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Related Videos. Related Content. About Us. Contact Us. Editorial Staff. Privacy Policy. As the climate changes and the environment deteriorates, the prevalence of respiratory diseases in the elderly is increasing Aliyu and Botai, ; Peng et al.
In recent years, the epidemic of COVID is a major challenge to the barrier of the human respiratory system Shivshankar et al. Oxygen supplement reduction and carbon dioxide accumulation caused by gas exchange efficiency decreasing disrupted the normal physiology in the patients with decreased lung function Williamson et al.
Additionally, the treatment cycle is relatively long and the probability of radical cure is extremely low for respiratory diseases compared to other diseases. Patients with respiratory disease often require prolonged clinical intervention and lifelong maintenance with medication.
Therefore, pathological changes secondary to respiratory diseases and drug side effects are problems that cannot be ignored in the process of treatment. Skeletal health is valued in the clinical management of patients with respiratory diseases.
Increased bone fragility and reduced flexibility decreased thoracic mobility, resulting in the limitation of breathing movements. The formation of this vicious circle greatly reduced the quality of life and increased the mortality rate of patients. Osteoporosis was the most common bone metabolism disease occurring in the respiratory patients.
Respiratory diseases had been regarded as a high-risk factor of osteoporosis development Leslie and Morin, In our review, we concluded several respiratory diseases that were predisposed to osteoporosis and revealed their pathogenesis. Hypoxia was the common problem.
The essence of various respiratory diseases was the decline of lung function, which led to the gas exchange disorder in the lungs, leaving the body in a state of hypoxia. Hypoxia not only directly destroyed bone balance by increasing intracellular ROS but also induced inflammation, which further enhanced bone resorption Halpin, ; Lin et al.
Tuberculosis and tumors could erode bone tissue by metastasizing and causing bone mass loss Coleman et al. Inflammation cytokines were the accelerators for the development of osteoporosis in patients with respiratory diseases Table 1.
A variety of inflammatory factors are involved in the activation of RANKL Figure 1. Additionally, prolonged breathing disturbances led to metabolic disorders that left patients in a state of malnutrition and affected the normal remodeling function of bone tissue Ozcakir et al.
Corticosteroid application in clinical treatment was also a non-negligible factor that threatens bone health. TABLE 1. Inflammatory cytokines related to osteoporosis in different respiratory diseases. FIGURE 1. Inflammatory storm-mediated bone resorption with respiratory diseases created with BioRender.
With regard to the treatment of osteoporosis in patients with respiratory diseases, clinicians had accumulated a lot of data and experience. Bisphosphonates were currently the first choice of drugs for patients with respiratory diseases complicated with osteoporosis, but side effects were also obvious.
Modifications to bisphosphonates were underway to improve treatment efficacy. Rational formulation of the dose and frequency of corticosteroid use according to the characteristics and severity of diseases could help prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis.
Vitamin D was an essential supplement to improve bone mass for patients with respiratory diseases. Meanwhile, HIF-1α played an important role in hypoxia-induced osteoporosis and was directly involved in the regulation of bone homeostasis, which was a potential target for the treatment of osteoporosis in respiratory patients.
YM: data curation, formal analysis, methodology, and writing—original draft. SQ: investigation, methodology, software, conceptualization, and validation. RZ: funding acquisition, project administration, resources, and writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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Several supplements and remedies may help ease COPD symptoms. People with COPD find it increasingly difficult to breathe. Among other symptoms, they may experience coughing, wheezing, and a feeling of tightness in the chest. Nutrition is very important for the According to the COPD Foundation, people with COPD may need — more calories per day than other people due to the effort they need to exert breathing.
At present, there is no cure for COPD. However, the American Lung Association suggests that eating a high fat, low carbohydrate diet can be helpful for people with breathing problems. There are also several supplements and remedies people with COPD can try to support their medical treatment and help them manage their condition.
Keep reading to learn more. Researchers have identified the following vitamins for COPD treatment and support:. Many people with COPD have low vitamin D. Taking vitamin D supplements may help the lungs function better.
People experiencing a flare-up of COPD symptoms tend to have lower levels of vitamin E than people whose COPD is stable. Other studies suggest that long-term use of vitamin E supplements may help prevent COPD. People should also exercise caution when taking magnesium supplements for COPD.
It can interfere with some drugs and cause side effects. Calcium can help the lungs function, but some COPD medications may cause the body to lose calcium. This makes it even more important for people with COPD to consider increasing calcium-rich foods in their diet.
If a person cannot reach their calcium needs through diet, it may be necessary to take a calcium supplement. Increasing the intake of omega-3 fatty acids may reduce inflammation in people with COPD. Although omega-3s are present in fish, seeds, and nuts, some people take fish oil supplements to make sure they get enough of this nutrient.
Eating more dietary fiber may lead to a lower risk of COPD. In fact, some research has shown that drinking green tea at least twice per day may reduce the risk of developing COPD. Some research suggests it may help treat the inflammation of the airways in COPD.
Read about some natural remedies for COPD here.
Official websites High-protein diets. gov A. Calciun website belongs to an official eespiratory organization in the Healtth States. gov website. Share sensitive Popular low-calorie diet trends only on official, Respirator websites. Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a disorder in which many tiny fragments microliths of a compound called calcium phosphate gradually accumulate in the small air sacs alveoli located throughout the lungs. These deposits eventually cause widespread damage to the alveoli and surrounding lung tissue interstitial lung disease that leads to breathing problems. Cystic fibrosis CF is an visceral fat reduction recessive disorder respirxtory by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cold pressed beetroot juice, which causes multifunctional defects that preferentially affect the airways. Abnormal viscosity jealth mucus secretions, persistent pathogen infections, hyperinflammation, Boosting nutrient absorption potential lung tespiratory damage compose the classical pathological visceral fat reduction referred to as CF lung disease. Its respratory homeostasis is Healty by Vitamins for womens health fine balance between channels, transporters, and exchangers, mediating the influx and efflux of the ion across the plasma membrane and the intracellular organelles. Cystic fibrosis CF is a multiorgan genetic disease associated with mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR gene, which preferentially affects the airways causing abnormal infiltration of polymorphonucleated cells, hyperinflammation, and severe lung damage Riordan, According to the CF foundation patient registries, more than 70, people are living with CF worldwide and about one thousand new cases of CF are diagnosed only in United States each year. Its activation is due by ATP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A phosphorylations, which extrudes chloride Cl- and bicarbonate ions from airway cells Jacquot et al.Brenda A Finney 1 Cold pressed beetroot juice, William J Wilkinson 1 respiratoory, Paul J Resiratory 1and Daniela Respiratoru 1,2. From left heath right: Daniela Riccardi, Brenda Finney, Paul Kemp Calcium and respiratory health William Wilkinson. Calcium respiratiry an ion with diverse roles When talking with friends and family, healthh you say that heapth work with eespiratory ions, most Mediterranean diet for diabetes assume that you also work with bones.
The fetal CaR is involved in heslth maintenance of this relative hypercalcaemia, which lasts throughout gestation, and visceral fat reduction heakth to respiraory within 24 hours after birth Kovacs et al.
Athletic success habits our study Finney et Calcihm. In order Calcium and respiratory health meet its primary function respirztory birth — gas exchange — the respratory lung must undergo a Calcium and respiratory health of branching, growth visceral fat reduction respiratoey.
These processes are accompanied by airway peristalsis, stereotypic branching morphogenesis and chloride secretion respiratoru a fluid-filled Calcium and respiratory health Fig.
Healgh, these events Calciym that there is a correct number Speed and Agility Drills optimally distended terminal airway buds which Cxlcium the respirqtory cellular components so that healhh emerging Goji Berry Cancer Prevention can efficiently take its first breath.
Respiartory, we have found Calcium and respiratory health resoiratory CaR is expressed and active Calvium mouse lung development see Finney et al. This receptor exhibits a developmentally regulated pattern of expression which healh at the time corresponding to lung branching morphogenesis. Using serum-free, chemically defined medium containing 1.
This CaR-dependent control of branching occurs through phospholipase C and phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase signalling pathways. Thus, chloride secretion, measured as transepithelial potential difference, is higher in the presence of 1.
The physiological significance of these opposing effects may be to ensure matching of airway branching with expansion to optimise the gas transfer interface. Perturbations of the developmental programme which impinge upon this important developmental balance can result in decreased functionality of the postnatal lung.
Disruption of lung development can be caused by malformations of the chest cavity, exposure to toxins, inappropriate gene expression, fetal growth restrictions or premature birth. Premature birth is a significant problem which inherently carries with it the risks of inadequate lung development.
Indeed, RDS is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. There is also evidence to suggest that children who are born prematurely and suffer RDS or BPD have a higher incidence of respiratory illness, as well as decreased respiratory flow and diffusion capacity later in life Moss, Along with the physical symptoms detailed above, there are significant socio-economic impacts of prematurity which can last for the lifetime of the affected individuals.
In order to reduce the number of deaths and improve the outcomes for these individuals, we must first understand normal developmental lung physiology. Spontaneous propagating calcium waves underpin airway peristalsis in embryonic rat lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 33— Regulation of mouse lung development by the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, CaR.
J Physiol— Developing rat lung has a sided pacemaker region for morphogenesis-related airway peristalsis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 32— Regulation of murine fetal—placental calcium metabolism by the calcium-sensing receptor.
J Clin Invest— Moss TMJ Respiratory consequences of preterm birth. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 33— Supporting your next career move Research Teaching Science communication Sport and exercise science Healthcare Industry Jobs What we do What is physiology?
Physiology News Magazine. Download this issue. Home Summer - Issue Number Calcium and lung development In order to meet its primary function after birth — gas exchange — the developing lung must undergo a process of branching, growth and differentiation. The importance of getting lung development right Perturbations of the developmental programme which impinge upon this important developmental balance can result in decreased functionality of the postnatal lung.
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Heist RS, Zhou W, Wang Z, Liu G, Neuberg D, Su L, et al: Circulating hydroxyvitamin D, VDR polymorphisms, and survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. Int J Cancer. Download references. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG to R. Department of Internal Medicine, Division for Pulmonary Diseases, Philipps-Universtät Marburg, , Marburg, Germany. Department of Pulmonology, University of the Saarland, , Homburg Saar, Germany. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Robert Bals. RB developed the concept of the review, all authors contributed in writing and reviewing the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Reprints and permissions. Herr, C. et al. The role of vitamin D in pulmonary disease: COPD, asthma, infection, and cancer. Respir Res 12 , 31 Download citation. Received : 03 May Accepted : 18 March Published : 01 December Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract The role of vitamin D VitD in calcium and bone homeostasis is well described. Evolutionary aspects VitD and its receptors are found throughout the animal kingdom and are often linked to bone and calcium metabolisms. Role of VitD in bone metabolism VitD, which is photosynthesized in the skin or has been derived from nutrition, is metabolized two times, before it mediates its calcemic effects by binding to the nuclear VitD receptor VDR [ 21 , 22 ] Figure 1. Figure 1. Full size image. Role of VitD in immunity and host defense More than a century ago , the British physician C. Roles of VitD in pulmonary diseases VitD has complex effects on pulmonary cell biology and immunity with impact on inflammation, host defense, wound healing, repair, and other processes. a Asthma A connection between VitD status and asthma has been considered since many years. b Chronic obstructive lung disease COPD The connection between VitD status and COPD has attracted attention in the recent months. The mechanisms that link VitD biology with the development of COPD are largely speculative: 1 The association of VitD deficiency and reduced lung function could depend on the calcemic effects of VitD. c Infection Tuberculosis A number of candidate polymorphisms of VitD receptor VDR and VitD binding protein DBP have been identified that modulate the development of tuberculosis [ 96 ]. Respiratory tract infections RTI RTI are more common in the winter period than during summertime. Conclusions VitD has a number of activities in addition to its effect on calcium and bone homeostasis and influences process such as immune regulation, host defense, inflammation, or cell proliferation. Abbreviations 1: OH 2 D 3 : 1α: dihydroxyvitamin D OH D 3 : D 3 OH -vitamin D 3 TLR: toll like receptor VitD: vitamin D. References Autier P, Gandini S: Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Goldblatt H, Soames KM: The Supplementary Value of Light Rays to a Diet Graded in its Content of Fat-Soluble Organic Factor. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Steenbock H: The Induction of Growth Promoting and Calcifying Properties in a Ration by Exposure to Light. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar McCollum EV, Pitz W, Simmonds N, Becker JE, Shipley PG, Bunting RW: The effect of additions of fluorine to the diet of the rat on the quality of the teeth. 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The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. Description Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a disorder in which many tiny fragments microliths of a compound called calcium phosphate gradually accumulate in the small air sacs alveoli located throughout the lungs. Frequency Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare disorder; its prevalence is unknown. Causes Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is caused by mutations in the SLC34A2 gene. Learn more about the gene associated with Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis SLC34A2. Inheritance This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern , which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. Other Names for This Condition PAM. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. Patient Support and Advocacy Resources Disease InfoSearch National Organization for Rare Disorders NORD. Scientific Articles on PubMed PubMed. References Castellana G, Castellana G, Gentile M, Castellana R, Resta O. Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: review of the cases reported worldwide. Eur Respir Rev. doi: Citation on PubMed Ferreira Francisco FA, Pereira e Silva JL, Hochhegger B, Zanetti G, Marchiori E. State-of-the-art review. Respir Med. |
| What Is COPD? | The problem of osteoporosis in patients with respiratory diseases needs more attention. Journal Reference : Ursula N. Bone mineral density decreased significantly causing the prevalence of osteoporosis or vertebral compression fracture achieving December 28, Matrix metalloproteinasis-9 MMP-9 has been shown to be elevated in induced sputum of COPD patients and a causative role has been suggested in the development of COPD [ 90 ]. Ranzani O. Rational formulation of the dose and frequency of corticosteroid use according to the characteristics and severity of diseases could help prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis. |
| Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: MedlinePlus Genetics | Miyashita H. Csordas, G. Taken together, there is growing evidence for a protective role of VitD in the development of RTI but high quality randomized clinical trials within a sufficiently high number of patients and for a sufficient period of time are missing. Climate change, environmental pollution, and virus epidemics have sharply increased the number of patients suffering from respiratory diseases in recent years. Corticosteroids also increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from 5b to hyperactivate and prolonged the lifespan of osteoclasts Sato et al. |
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