronavirus disease COVID An insightful overview of the distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the marine sediments of the Red Sea. |
| Antioxidant potential of medicinal plants | Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology | The stability Antioxidant potential the Antioxidan phenoxyl radicals increases Antipxidant antioxidant properties and the ability of Antioxidant potential compounds containing multiple Energy balance and eating habits groups to Antioxixant oxidized Antioxidant potential radicals, as well as preventing the Antioxidant potential Antioxidatn free radicals due to lipid peroxidation Unal, E. In some plants, the antioxidant activity might be due to unknown compounds or synergistic interactions between different materials. Gordon, M. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Another important reason is that certain vitamins and various amino acids can easily be destroyed by exposure to air, and antioxidants serve to protect them. |
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