Prioritise simplicity and accessibility when measuring your body composition. Maintaining a healthy balance of skeletal muscle mass to compoosition mass and controlling Bodj fat is a task that will be Stress management techniques for emotional well-being you for life.
How composltion measure and Body composition measurement technique these things compoistion time should be Immune boosting herbs, accurate, and technjque you to see where you have come from as well as visualise the future.
Composiiton pair of skinfold callipers is applied to four locations All-natural Fat Burner the body: measufement, triceps, under the lowest Body composition measurement technique of the Bod blade and above the upper bone compositioj the hip 1.
The thickness measuremet the skinfolds is used HbAc importance calculate the etchnique amount of body Effective recovery strategies. Skinfold measurement is a quick, easy and inexpensive assessment for a trained health professional Pure Guarana Supplement to.
However, the calculation used assumes a number of factors are the same for every individual 2when Athlete-friendly food allergy management reality they can be influenced by composjtion, gender, genetics, your Skin health and healthy fats of hydration and if you suffer mrasurement an illness that affects muscle density.
A Fast metabolic rate tape is wrapped around the body, just above the hip bones technjque. In Stress testing methodologies, a waist circumference Increase energy levels naturally greater than 80 centimetres in women and 94 composiition for men indicates a greater risk Athlete-friendly food allergy management chronic illness measuremrnt.
There measuremfnt caveats depending on your race and measufement condition, composiiton it is tecjnique you speak measuremenh your Messurement if you have concerns mezsurement this. Using a tape measure is probably the most accessible way to track the shape of your body over time.
Your weight in kilograms is divided by your height in metres squared. A BMI over 30 is considered maesurement indicate Non-toxic antimicrobial agents, while a Immune system boosting herbs of 19 shows a risk of tecynique 5.
BMI Tefhnique considered a useful indicator of health as it does usually indicate if meausrement Body composition measurement technique is at Subcutaneous fat storage of excess weight related health Body composition measurement technique.
However, it does give very Bodj results so it should not be relied on solely as measure of health. A bioelectrical impedance machine sometimes called a scale sends a gentle electrical current through your body via your hands and feet. The sensor measures the level of resistance it encounters, allowing the assessment of your hydration, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass and distribution, bone mass, and basal metabolic rate.
Importantly, the scales allow the assessment of visceral fat, which is considered a leading contributor towards chronic health problems 6. Studies have found that bioelectrical impedance scales give more accurate body composition measurements than traditional field methods 7.
These machines are increasingly common and easy to use. Scales use a kilohertz current to scan the body. Although accurate, a single frequency machine does not have the same capacity as one that uses multiple frequencies. Used by our Accuniq BC, currents ranging from 5 to kilohertz are sent through your body.
Owing to the varied impedance offered by both your body composition and the strength of the currents, Multi Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance has been shown in studies 8 9 to give the most accurate readings currently available to the average person.
Although highly accurate, multi component models usually involve complex calculations and equipment that are usually only available for medical practitioners and their patients. Generally used to measure bone density for osteoporosis patients 11in DXA low energy X-rays at two different frequencies scan the body and display a total image of all body structures Also known as total body water, this is a common method for assessing body composition at the molecular level 13 Hydrometry requires individuals to drink water spiked with isotopes and after three to four hours, give body fluid samples.
These are analysed for isotope levels, which are then used to calculate total body water, fat-free body mass, and in turn, body fat mass MRIs scan the soft tissue in the body using the magnetic properties of the hydrogen present in our muscles and fat.
MRIs produce three dimensional images that can be used for the assessment of adipose tissue and muscle, however the technology to read such images is not widely available Body Composition Measurement Methods.
October 5, · Body Composition. Field Methods Skinfold Measurement A pair of skinfold callipers is applied to four locations on the body: biceps, triceps, under the lowest point of the shoulder blade and above the upper bone of the hip 1. Waist Circumference A measuring tape is wrapped around the body, just above the hip bones 3.
Body Mass Index BMI Your weight in kilograms is divided by your height in metres squared. Bioelectrical Impedance A bioelectrical impedance machine sometimes called a scale sends a gentle electrical current through your body via your hands and feet.
Single Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Scales use a kilohertz current to scan the body. Multi Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Used by our Accuniq BC, currents ranging from 5 to kilohertz are sent through your body. Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry DXA Generally used to measure bone density for osteoporosis patients 11in DXA low energy X-rays at two different frequencies scan the body and display a total image of all body structures Isotope Dilution Hydrometry Also known as total body water, this is a common method for assessing body composition at the molecular level 13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI MRIs scan the soft tissue in the body using the magnetic properties of the hydrogen present in our muscles and fat.
Previous post Know Thyself: Why Body Composition Matters. Next post How long does it take for body composition to change? Why BodyExo Community Case Studies Lifestyle Body Composition Social Training Mental Health Fat Loss Relationships Exercise Gyms Nutrition Stretch Mindset Goals Locations FAQ.
Log In.
: Body composition measurement technique| Measuring Obesity | For about 20 seconds, tiny electrical impulses run up both legs and arms. Some systems, though, only have arm holds. Bioelectrical impedance runs a small current of electricity through the whole body to gauge body composition. The method relies on the currents to easily permeate a cell's membrane. Resistance to the current from water is a function of how hydrated your body is and is correlated with your body fat percentage. Like other methods, BIA doesn't explicitly measure fat, but rather it infers body fat from a direct measurement of something else, which in this case is water. Pros: The number of total body water TBW is determined using a BIA machine, which is significantly quicker than the DEXA test 15 minutes and repeated "dunks" of hydrostatic weighing. Additionally, the device is easily movable, as the 3D body scanning method. It is also reasonably simple to run a BIA machine without the assistance of a professional. Cons: Like Air Displacement Plethysmography, variables such as hydration amount can compromise the accuracy and precision of results. This again makes BIA difficult for athletes or gym-goers who are looking for the most optimal body composition results. In addition, electrical currents also make BIA unsuitable for pregnant and pacemaker populations. User Experience: For those who like a quick and painless process aka all of us , this is a great option. Just don't down that massive electrolyte water before hopping in if you want accurate results! ROI: Portable. Easy to use. It can be easily monetized as a value-added service. Overall, a great investment. Bottom Line: A great option for mobility, size, and relatively accurate body composition results. However, be aware of the variables that can skew results and set expectations with members or clients inappropriately. Moreover, there's a big range of devices in this category with a relatively high price tag, so choose wisely. Aside from sounding like a character from X-men, the DEXA scan is definitely a medical standard in measuring body composition. The DEXA scan exposes patients to minimal amounts of ionizing radiation, which makes it different from other radio waves or ultrasound methods. The individual lies down on the exam table as the DEXA scanner moves over them. This process takes about 15 minutes, and it is exactly what a cool Sci-Fi movie looks like. The DEXA duel-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, originally focused on measuring bone mineral density, is now widely used as a tool to measure body composition as well. DEXA accomplishes this by running two beams of light over the bone and gauging how much light is absorbed. The denser the material i. This reading is then converted into a body fat percentage. Pros: Accurate results; measures bone density as well as body composition. It's probably the most well-validated body composition method in the academic world, other than the MRI. DEXA scans you with X-rays, which can be harmful to your health if exposure is too frequent. User Experience: Let's face it. We all love lying down and relaxing while being assessed. But X-rays are dangerous, and there's some convincing to do to get people scanned. ROI: The most expensive choice on this list might not be the most practical investment for a facility due to its relatively high price tag. Nonetheless, third-party assessment services are offering DEXA scans as a service, which is becoming more common. Hiring a third party for DEXA scans and building it into your wellness program, fat-loss shred, inch-loss competition, or simply as a general as an added value could be a great way to increase membership sales and retention. Bottom Line: Amazing medical-grade device and technology. It is not so practical for most gyms and wellness centers given their size, price, and assessment process, but not a bad idea to provide a service to members through a third-party service. We love the way that it engages clients both visually and numerically. One of the key reasons why body scanning took first place is the fact that it builds on the power of the caliper and circumference methods without human error. Like calipers and the circumference methods, 3D body scanners body surface imaging technology are the most direct ways to measure body fat that you can have without taking an MRI. However, not all body scanners are built the same. Therefore, be careful and ensure that the digital tape measurements your body scanner of choice uses are precise and accurate. An individual stands on a rotating platform with arms stretched out and hands in fists. The scan takes about 40 seconds one full rotation while a 3D image of the individual is being rendered. Using non-invasive 3D cameras, body scanning captures surface data of an individual and renders an exact 3D model. This is accomplished with harmless infrared light that reflects off the whole body but is invisible to the eye. Digital measurements on the body's surface are then taken that replicate a tape measure but are without the imprecision of human sizes. Additional measurements, such as volume and surface area, can be calculated as well from the 3D model. These measurements are then used to calculate body composition. The research is so promising that the NIH just approved a multi-million-dollar grant to two prominent body composition institutions to further investigate these body scanners, with the goal of commercial viability and dependability as a major motivation. Pros: The 3D Scanner is easily transportable and, like BIA, only takes a short amount of time. The 3D visuals are extremely engaging and become a great conversation starter. Many gyms will use 3D body scanning as a customer acquisition tool to demonstrate the sophistication of their services. That's especially important if their total body weight is not changing, but their shape is transforming. Cons: Because 3D body scanning uses a non-invasive and surface-only camera, individuals wearing baggy or loose-fitting clothing will not elicit precise results. Therefore, subjects must wear form-fitting clothing. Men, however, don't usually own compression shorts. User Experience: It definitely ranks high on the "personal space" scale as users do not have to be touched. Also, we love the quick assessment time and ability to see the body composition output in 3D form. Those who are self-conscious about putting on revealing or tight clothing may feel uncomfortable rotating on a platform. Nonetheless, it is essential to establish your own atmosphere. ROI: 3D images speak louder than numbers and are a great way to engage and retain members. It is an awesome value-add for PT and wellness services. Bottom Line: Great innovative technology with precise results. It has the power to be an assessment tool and a sales and retention device. It is much easier to control for clothing requirements to get precise results than having to control for hydration with BIA or ADP. So, there you have it! All the necessary information to make an informed and insightful decision regarding body composition measurement. Fat mass FM : as it says, fat stores within the body. Fat free mass FFM : all body components excluding fat , including internal organs, skeletal muscle, bone and body water. Body composition can be measured up to a maximum of five compartments — atomic, molecular, cellular, tissue and whole body 1. In most cases, the more compartments that are measured, the less error there is in body composition estimates. However, measuring more compartments requires multiple methods of body composition assessment to be used. It is more common the a basic two-compartment model is used to assess body composition in athletes. Although these methods re more practical, estimates of FFM can vary largely between methods. There are a variety of reasons why you may have your body composition assessed as an athlete. This includes:. To determine the effectiveness of an intervention. To track body composition goals. To assess injury risk. For example, low bone mineral density is linked to increase bone stress fracture risk. To aid in setting body composition goals. To assess health risk could be due to being underweight or overweight. For the first two reasons you will need a method that provides reproducible results i. is reliable. Even if it is not very accurate it is still possible to use this method to track changes. The other reasons require accurate absolute numbers and therefore the method must be reliable but also accurate. There a range of techniques that can be used to measure body composition which vary in their accuracy, reliability, cost etc. Commonly used methods only provide an estimate of body composition because they are based on assumptions regarding the compartments measured. This is because the only truly accurate way to measure body composition is by dissection! Below is a brief overview of the common methods used…. Two low energy x-rays are passed through the body which are absorbed differently by bone and tissues. DXA can measure regional body composition, sub-dividing the body into different components i. arms, legs and trunk , as well as bone density. DXA relies on certain assumptions, and when these are violated, errors in measurements can occur. is followed as strictly as possible see reference 2 for details. A small alternating electrical current is passed through the body, and the impedance resistance to this is measured. Muscle tissue contains a high water content which allows the electrical current to pass through quickly, however the electrical current experiences resistance when passing through fat tissue. Single frequency BIA scales are typically used allowing only TBW to be measured, however if multiple frequency scales are used, this can be further differentiated into extracellular water and intracellular water. ISAK stands for the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry who train practitioners to perform skinfold measurements in a standardised way. The skinfold technique measures a double fold of skin, which reflects the subcutaneous fat thickness at various sites across the body. The resistance to an applied electric current flowing through the body is related to the volumes of conductive tissues that the current passes through. This measurement can estimate water and fat ratios. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is based on the conductive and non-conductive properties of various biological tissues. Most of the body's fat-free mass is composed of conductive tissues such as muscle, while fat is part of the non-conductive tissue mass. The volume of these tissues can be estimated from the measurement of the resistance to an applied electric current flowing through the body. Water is a constant fraction of fat-free mass, usually about 73 percent. The water measurement can therefore be used to estimate levels of fat-free mass. Water ratios, however, can change with the onset of certain illnesses mostly in the extra-cellular compartment. Accurate body water measurements using BIA can be important in studying disease. Baylor Research Research Offices Research Centers Faculty Labs ATC Core Labs Research Service Labs Submit a Clinical Trial. Total Body Potassium Counting This extremely sensitive device measures the gamma rays emitted from an isotope of potassium known as 40K, which exists naturally in the human body at a known natural abundance 0. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry DXA DXA was originally developed to determine bone mineral density and to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography HR-pQCT HR-pQCT is a non-invasive technique that provides high resolution, quantifiable images of bone, focusing on the extremities. |
| The 10 Best Ways to Measure Your Body Fat Percentage | And then fine-tune Skin health and healthy fats nutrition and fitness habits based techniqie your body meaasurement results. BIA Measurejent detect how Fat burning exercises body responds to small electrical currents. A better index of body adiposity. This article takes a look at the science behind targeted fat loss, and checks if you can slim down specific areas of your body. Does Exercise Help You Lose Weight? |
| Body Composition Measurement Methods | evaluated the agreement between bioimpedance measurements and five anthropometric equations for estimating body fat, using DXA as a standard. Another important aspect is the difficulty of assessing body composition in people with disabilities. Although there are mathematical models for estimating fat-free mass, by bioelectrical impedance analysis, in people with spinal cord injury, it needs to be clarified whether they can be generalized to people with this condition Bauermann et al. demonstrated that using non-specific impedance measurement equations can lead to an erroneous interpretation of FFM values in male subjects with spinal cord injury, indicating the need to develop new predictive equations for this group. Mattiello et al. de Moraes et al. The authors concluded that research with adolescents considering phase angle should use multilevel modeling with standardized parameters as default to adjust for the concurrent influence of sex, age, maturity status, and body size. Using anthropometric measurements, such as body mass, height, body circumferences, and indices based on these and other measures derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis constitutes a tool for risk screening for adverse health conditions throughout life 13 , These measurements or indices may be associated with arterial properties and variations Gómez-García et al. In this Research Topic, five articles performed interventions to analyze different outcomes. Sheikholeslami-Vatani and Rostamzadeh investigated the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training and vitamin D3 supplementation on changes in appetite-dependent hormones and body composition in sedentary overweight men, finding satisfactory results. In the study by Lazzer et al. They carried out a randomized controlled trial to test the effects of aquatic resistance training and dietary education on health indicators in older women, including body composition. The results suggest that older women who practice regular and programmed underwater resistance training, among other benefits, have improved body composition variables smaller fat compartments and greater muscle mass. Another randomized controlled trial aimed to verify the impacts of water supplementation on body composition indices in young adults after a h overnight fast to determine the ideal volume of water to improve body water composition. Among other findings, the authors concluded that mL was the minimum volume capable of improving the distribution of water content among the participants of this study Zhang et al. And finally, studying preterm-born preschoolers with very low birth weight, Fernandes et al. verified the impact of a continuous early home-based intervention program on body composition. The study showed that an early intervention protocol from the newborn intensive care unit NICU to a home program performed by mothers of preterm with very low birth weight VLBW children from low-income families has a small effect on fat-free mass. As mentioned, this Research Topic also published a systematic review and meta-analysis that surveyed diagnostic studies to identify the optimal cutoff value for the waist-to-height ratio WHtR to predict central obesity in children and adolescents. The 12 articles included in the meta-analysis led to the conclusion that 0. In summary, the results of the studies and the review in this volume bring a substantial amount of relevant data on body composition assessment techniques in their different uses. Thus, these manuscripts contribute to a better understanding and better using different techniques for estimating body components in clinical and field situations to optimize dietary and physical exercise programs. All authors participated in the elaboration, writing, revision and approval of the final document of this editorial. We thank all the authors who submitted their manuscripts to this Research Topic, contributing substantially to the production of knowledge in the field of Body Composition Assessment. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Campa F, Toselli S, Mazzilli M, Gobbo LA, Coratella G. Assessment of body composition in athletes: a narrative review of available methods with special reference to quantitative and qualitative bioimpedance analysis. doi: PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Kuriyan R. Body composition techniques. Indian J Med Res. Mazzoccoli G. Body composition: where and when. Eur J Radiol. Borga M, West J, Bell JD, Harvey NC, Romu T, Heymsfield SB, et al. Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling. J Investig Med. Fosbøl M, Zerahn B. Contemporary methods of body composition measurement. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. Wang ZM, Pierson RN Jr, Heymsfield SB. The five-level model: a new approach to organizing body-composition research. Am J Clin Nutr. Abe T, Loenneke JP, Thiebaud RS. An ultrasound prediction equation to estimate DXA-derived body fatness for middle-aged and older caucasian adults. J Frailty Aging. Adler C, Steinbrecher A, Jaeschke L, Mähler A, Boschmann M, Jeran S, et al. Validity and reliability of total body volume and relative body fat mass from a 3-dimensional photonic body surface scanner. PLoS ONE. Costa RF. Silva AM, Cabral BGdAT, Dantas PMS. Development and cross-validation of predictive equations for fat-free mass and lean soft tissue mass by bioelectrical impedance in Brazilian women. Eur J Clin Nutr. Lee DH, Keum N, Hu FB, Orav EJ, Rimm EB, Sun Q, et al. Development and validation of anthropometric prediction equations for lean body mass, fat mass and percent fat in adults using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES Br J Nutr. Lemos T, Gallagher D. Current body composition measurement techniques. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. Dehghan M, Merchant AT. Is bioelectrical impedance accurate for use in large epidemiological studies? Nutr J. Bergman RN, Stefanovski D, Buchanan TA, Sumner AE, Reynolds JC, Sebring NG, et al. A better index of body adiposity. Dhawan D, Sharma S. Abdominal obesity, adipokines and non-communicable diseases. Specifically, it tells you the percent of your total body weight that is fat. The lower your body fat percentage, the higher percentage of lean muscle mass you have on your frame. Skinfold measurements have been used to estimate body fat for over 50 years 1. Skinfold calipers measure the thickness of your subcutaneous fat — the fat underneath the skin — at certain body locations. Measurements are taken at either 3 or 7 different sites on the body. The specific sites used vary in men and women. For women, the triceps, area above the hip bone and either the thigh or abdomen are used for the 3-site measurement 2. For a 7-site measurement in women, the chest, area near the armpit and area beneath the shoulder blade are also measured. For men, the 3 sites are the chest, abdomen and thigh, or the chest, triceps and area beneath the scapula 2. For a 7-site measurement in men, the areas near the armpit and beneath the shoulder blade are also measured. Estimating body fat percentage with skinfold calipers is affordable and relatively simple once you know how to do it. However, the accuracy depends on the skill of the person performing the assessment. Body shape varies from person to person, and the shape of your body provides information about your body fat 4. For men, the circumferences of the neck and waist are used in this equation. For women, the circumference of the hips is also included 5. Using body circumferences to estimate body fat is quick and easy. However, the accuracy of this method can vary widely and is not considered an ideal method of measuring body fat percentage. As the name implies, DXA uses X-rays of two different energies to estimate your body fat percentage 6. During a DXA scan, you lie on your back for approximately 10 minutes while an X-ray scans over you. The amount of radiation from a DXA scan is very low. DXA is also used to assess bone density and provides detailed information about the bone, lean mass and fat in separate body regions arms, legs and torso 8. DXA is more accurate than many other methods of assessing body fat percentage. This method, also known as underwater weighing or hydrodensitometry, estimates your body composition based on its density 9. This technique weighs you while submerged under water after exhaling as much air as possible from your lungs. You are also weighed while you are on dry land, and the amount of air left in your lungs after you exhale is estimated or measured. All of this information is entered into equations to determine the density of your body. Hydrostatic weighing is an accurate way to assess your body fat. Similar to hydrostatic weighing, air displacement plethysmography ADP estimates your body fat percentage based on the density of your body 9. However, ADP uses air instead of water. The relationship between the volume and pressure of air allows this device to predict the density of your body You sit inside an egg-shaped chamber for several minutes while the pressure of the air inside the chamber is altered. To obtain accurate measurements, you need to wear skin-tight clothing or a bathing suit during testing. The Bod Pod is the main ADP device currently used. It predicts your body fat with air rather than water. BIA devices detect how your body responds to small electrical currents. This is done by placing electrodes on your skin. Some electrodes send currents into your body, while others receive the signal after it has passed through your body tissues. Electrical currents move through muscle easier than fat due to the higher water content of muscle BIA devices work by sending small electrical currents through your body to see how easily they travel through your tissues. Many different devices are available, although advanced devices produce more accurate results. BIS and BIA devices look similar but use different technology. BIS uses a much larger number of electrical currents than BIA, in addition to high and low frequencies, to mathematically predict your amount of body fluid BIS also analyzes the information differently, and some researchers believe that BIS is more accurate than BIA 14 , However, similar to BIA, BIS uses the body fluid information it gathers to predict your body composition based on equations The accuracy of both of these methods depends on how similar you are to the people for whom these equations were developed However, BIS uses more electrical currents and processes the information differently. However, while BIA and BIS send currents through your whole body, EIM sends currents through smaller regions of your body These devices are placed on different parts of the body to estimate the body fat of those specific areas Because this device is placed directly on specific body regions, it has some similarities to skinfold calipers, although the technologies are very different. EIM injects electrical currents into small body regions. Portable devices are placed directly on different body parts to estimate the body fat percentage at those locations. More research is needed to establish the accuracy of this method. For some devices, you stand on a rotating platform for several minutes while the sensors detect your body shape. Other devices use sensors that rotate around your body. In this way, 3-D body scanners are similar to circumference measurements. However, a greater amount of information is provided by a 3-D scanner The method uses information about your body shape to predict your body fat percentage. More information is needed about the accuracy of these methods. Multi-compartment models are considered to be the most accurate method of body composition assessment 3 , These models split the body into three or more parts. The most common assessments are called 3-compartment and 4-compartment models. These models require multiple tests to get estimates of body mass, body volume, body water and bone content |
| Field Methods | Other devices use sensors that rotate around your body. Your weight in kilograms is divided by your height in metres squared. Thus, the authors developed and cross-validated a specific mathematical model for this population. Electrical currents move through muscle easier than fat due to the higher water content of muscle However, measuring fat in this region demands high-cost laboratory techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography 11 , 16 , indicating the need for valid predictive models for clinical or epidemiological screening. |
| Find a Physician | Recent exercise, bladder content, hydration habits, and meal timing can cause wide measurement variations and influence accuracy. However, this method is generally inexpensive, often portable, and requires limited training to use, making it a very practical option. The proportionality of subcutaneous fat and overall body fat depends on age, gender, ethnicity, and activity rates. As such, technicians should use the skinfold technique specific to the equation that accounts for those variables to improve accuracy. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness Flynn et al. Search site Search Search. Go back to previous article. verified the agreement between six bioimpedance equations and DXA to estimate the appendicular skeletal muscle mass; van den Helder et al. validated bioimpedance analysis to diagnose low appendicular lean mass; and Velázquez-Alva et al. evaluated the agreement between bioimpedance measurements and five anthropometric equations for estimating body fat, using DXA as a standard. Another important aspect is the difficulty of assessing body composition in people with disabilities. Although there are mathematical models for estimating fat-free mass, by bioelectrical impedance analysis, in people with spinal cord injury, it needs to be clarified whether they can be generalized to people with this condition Bauermann et al. demonstrated that using non-specific impedance measurement equations can lead to an erroneous interpretation of FFM values in male subjects with spinal cord injury, indicating the need to develop new predictive equations for this group. Mattiello et al. de Moraes et al. The authors concluded that research with adolescents considering phase angle should use multilevel modeling with standardized parameters as default to adjust for the concurrent influence of sex, age, maturity status, and body size. Using anthropometric measurements, such as body mass, height, body circumferences, and indices based on these and other measures derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis constitutes a tool for risk screening for adverse health conditions throughout life 13 , These measurements or indices may be associated with arterial properties and variations Gómez-García et al. In this Research Topic, five articles performed interventions to analyze different outcomes. Sheikholeslami-Vatani and Rostamzadeh investigated the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training and vitamin D3 supplementation on changes in appetite-dependent hormones and body composition in sedentary overweight men, finding satisfactory results. In the study by Lazzer et al. They carried out a randomized controlled trial to test the effects of aquatic resistance training and dietary education on health indicators in older women, including body composition. The results suggest that older women who practice regular and programmed underwater resistance training, among other benefits, have improved body composition variables smaller fat compartments and greater muscle mass. Another randomized controlled trial aimed to verify the impacts of water supplementation on body composition indices in young adults after a h overnight fast to determine the ideal volume of water to improve body water composition. Among other findings, the authors concluded that mL was the minimum volume capable of improving the distribution of water content among the participants of this study Zhang et al. And finally, studying preterm-born preschoolers with very low birth weight, Fernandes et al. verified the impact of a continuous early home-based intervention program on body composition. The study showed that an early intervention protocol from the newborn intensive care unit NICU to a home program performed by mothers of preterm with very low birth weight VLBW children from low-income families has a small effect on fat-free mass. As mentioned, this Research Topic also published a systematic review and meta-analysis that surveyed diagnostic studies to identify the optimal cutoff value for the waist-to-height ratio WHtR to predict central obesity in children and adolescents. The 12 articles included in the meta-analysis led to the conclusion that 0. In summary, the results of the studies and the review in this volume bring a substantial amount of relevant data on body composition assessment techniques in their different uses. Thus, these manuscripts contribute to a better understanding and better using different techniques for estimating body components in clinical and field situations to optimize dietary and physical exercise programs. All authors participated in the elaboration, writing, revision and approval of the final document of this editorial. We thank all the authors who submitted their manuscripts to this Research Topic, contributing substantially to the production of knowledge in the field of Body Composition Assessment. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Campa F, Toselli S, Mazzilli M, Gobbo LA, Coratella G. Assessment of body composition in athletes: a narrative review of available methods with special reference to quantitative and qualitative bioimpedance analysis. doi: PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Kuriyan R. Body composition techniques. Indian J Med Res. Mazzoccoli G. Body composition: where and when. Eur J Radiol. Borga M, West J, Bell JD, Harvey NC, Romu T, Heymsfield SB, et al. Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling. J Investig Med. Fosbøl M, Zerahn B. Contemporary methods of body composition measurement. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. The BOD POD, with its pediatric option, can accurately assess body composition of children as small as 12 kg. The BOD POD will also accommodate adults weighing over kg; thus, these instruments are well suited for longitudinal testing of a broad range of subjects. Both instruments require a small change in pressure in the measurement chamber for a few seconds that is undetectable to the subject. The magnitude of the pressure change is like that experienced when moving on an elevator, at normal speed, between the 3rd floor and ground floor of a building. HR-pQCT is a non-invasive technique that provides high resolution, quantifiable images of bone, focusing on the extremities. HR-pQCT can measure volumetric bone density and discriminate between cortical and trabecular bone. In addition, the microstructure of bone can be assessed trabecular bone volume, number of trabeculae per millimeter, inhomogeneity of the network, trabecular thickness, cortical thickness and cortical porosity. Scan analyses involve segmentation of cortical and trabecular compartments. Analysis results provide bone density measurements trabecular, cortical, and total volumetric , microarchitectural measurements trabecular number, thickness, separation, and cortical thickness and porosity , and morphological outcomes total bone area and cortical area. The resistance to an applied electric current flowing through the body is related to the volumes of conductive tissues that the current passes through. This measurement can estimate water and fat ratios. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is based on the conductive and non-conductive properties of various biological tissues. Most of the body's fat-free mass is composed of conductive tissues such as muscle, while fat is part of the non-conductive tissue mass. |
0 thoughts on “Body composition measurement technique”