Asmat U, Abad K, Ismail K. Diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress-a concise review. Saudi Pharma J Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins JB 3rd.

Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: a review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol ; Farid R, Mirfeizi Z Mirheidari M Z Rezaieyazdi Mansouri H Esmaelli H. Pycnogenol® supplementation reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adults with knee osteoarthritis.

Nutrition Research ; Roseff SJ, Gulati R. Improvement of sperm quality by pycnogenol. Eur Bull Drug Res ; Durackova, B. Trebatický V. Novotný I. Žit®anová J. Lipid metabolism and erectile function improvement by Pycnogenol®, extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster in patients suffering from erectile dysfunction - a pilot study.

Hosseini S, Pishnamazi S Sadrzadeh SMH Farid F Farid R Watson RR. Pycnogenol in the management of asthma. J Medicinal Food ; Durackova, Z.

Lipid metabolism and erectile dysfunction improvement by Pycnogenol R , extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster in patients suffering from erectile dysfunction -- a pilot study. Kohama T, Negami M.

Effect of Low-dose French Maritime Pine Bark Extract on Climacteric Syndrome in Perimenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. J Reproductive Med ; Schmidtke I, Schoop W.

Pycnogenol: stasis oedema and its medical treatment. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur GanzheitsMedizin ; Hosseini, S. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, prospective 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol R in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients.

Wang S, Tan D Zhao Y et al. The effect of pycnogenol on the microcirculation, platelet function and ischemic myocardium in patients with coronary artery diseases. Wei, Z. Pycnogenol enhances endothelial cell antioxidant defenses.

Redox Report ; Virgili, F. Procyanidins extracted from Pinus maritima Pycnogenol : scavengers of free radical species and modulators of nitrogen monoxide metabolism in activated murine RAW Free Radic. Biol Med ;24 Macrides, T.

A comparison of the hydroxyl radical scavenging properties of the shark bile steroid 5 beta-scymnol and plant pycnogenols. Biochem Mol Biol Int ; Noda, Y. Hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of natural source antioxidants using the computerized JES-FR30 ESR spectrometer system.

Furumura, M. Oral administration of French maritime pine bark extract Flavangenol R improves clinical symptoms in photoaged facial skin. Aging ; Perera, N. Phlebotonics for haemorrhoids. Schoonees, A. Pycnogenol R extract of French maritime pine bark for the treatment of chronic disorders. Pycnogenol R for the treatment of chronic disorders.

Marini, A. Pycnogenol R effects on skin elasticity and hydration coincide with increased gene expressions of collagen type I and hyaluronic acid synthase in women. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol ; Mach, J. Enseleit, F.

Effects of Pycnogenol on endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.

Heart J. Luzzi, R. Pycnogenol R supplementation improves cognitive function, attention and mental performance in students. Errichi, S. Supplementation with Pycnogenol R improves signs and symptoms of menopausal transition. Belcaro, G. Pycnogenol R improvements in asthma management.

Errichi, B. Prevention of post thrombotic syndrome with Pycnogenol R in a twelve month study. Aoki, H. Clinical assessment of a supplement of Pycnogenol R and L-arginine in Japanese patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction.

Ohkita, M. Pharmacology in health foods: improvement of vascular endothelial function by French maritime pine bark extract Flavangenol. Dvorakova, M. How does pycnogenol R influence oxidative damage to DNA and its repair ability in elderly people? Henrotin, Y. Nutraceuticals: do they represent a new era in the management of osteoarthritis?

Pavone, C. Safety and efficacy in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms. Prospective study on patients]. Drieling, R.

No beneficial effects of pine bark extract on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Reuter, J. Which plant for which skin disease? Part 2: Dermatophytes, chronic venous insufficiency, photoprotection, actinic keratoses, vitiligo, hair loss, cosmetic indications.

Grossi, M. Improvement in cochlear flow with Pycnogenol R in patients with tinnitus: a pilot evaluation. Stuard, S. Kidney function in metabolic syndrome may be improved with Pycnogenol R. Cesarone, M. Improvement of signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency and microangiopathy with Pycnogenol: a prospective, controlled study.

Kidney flow and function in hypertension: protective effects of pycnogenol in hypertensive participants--a controlled study. Pycnogenol treatment of acute hemorrhoidal episodes. Steigerwalt, R. Pycnogenol improves microcirculation, retinal edema, and visual acuity in early diabetic retinopathy.

Daily consumption of Reliv Glucaffect for 8 weeks significantly lowered blood glucose and body weight in 50 subjects. Rucklidge, J. Nutrient supplementation approaches in the treatment of ADHD. Zibadi, S. Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes by Pycnogenol supplementation.

Variations in C-reactive protein, plasma free radicals and fibrinogen values in patients with osteoarthritis treated with Pycnogenol. Ryan, J. An examination of the effects of the antioxidant Pycnogenol on cognitive performance, serum lipid profile, endocrinological and oxidative stress biomarkers in an elderly population.

J Psychopharmacol. Cisar, P. Effect of pine bark extract Pycnogenol on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Suzuki, N. French maritime pine bark extract significantly lowers the requirement for analgesic medication in dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

J Reprod. Treatment of osteoarthritis with Pycnogenol. The SVOS San Valentino Osteo-arthrosis Study. Evaluation of signs, symptoms, physical performance and vascular aspects.

Urinary catecholamines in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD : modulation by a polyphenolic extract from pine bark pycnogenol. Nikolova, V. Sofiia ; Angiology ; Chovanova, Z.

Res ; The effect of polyphenolic extract from pine bark, Pycnogenol on the level of glutathione in children suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD. Voss, P. Ferritin oxidation and proteasomal degradation: protection by antioxidants.

Diabetic ulcers: microcirculatory improvement and faster healing with pycnogenol. Ahn, J. Effects of plant extracts on microbial growth, color change, and lipid oxidation in cooked beef. Food Microbiol. Grimm, T.

Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of maritime pine bark extract pycnogenol after oral administration to healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol ; Comparison of Pycnogenol and Daflon in treating chronic venous insufficiency: a prospective, controlled study.

Clin Appl Thromb. Trebaticka, J. Treatment of ADHD with French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry ; Chayasirisobhon, S. Use of a pine bark extract and antioxidant vitamin combination product as therapy for migraine in patients refractory to pharmacologic medication.

Headache ; Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and MMP-9 secretion by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol.

J Inflamm. Lond ; Schafer, A. Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol.

Venous ulcers: microcirculatory improvement and faster healing with local use of Pycnogenol. Baumann, L. How to prevent photoaging? J Invest Dermatol. Torras, M.

Antimicrobial activity of Pycnogenol. Thornfeldt, C. Cosmeceuticals containing herbs: fact, fiction, and future. Prevention of edema in long flights with Pycnogenol. Clin Appl. Huang, W. Pycnogenol induces differentiation and apoptosis in human promyeloid leukemia HL cells.

Segger, D. and Schonlau, F. Supplementation with Evelle improves skin smoothness and elasticity in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 62 women. J Dermatolog. Mochizuki, M. and Hasegawa, N. Pycnogenol stimulates lipolysis in 3t3-L1 cells via stimulation of beta-receptor mediated activity.

Therapeutic efficacy of pycnogenol in experimental inflammatory bowel diseases. Dene, B. Effects of antioxidant treatment on normal and diabetic rat retinal enzyme activities. J Ocul. Pharmacol Ther ; Berryman, A.

Influence of treatment of diabetic rats with combinations of pycnogenol, beta-carotene, and alpha-lipoic acid on parameters of oxidative stress. Nelson, A. Pycnogenol inhibits macrophage oxidative burst, lipoprotein oxidation, and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage.

Drug Dev. Ind Pharm ; Kim, Y. and Park, H. The effects of Pycnogenol on DNA damage in vitro and expression of superoxide dismutase and HP1 in Escherichia coli SOD and catalase deficient mutant cells. Prevention of venous thrombosis and thrombophlebitis in long-haul flights with pycnogenol.

Siler-Marsiglio, K. Protective mechanisms of pycnogenol in ethanol-insulted cerebellar granule cells. J Neurobiol. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of natural extracts in vitro and in ground beef. J Food Prot. Liu, X. Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients.

Life Sci ; Zhang, D. Pycnogenol in cigarette filters scavenges free radicals and reduces mutagenicity and toxicity of tobacco smoke in vivo. Toxicol Ind Health ; Maritim, A. Effects of pycnogenol treatment on oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pycnogenol R in the Management of Asthma.

J Med Food ; Sharma, S. Pycnogenol inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells. Devaraj, S. Supplementation with a pine bark extract rich in polyphenols increases plasma antioxidant capacity and alters the plasma lipoprotein profile.

Lipids ; Roseff, S. Improvement in sperm quality and function with French maritime pine tree bark extract. J Reprod Med ; Ni, Z. Treatment of melasma with Pycnogenol.

Kimbrough, C. Peng, Q. Pycnogenol protects neurons from amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis. Brain Res Mol Brain Res ; Cho, K. Inhibition mechanisms of bioflavonoids extracted from the bark of Pinus maritima on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Ann N Y Acad Sci ; Kim, H. and Healey, J.

Effects of pine bark extract administered to immunosuppressed adult mice infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Am J Chin Med ;29 Stefanescu, M.

Pycnogenol efficacy in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Effect of bioflavonoids extracted from the bark of Pinus maritima on proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW Toxicol Appl. Pharmacol ; Huynh, H.

and Teel, R. Selective induction of apoptosis in human mammary cancer cells MCF-7 by pycnogenol. Anticancer Res ; Pycnogenol inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation and adhesion molecule expression in human vascular endothelial cells.

Cell Mol Life Sci ; Araghi-Niknam, M. Pine bark extract reduces platelet aggregation. Moini, H. Bioflavonoid effects on the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain and cytochrome c redox state.

Rep ;4 Bors, W. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of radical species of proanthocyanidins and gallate esters. Arch Biochem Biophys.

Kobayashi, M. Antioxidants and herbal extracts protect HT-4 neuronal cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Hasegawa, N. Stimulation of lipolysis by pycnogenol. Packer, L. Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine Pinus maritima bark, pycnogenol.

Biol Med ;27 Effects of intragastrically administered Pycnogenol on NNK metabolism in F rats. Anticancer Res ;19 3A Effects of pycnogenol on the microsomal metabolism of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK as a function of age. Cancer Lett ; Panminerva Med ;52 2 Suppl 1 Clark, C.

Herbal interventions for chronic asthma in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Care Respir. J ; Effects of Mirtogenol on ocular blood flow and intraocular hypertension in asymptomatic subjects.

Mol Vis ; Ledda, A. Investigation of a complex plant extract for mild to moderate erectile dysfunction in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. Stanislavov, R. Improvement of seminal parameters with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.

Wilson D, Evans M, Guthrie N et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study to evaluate the potential of pycnogenol for improving allergic rhinitis symptoms. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Ricci A, et al. Control of edema in hypertensive subjects treated with calcium antagonist nifedipine or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with pycnogenol.

Clin Appl Thromb Hemost ; Vinciguerra G, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, et al. Cramps and muscular pain: prevention with Pyconogenol in normal subjects, venous patients, athletes, claudicants and in diabetic microangiopathy. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, et al. Improvement of diabetic microangiopathy with Pycnogenol: A prospective, controlled study.

Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, et al. Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II. Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P. French maritime pine bark extract pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients letter.

Diabetes Care ; Kohama T, Suzuki N, Ohno S, Inoue M. Analgesic efficacy of French maritime pine bark extract in dysmenorrhea: an open clinical trial. Kohama T, Inoue M. Pycnogenol alleviates pain associated with pregnancy.

Blazso G, Gabor M, Schonlau F, Rohdewald P. Pycnogenol accelerates wound healing and reduces scar formation. Yang HM, Liao MF, Zhu SY, et al. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of Pycnogenol on the climacteric syndrome in peri-menopausal women.

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand ; Lau BH, Riesen SK, Truong KP, et al. Pycnogenol as an adjunct in the management of childhood asthma. J Asthma ; Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, et al.

Prevention of venous thrombosis in long-haul flights with Flite Tabs: The LONFLIT-FLITE randomized, controlled trial. Durackova Z, Trebaticky B, Novotny V, et al. Lipid metabolism and erectile function improvement by Pycnogenol, extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster in patients suffering from erectile dysfunction-a pilot study.

Nutr Res ; Stanislavov R, Nikolova V. Treatment of erectile dysfunction with pycnogenol and L-arginine. J Sex Marital Ther ; Hosseini S, Lee J, Sepulveda RT, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of pycnogenol in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients.

Bito T, Roy S, Sen CK, Packer L. Pine bark extract pycnogenol downregulates IFN-gamma-induced adhesion of T cells to human keratinocytes by inhibiting inducible ICAM-1 expression. Free Radic Biol Med ; Virgili F, Pagana G, Bourne L, et al. Ferulic acid excretion as a marker of consumption of a French maritime pine Pinus maritima bark extract.

Tenenbaum S, Paull JC, Sparrow EP, et al. J Atten Disord ; Hasegawa N. Inhibition of lipogenesis by pycnogenol. Liu F, Lau BHS, Peng Q, Shah V. Pycnogenol protects vascular endothelial cells from beta-amyloid-induced injury. Biol Pharm Bull ; Description Used historically to enhance overall wellness, pycnogenol is a natural extract from French maritime pine bark that has been shown to exert antioxidative properties in the body.

Pycnogenol® Pinus maritima mg. Supplement Facts. You May Also like. Our Price. R-Lipoic Acid mg. Resveratrol Plus. Vegan CoQ10 mg. Our Certifications.

This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Sign Up for Email to Stay Updated. This site uses cookies We use cookies to ensure the best experience. Other Ingredients: Cellulose, cellulose capsule shell , stearic acid, silica, magnesium stearate, Directions: Adults take one 1 capsule daily with food or as directed by a health care professional.

For over a decade, our team has combed through thousands of research articles published in reputable journals. To help you make educated decisions, and to better understand controversial or confusing supplements, our medical experts have digested the science into these three easy-to-follow ratings.

We hope this provides you with a helpful resource to make informed decisions towards your health and well-being. For a supplement, little scientific support. In a double-blind study of men with erectile dysfunction, supplementing with mg per day of Pycnogenol improved erectile function, whereas placebo treatment had no effect.

In a small, controlled study, people with SLE were given medication and either a placebo or Pycnogenol in the amount of mg per day for 30 days followed by 60 mg per day for another 30 days. SLE disease activity, measured with a combination of signs, symptoms, and blood measurements, declined further in the group taking Pycnogenol.

In a double-blind trial, mg per day of Pycnogenol reduced pain and other osteoarthritis symptoms, improved walking performance, and reduced the use of pain-relieving medication. Another double blind trial found that mg per day also improved symptoms and reduced use of pain-relieving medication.

Proanthocyanidins OPCs are a group of flavonoids found in pine bark , grape seed , and other plant sources. In a preliminary trial, volunteers were supplemented with Pycnogenol, an extract of French maritime pine bark rich in OPCs, in the amount of 1.

Compared with ultraviolet sensitivity before supplementation, the lower amount of Pycnogenol was found to significantly increase the amount of ultraviolet rays necessary to cause sunburn, and the higher amount was significantly more effective than the lower amount.

Preliminary research has suggested that pycnogenol may help lower blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. In a placebo-controlled trial with 48 subjects with type 2 diabetes, mg of pycnogenol per day for 12 weeks led to reductions in fasting blood glucose and LDL-cholesterol levels, as well as blood pressure and HbA1c.

In another week placebo-controlled trial with 77 subjects with type 2 diabetes, mg per day of pycnogenol lowered blood glucose levels, but improvement in HbA1c was not statistically significant.

Pycnogenol has been shown to be helpful for improving small vessel health and restoring healthy blood flow in people with type 2 diabetes and related vascular symptoms.

Clinical trials have also reported its benefits in treating microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy, skin ulcers, and neuropathy. The doses of pycnogenol used in these studies are to mg per day. In a preliminary study, symptoms of endometriosis gradually declined when women took 60 mg per day of Pycnogenol, which is high in flavonoids.

Double-blind research is needed to confirm these findings. Pycnogenol is a mixture of many substances belonging to the flavonoid family, primarily proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids. Rohdewald P. A review of the French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol , a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology.

Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther ; [review]. Packer L, Rimbach G, Virgili F. Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine Pinus maritima bark, pycnogenol. Free Radic Biol Med ; [review].

Canali R, Comitato R, Schonlau F, Virgili F. The anti-inflammatory pharmacology of Pycnogenol in humans involves COX-2 and 5-LOX mRNA expression in leukocytes. Int Immunopharmacol ; Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P. French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients.

Diabetes Care ; [letter]. Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, et al. Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II. Life Sci ;— Learn more about TraceGains, the company. The information presented by TraceGains is for informational purposes only.

It is based on scientific studies human, animal, or in vitro , clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available.

Information expires December PeaceHealth endeavors to provide comprehensive health care information, however some topics in this database describe services and procedures not offered by our providers or within our facilities because they do not comply with, nor are they condoned by, the ethics policies of our organization.

This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. For that reason, you should be careful taking pine bark if you have hypertension or diabetes.

All participants were free to use NSAIDs throughout the three-month trial. In the second trial, people with mild osteoarthritis of the knee were randomly allocated to receive either mg Pycnogenol® or a placebo for three months.

Osteoarthritis OA is the most common form of arthritis. It can cause joint pain and stiffness. Learn about the causes, symptoms and treatments. Versus Arthritis About arthritis Complementary and alternative treatments Types of complementary treatments Pine bark extracts.

Pine bark extracts. Download complementary and alternative medicines report Download. Print this page Print. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Learn more about how to get even skin tone.

Clearer skin, healthier hair — there are a lot of claims about the health benefits of biotin. We take a look at what the science actually says. Prenatal nutrition can be confusing. This article explains which supplements are believed to be safe during pregnancy and which ones you should avoid.

Some people seek to manage ADHD symptoms through an ADHD diet. Discover what the research says about elimination diets, foods to eat, and more. Phosphatidylcholine is known to boost cognition, but its potential benefits don't stop there.

Here's what you should know about this herbal remedy. Research suggests rhodiola and ashwagandha work well together, but you may want to take them at different times of day.

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How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. What Is Pycnogenol and Why Do People Use It? Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.

For skin For ADHD Other benefits How to use it Side effects Takeaway What is Pycnogenol? Benefits for skin. Benefits for ADHD. Other benefits. How do I use pine bark extract? Are there any side effects?

The bottom line. How we reviewed this article: Sources.