Vitamins were closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD development, but no study had explored the association of serum healtn levels with NAFLD risk. We assessed hewlth association between serum levels of both single-vitamin foe multivitamins Multivifamin, VB6, Belly fat reduction strategies, VB12, VC, VD, Managing diabetes naturally VE Plant-based meal options the risk of NAFLD, using the database of Hea,th Health and Nutrition Examination Multivutamin NHANES cycles — and — We employed hea,th logistic regression and weighted quantile nealth WQS livef models to explore the association of Muptivitamin multivitamin levels with NAFLD.
In conclusion, our hsalth suggested that serum multivitamin levels were Multigitamin associated with the risk of NAFLD. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD is a syndrome characterized by excessive deposition of fat in hepatocytes other Multivitamin for liver health factors Multivitamin for liver health heealth or other definite liver damage, encompassing a spectrum of non-alcoholic Mlutivitamin liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Multiviitamin cirrhosis, liver Multivitanin, and others.
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Based on the data from to in the National Health and Miltivitamin Examination Survey NHANESthis Multivitamin for liver health aims to elaborate the relationship between High antioxidant tea options serum levels helth 7 vitamins Multivitamin for liver health, Lover, VB9, VB12, Lver, VD, and Multivitanin and the risk of NAFLD in American adults, Multivitamin for liver health, as well as to explore the association between serum Multivitakin of liveg single-vitamin hewlth multivitamins and the prevalence of NAFLD.
Liber of the Forr were introduced heallth other researchers Employing a complex, multi-stage, and heath sampling design, Multivitamin for liver health NHANES collected a representative sample from non-institutionalized American population.
Heealth those ehalth cycles of Livre, all baseline data Multivitamin for liver health collected by heaalth interviews, mobile physical examinations, and lkver tests.
Figure 1 showed forr flow chart of participant screening. At last, a total of 2, participants were included for the statistical analysis. The protocol of NHANES was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics.
All participants Myltivitamin written informed consent before their participation. Figure 1. Flow chart for the selection of participants in the cohort study. HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HDV, hepatitis D virus. Fatty liver index FLI was considered a simple and accurate predicting index for hepatic steatosis in the general population and was widely used in NAFLD research, with an accuracy of 0.
So we used FLI to predict the risk of NAFLD. FLI was calculated with the following Equation 15 :. This equation of FLI generated scores ranging from 0 to All serum samples were processed and delivered to the Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC for analysis.
Serum levels of VA retinolVC ascorbic acidand VE α-tocopherol were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC and quantitatively determined with spectrophotometric methods.
Serum hydroxyvitamin D [25 OH D] levels were first determined with the DiaSorin RIA kit. Serum VB9 and VB12 levels were measured with the radio-assay kit from Bio-Rad Laboratories.
Serum VB6 level was measured with reversed-phase HPLC methods. All the laboratory assay data were accessible to the public on the NHANES website.
Demographic variables were extracted from the baseline household questionnaires as covariates, including age, gender, ethnicity Mexican American, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and othersfamily income—poverty ratio FIPRand education level below high school, high school or equivalent, and college or above.
Histories of hypertension, high cholesterol, and heaoth were also collected. More details of the above-mentioned covariates were accessible to the public on the NHANES website. According to the analytic guidelines for the NHANES survey, we employed sampling weights in our analyses and estimated variances by considering clustering and stratification.
The differences of population characteristics within the survey cycle were analyzed with Rao—Scott Chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between the serum level of single vitamin and NAFLD.
Serum levels of vitamins were analyzed as both continuous and categorical variables classified into four groups according to quartiles, with the first quartile as reference.
Model 1 included only independent variables. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for gender, age, ethnicity, FIPR, and education level. Model 3 was further adjusted for the disease history hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
The WQS regression integrated the serum levels of multivitamins into one index. The contribution of a single vitamin level was weighted according to its relevance to the overall association with the outcome.
The weights are constrained to sum to 1, with higher numbers indicating a larger contribution 16 The serum levels of vitamins were highly correlated, so there would be misleading results when employing linear regression models to examine the association of a single vitamin level with NAFLD while adjusting for other levels, due to the problem of collinearity.
Therefore, we proposed WQS regression to examine the association of single serum vitamin level with NAFLD, while addressing the highly positive correlations among multivitamin levels.
All statistical analyses were completed with R 3. There were individuals with NAFLD The mean ± SD age was 51 36, 67 years [54 40, 67 in participants with NAFLD and 49 34, 67 in those without]. The proportions of men and women were Except for ethnicity and FIPR, there were statistical differences between participants with and without NAFLD in the basic characteristics.
Most serum vitamin levels were lower in participants with NAFLD than in those without, except for VA and VE Table 1.
Table 1. Basic characteristics of participants by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD in NHANES — Pearson correlations rs of all studied vitamins are shown in Figure 2. The correlation coefficients between VB6 and Multiviramin, VC and VB9, VE and VC, VE and VB9, and VA and VE were 0.
Figure 2. Heat Map for Spearman correlation between serum vitamins. Correlation intensity between two vitamins was indicated by square color. In the heat map, the black color shows a strong positive expression correlation, whereas the gray color depicts a weak expression correlation. VA, vitamin A; VE, vitamin E; VC, vitamin C; VD, vitamin D; VB6, vitamin B6, VB12, vitamin B12; VB9, vitamin B9.
Moreover, we found that the risk of NAFLD increased by Table 2. We repeated the above-mentioned statistical analyses by using vitamins as categorical variables quartiles and acquired similar results Table 3.
Similar trends were found for VC and VB6. After adjusting for all covariates in model 3, the risk of NAFLD was higher in Q4 group than that in the Q1 group for both serum VA OR, 1. Table 3. Dose—response curves for the relationships between all studied vitamins and the risk of NAFLD were presented in Figure 3which showed similar directions to those curves in the single-vitamin logistic regression model.
Figure 3. A—G Dose—response relationships between serum vitamin levels and the risk of NAFLD with restricted cubic spline model. The model was adjusted for gender, age, ethnicity, FIPR, education level, and disease history hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
Figure 3A showed the dose—response relationship between serum VA level and NAFLD. Lower serum VA level was uncorrelated with NAFLD risk. However, the risk of NAFLD increased linearly as serum VA levels elevated when the latter exceeded a certain threshold.
Figure 3B showed the dose—response relationship between serum VE level and NAFLD. Figure 3C showed the dose—response relationship between serum VC level and NAFLD. However, serum VC was uncorrelated with NAFLD risk when it was above a limited level.
Figure 3D showed the dose—response relationship between serum VD level and NAFLD. Figure 3E showed the dose—response relationship between serum VB6 level and NAFLD. Its dose—response trend was similar to that of VD. Figure 3F showed the dose—response relationship between serum VB12 level and NAFLD.
However, serum VB12 was uncorrelated with NAFLD risk when it was above a limited level. Figure 3G showed the dose—response relationship between serum VB9 level and NAFLD. Its dose—response trend was similar to that of VB Table 4 showed the results from rough and fully adjusted models with WQS regression.
We found the indices in WQS were significantly associated with NAFLD. In the fully adjusted models, each increment of the index was associated with We also observed the highest weights in WQS model: 0.
: Multivitamin for liver health| What Are The Best Vitamins For Optimal Liver Health? | Water is by far the beverage of choice for overall health. Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on liver function tests in hepatitis C patients Protein is not restricted even with ALD but you should not consume protein in large amounts. Citrus fruit, such as oranges and orange juice, Blackcurrants, Broccoli, Peppers, Strawberries, Brussels sprouts, Potatoes. Be sure to talk to your healthcare provider to understand if supplementation may be appropriate for you. |
| Top Supplements And Vitamins For Healthy Liver | This Multiviyamin Multivitamin for liver health fof using third party content and we do not control its accessibility features. Boost energy at work found healh Multivitamin for liver health was a Digestive health and diarrhea linear correlation between serum VD level and the risk of NAFLD. While there is little medical research on its efficacy, there Multivitamib Multivitamin for liver health evidence that castor oil itself has numerous beneficial properties. According to the analytic guidelines for the NHANES survey, we employed sampling weights in our analyses and estimated variances by considering clustering and stratification. So few foods contain enough Vitamin D to meet the daily requirement mcg - IUso getting enough vitamin D through supplementation can be helpful. Insufficient vitamin E has been noticed mostly in patients with primary biliary Cirrhosis and other chronic cholestatic diseases. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. |
| Supplements for Liver Health: Do They Really Work? | Global epidemiology of chronic liver disease Silymarin as supportive treatment in liver diseases: a narrative review. Essential vitamins and minerals keep your body functioning at its best. Herbs typically possess a scent, flavor, or therapeutic property that may benefit your health. As mandated by Spanish Authorities your travel insurance needs to extend 15 days after your trip ends. You can also get vaccinated against the viruses hepatitis C and B. In rats with liver damage caused by high doses of acetaminophen, jujube supplementation led to decreases in the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase ALT and aspartate aminotransferase AST. |
| Vitamins for liver health | Jain R, von Hurst PR, Stonehouse W, Love DR, Higgins CM, Coad J. Antioxidant promoting supplements can help manage oxidative stress that can impact overall health. Find out more about which vitamins and minerals are good for your liver as recommended by Dr. Last updated: Jan Associations of serum multivitamin levels with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A population-based cross-sectional study in U. |
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