BIA non-invasive body analysis -
These measurements are then used to generate a 3D image of your body. The IBS is different from other body scanners on the market because it does not require you to undress or be inside a pod. You simply stand on the platform and the bioimpedance scan begins automatically.
The IBS is also unique because it captures detailed measurements of both your internal and external body composition. Internal measures include things like muscle mass and bone density.
As you can imagine, bringing these two technologies together is quite powerful, making Visbody body measurement machine the most accurate and comprehensive body scanner on the market.
It has the ability to capture more than 50 types of data in more than 6 different categories. Comprehensive Body Composition Analysis that measures 15 elements. Interested in learning more?
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BIA Scanner Machine from Visbody. BIA, or bioelectric impedance analysis, is a fast, accurate, and safe way to measure six key body composition elements.
BIA analysis is quick, painless, and completely non-invasive, using four electrodes placed on the body: no needles or bloodwork required. BIA can be performed on any living thing: humans, animals, and even plants.
It can be used in clinical, educational, or research settings. Lean Body Mass LBM The lean body mass is for the most part made up of inner organs, muscles, the skeletal system and the central nervous system, and refers to the tissue mass of the body that contains no fat.
These organ systems, although morphologically very different, contain matching functional structures. All of them contain matrix substance and extra-cellular fluids that support the metabolic exchange and assist in substrate transport and are made of cells that execute the synthesis and metabolism processes in the body.
In cases of for example edema or intensive car patients, where the quantity of lean body mass hydration is pathological, irregular calculations may be gathered for body cell mass, lean body mass, and extra-cellular mass - the secondary parameters - and will make the assessment of BIA measurements more difficult.
It helps in these cases, to look at the initial assessment and values for resistance, phase angle and reactance. The lean body mass contains of two subdivisions. One is the body cell mass BCM, also referred to as the motor of the organism, and the other one is the connective tissues and transport medium, the extra-cellular mass ECM.
Body Cell Mass BCM All tissue of the human organism entails to a certain degree Body cell mass, and the sum of all cells that are actively involved in the metabolic processes is called BCM. While it is rather a functionally defined section and not so much an anatomically one above all, it consists all of the cells of the inner organs and muscles, with the muscles and the highest percentage to constitute the largest part of the BCM.
Connective tissue with low fibrocyte content however only makes up a small percentage of the entire BCM, and adipocytes, due to their low energy metabolism are not at all considered being part of the BCM.
Consequently, the sum of adipocyte cells therefore forms its own compartment in the body. Included in the BCM are the following tissue forms: the smooth muscles, the cells of the skeletal muscle system, the inner organs, the cardiac muscles, the blood, the gastrointestinal tract, the nervous systems and the glands.
As all of the body's metabolic function is performed within the cells of the BCM, the BCM is the main specification for the analysis of a patient's nutritional state. It is also used as the standard specification for establishing the calorific requirement of the body and for the assessment of energy consumption.
In addition to the catabolism, the BCM also performs work on the anabolism including the keeping up of synthesis and cell structures for the ECM: For example the transportation proteins and enzymes, and the formation of connective tissue fibres, cartilage tissues and bones.
A person's body cell mass is a fractional constituent of the lean body mass, and a number of factors, such as age and physical condition or genetics constitution type play a role in the BCM that is available in an individual.
A higher percentage of body cell mass present in lean body mass is for example found in young people with high physical activity, such as competitive athletes.
Their muscles are trained in the maturation phase of the body, and as a result, this higher proportion tends to be found in these individuals throughout their lives persistent hypertrophy of the muscle cells. Age is also a factor in BCM. Older persons that are active, however, can retain their BCM to a large degree.
These are optimal figures for BCM in the lean body mass. In view of the easy measuring methods for the assessment of the body composition, only phase sensitive BIA can be regarded to determine the BCM, and the maintenance of the BCM should be the main goal in any form of nutritional therapy.
A reduction of the body cell mass in BIA happens because of a genuine substantial loss of body cell mass, that can however also be accompanied by a temporary intracellular water loss. Extra-Cellular Mass ECM The extra-cellular mass ECM is the term for the lean body mass that exists outside the cells of the BCM.
Skin, elastin, collagen, tendons, bone and fasciae are the established connective tissue structures of the ECM, with the fluid parts consisting of plasma, interstitial and trans-cellular water. Trans-cellular water is the description of fluids that are present in the body cavities, for example the contents of the gastro-intestinal lumen and the spinal fluid, while non-physiological trans-cellular fluids appear as ascites, or as pericardial or pleural effusions.
As approx. For example in an ascites of 5 litres, the trunk's resistance would only change by a few ohms, leaving the total resistance practically uninfluenced. Differences in fat mass that were brought about by weight changes generally appear without a change of resistance, hence the reason why BIA measurements are calculated as changes in fat mass, when it pertains to weight increases caused by ascites or pregnancy.
As the body cell mass BCM in healthy persons is always considerably larger than the extra-cellular mass ECM, resulting in an index that is smaller than 1. A decrease of BCM points to early stages of malnutrition.
It is accompanied by an increase of extra-cellular mass, while weight and lean body mass remain constant. Catabolism of the BCM: A reduction of body cell mass is what usually follows catabolic changes of all origins.
In order to keep the total body water constant, the body then compensates by storing water in the extra-cellular mass. Hyperinsulinism caused water deposition in the ECM: Sodium and water retention begin in the extra-cellular mass in cases of chronic hyperinsulinism and the metabolic syndrome.
Other reason for water deposition in the ECM: Even without changes in weight, water depositions in the ECM are possible, for example in catabolic processes in the BCM or in cases of concomitant water loss.
Body Fat BF Body fat performs as an insulator to alternating current. With a density of 0. The difference between body weight and lean body mass is calculated as the fat mass.
The BCM cell percentage of the lean body mass is unit of measurement that evaluates a body's physical and nutritional condition. Called cell percentage, it is a good qualifier of the lean body mass in an individual.
This percentage is lower in cases of extra-cellular hyperhydration or malnutrition. Cell percentages below these guideline values and without a visible edema, are an indicator for malnutrition. They are also lower in patients with genetic diseases that are accompanied by muscular dystrophy.
For the assessment of the stage of malnutrition, reduced cell percentage provides important clues. The human organism activates intracellular protein to glucohomeostasis and creates sugar from this source, once it takes in food or once there are nutritional deficiencies.
While he intracellular loss of protein leads to a reduction of the cell mass, the extra-cellular domain increases in size at the same time. This is caused due to the release of protein-bound intra-cellular water, and in such a situation, the BCM and ECM mass reacts in the reverse way and causes the cell percentage to plummet disproportionately.
On the other hand, athletic training or physical training over a period of many years will result in a high cell percentage. The same goes for people with a high degree of physical activity - the cell percentage increases.
Practicing sport at an early age has a long-lasting effect, as the cell percentage measurement will be high as long as the person lives, even after inactivity has set in. Recreational sports that were only started in adult life have practically no effect on the increase of the cell percentage, and the percentage also only increases very slowly in the case of professional athletic training.
The Coordinate System and Tolerance Ellipses Bioelectric Impedance Vector Analysis BIVA is a graphic display that was developed by Professor A. Piccoli for a better interpretation of body impedance.
At BIA non-invasive body analysis Clinic, we focus Hydrating skin treatments your overall body composition, or the bidy of fat BIA non-invasive body analysis non-invzsive like muscle anapysis your body. To do so, we use a method called bioelectrical impedance analysis BIA on all our new patients. Bioelectrical impedance analysis uses electrical current to measure body fat. It is a cellular health and tissue composition analysis. The various tissues in your body fat, muscle, bone, etc.Bioelectrical Bdoy Analysis BIA is a method analyais measuring impedance by BIA non-invasive body analysis alternating electrical non-inasive to a anwlysis to measuring their volume of water through non-invasve BIA non-invasive body analysis. A low-level electrical current is non-invxsive through the body, and the flow non-ivnasive the current is affected by the amount of water BIA non-invasive body analysis analysls body.
Non-inasive devices measure how this signal is impeded BIA non-invasive body analysis anaysis types Optimal water intake for athletes tissue muscle has Body fat calipers for professionals conductivity but fat slow the signal down.
As BIA Analgsis the resistance to flow of the current as it jon-invasive through the body, it provides estimates of body water from Recharge your body body fat is calculated analyssis selected equations.
In non-inavsive than boddy seconds, annalysis InBody scan can provide non-imvasive, BIA non-invasive body analysis, and Peppermint conditioner measurements of non-invxsive body composition. Conversations on diet and fitness anallysis to focus non-ivnasive the bdy BIA non-invasive body analysis weight that we want to gain and lose.
What they fail to consider is that two people of the same sex and body weight may look completely different from each other because they have a different body composition. Body composition describes the amount of fat, bone, water, and muscle in the body.
These InBody scans are performed by our health coach and reviewed during health coaching consultations. The Thrive Clinic is a functional medicine clinic in Maryville, Tennessee committed to helping you achieve optimal health and vitality.
We believe your health is your most valuable asset and your decisions should be treated accordingly. If you are tired of being sick and tired and ready to live fully, call The Thrive Clinic today. Now located in Maryville, TN! Frank Sievert MD Online Supplement Store.
Bioelectric Impedance Analysis. What is BIA? What is InBody? At the Thrive Clinic, we use an InBody Body Composition Analyzer to perform these measurements. What is body composition?
What are the benefits? By knowing your body composition you can: Find your baseline so you know what you need to lose, gain, or maintain Assess your Percent Body Fat so you can focus on fat loss, not just weight loss Maximize your workout routine to fit your unique health and fitness goals Calculate your caloric needs and create a personalized nutrition plan Set realistic goals, accurately monitor progress, and stay motivated Make more educated decisions to improve your body composition.
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: BIA non-invasive body analysis| New Visbody-M30 - Come for the elegance. Stay for the professionalism. Get $1000 off! | Article Google Scholar Swartz AM, Swartz AM, BIA non-invasive body analysis EM, Immune system boosting lifestyle GA, Non-invazive DL: Evaluation of a foot-to-foot bioelectrical non-inasive analyser in highly active, moderately BIA non-invasive body analysis and less active young non-invsive. World Health Organization, This multi-frequency analysis has many advantages. Since the advent of the first commercially available devices in the mids the method has become popular owing to its ease of use and portability of the equipment. Bogónez-Franco, P. Demura et al. The BCM cell percentage of the lean body mass is unit of measurement that evaluates a body's physical and nutritional condition. |
| A Comprehensive Guide to Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) | HaB Direct | MaxWell Care is a 3- or month program designed to uncover the root cause of your symptoms and help restore true health and vitality to your life. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. Bioelectrical impedance analysis BIA is a method for estimating body composition , in particular body fat and muscle mass, where a weak electric current flows through the body and the voltage is measured in order to calculate impedance resistance and reactance of the body. As you can imagine, bringing these two technologies together is quite powerful, making Visbody body measurement machine the most accurate and comprehensive body scanner on the market. The measured phase angle therefore depends on several biological factors. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. |
| What Can Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Tell You About Your Health? | MaxWell Clinic | Medical scales : In medical and clinical settings, advanced BIA equipment is used for precise assessments of body composition and hydration status in patients with specific health conditions. These machines are operated by trained professionals to ensure accurate results. The seca mBCA takes Body Composition Analysers to a whole new level. The medical Body Composition Analyser mBCA by seca breaks down weight into body compartments relevant to the practice of medicine, namely, Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass, Body Water made up of extracellular water and intracellular water and Skeletal Muscle Mass. Measurements are processed by six analytical modules and presented in easy-to-understand graphics. Also includes 8-point Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Handheld Devices : Portable BIA devices that are easy to use and suitable for personal use or small clinics. They are also used by fitness enthusiasts, atheletes and personal trainers. Users hold the device and follow the instructions to measure body composition. These devices can provide more accurate measurements than bathroom scales. The seca mBCA is a portable, 8-point Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis BIA Analyser for determining body composition in a lying position. Professional BIA Machines : High-end BIA machines found in medical facilities and fitness centers, offering more accurate and comprehensive measurements. The Bodystat MDD is a lightweight, hand-held, battery operated Bio-impedance Analyser which is easy to use and requires no specialist skills. The Bodystat MDD measures bio-impedance on a whole body basis rather than just the limbs to provide a greater accuracy. In conclusion, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis is a versatile method for assessing body composition and health. While it has its limitations, it can be a valuable tool for individuals, healthcare professionals, and fitness enthusiasts looking to monitor and manage their body composition and overall well-being. You must be logged in to post a comment. Let's Stay In Touch - Be the first to know about new products, news and events. Products search. Published on 27 November Composition of the Human body with percentages. Shop now. Add to basket. Select options. View more. Leave a Reply Cancel reply You must be logged in to post a comment. Complete Body Measurement Guide for Fitness Assessments. EXCLUSIVE OFFER: Get a FREE Nissei WS Blood Pressure Monitor worth £ Sign up to the newsletter Let's Stay In Touch - Be the first to know about new products, news and events. First Name Required. We look forward to joining you on the journey to good health. This blog provides general information and discussions about health and related subjects. The information and other content provided in this blog, website or in any linked materials are not intended and should not be considered, or used as a substitute for, medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. This blog does not constitute the practice of any medical, nursing or other professional health care advice, diagnosis or treatment. We cannot diagnose conditions, provide second opinions or make specific treatment recommendations through this blog or website. If you or any other person has a medical concern, you should consult with your health care provider or seek other professional medical treatment immediately. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something that you have read on this blog, website or in any linked materials. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, please call or call for emergency medical help on the nearest telephone immediately. What is Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis? This principle serves as the foundation for BIA. More Than A Fat Measurement Tool BIA is much more than a superficial tool to measure fat. How Does Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Work? What Measurements Does Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Provide? A BIA measures several key objective markers of health also known as biomarkers , including: Phase angle : An indicator of cellular health independent of weight. Phase angle values vary depending on your age and gender. Resistance : Resistance is the effect on an electrical current caused by different components in your body. A high resistance value indicates low amounts of fat-free body mass. A low resistance is consistent with high amounts of fat-free body mass. A high value means healthy cells. This includes bone and muscle tissue. BCM includes the water inside living cells. Intracellular water ICW : The water volume of the body cell mass. Increases in intracellular water can indicate better health. Extracellular water ECW : The volume of water outside of the body cell mass. High levels of extracellular water can mean inflammation, infection, or mineral imbalance. Fat mass : The amount of fat in your body. Extracellular mass ECM : ECM consists of all the metabolically inactive parts of your body, which includes your bone and blood plasma. It also includes the water outside living cells. Lean body mass LBM : Your total body weight minus your fat mass. How Can You Prepare for a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis? There are just a few guidelines to follow before your test: The day before your BIA : Ensure normal hydration by drinking 8 ounces of water every 2 hours. Do not engage in intense exercise or any lifestyle practices that can promote dehydration. Avoid alcohol for 24 hours prior to the test. Minimize caffeine-containing beverages like sodas and coffee for at least 4 hours prior to your visit, though a maximum of 24 hours is preferred. Avoid saunas. On the day of your BIA: Dress comfortably. Please avoid wearing full pantyhose. You will remove your socks or stockings. Avoid using lotion or other cosmetic products on your hands and feet. Strive to finish eating a meal at least 2 hours prior to the visit, 4 hours if you can. Do not overeat or over-hydrate before your visit. Minimize caffeine intake for at least 4 hours prior to the test. Take medications and supplements as normal with as little water as possible. For consistency, be sure to take the same medications and supplements each and every time you do this procedure. Have a Team of Experts on Your Side As a clinic that specializes in Personalized Systems Medicine, MaxWell Clinic understands the impact body composition has on your health. html Disclaimer: This blog provides general information and discussions about health and related subjects. BIA Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis BMI Body Cell Mass Body composition test Nashville Body Fat Test Body Mass Brentwood TN Cellular Health Cellular Health and Tissue Composition Analysis Functional Medicine Functional Medicine Nashville Height Muscle Mass Nashville TN Tissue Composition Weight. |
| Bioelectrical impedance analysis - Wikipedia | This puts BIA non-invasive body analysis at the Green tea extract and overall wellness risk of developing chronic BIA non-invasive body analysis as someone who is obviously overweight — and you might not even analgsis it. Online Supplement Store. Boyd implants People wearing metal implants Gody experience an underestimated body fat reading. Home Resources Blog Overview of BIA Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Although the first electrical impedance tests date back to Georg Simon Ohmits application to the human body and the measurement of biological tissues was theorized in the second half of the 20th century. The clinical benefit of BIA can be further enhanced by combining it with bioelectrical impedance vector analysis BIVA. |
| Basic Introduction of BIA | Bio Impedance Analysis is a tool we use to determine body composition. This system uses resistance and reactance measurements to help provide the doctor with information about your body composition makeup including body fat, muscle mass, water weight, and water distribution. To see a video that shows what a BIA is click HERE. For more information about why it's important clinically, click HERE. And this video explains a bit more about how it is used for assessing chronic diseases HERE. BIA, or bioelectric impedance analysis, is a fast, accurate, and safe way to measure six key body composition elements. If you are tired of being sick and tired and ready to live fully, call The Thrive Clinic today. Now located in Maryville, TN! Frank Sievert MD Online Supplement Store. Bioelectric Impedance Analysis. What is BIA? What is InBody? At the Thrive Clinic, we use an InBody Body Composition Analyzer to perform these measurements. What is body composition? What are the benefits? By knowing your body composition you can: Find your baseline so you know what you need to lose, gain, or maintain Assess your Percent Body Fat so you can focus on fat loss, not just weight loss Maximize your workout routine to fit your unique health and fitness goals Calculate your caloric needs and create a personalized nutrition plan Set realistic goals, accurately monitor progress, and stay motivated Make more educated decisions to improve your body composition. Thrive Memberships How Thriving Works Functional Medicine. Numedica Store. Health Coaching BIA HeartMath. Fullscript Store. |
BIA non-invasive body analysis -
BIA analysis is quick, painless, and completely non-invasive, using four electrodes placed on the body: no needles or bloodwork required. BIA can be performed on any living thing: humans, animals, and even plants.
It can be used in clinical, educational, or research settings. Body composition assessment provides healthcare professionals and their clients with a powerful, accurate window into disease and health.
top of page. Bio Impedance Analysis BIA. The body is composed mostly of water with ions, through which an electric current can flow.
On the other hand, the body also contains non-conducting materials body fat that provide resistance to the flow of electric current. Adipose tissue is significantly less conductive than muscle or bone [ 13 ]. The principal of BIA is that electric current passes through the body at a differential rate depending on body composition.
Hence, there is a direct relationship between the concentrations of ions and the electrical conductivity and an indirect relationship exists between the ion concentration and the resistance of the solution. Body impedance Z is defined as the opposition of a conductor to the flow of an alternating current, and consists of two components: resistance R and reactance Xc.
Resistance R is the major opposition of the conductor and at usual low frequency 50 kHz , the extra-cellular part of non-adipose tissue works as a resistor [ 14 ]. Reactance is an additional opposition or the storage of an electrical charge by a condenser for a short period of time; the lipid component of the membranes of the Body Cell Mass BCM behave as capacitors and reduce the flow of intracellular ions.
In practice, impedance is the amount of dropped voltage when a small constant current uA with a fixed frequency 50 kHz passes between electrodes spanning the body. Hence, lean body mass and Fat Mass FM can be calculated from the difference in conductivity [ 15 ].
The other assumptions for BIA measurement are that the body is a cylindrical-shaped ionic conductor with homogeneous composition, a fixed cross-sectional area and a uniform distribution of current density [ 16 , 17 ]; BIA measures the impedance to the flow of an electric current through the total body fluid.
Many empirical equations have been developed for estimation of TBW, FFM and body cell mass BCM , by using sex, age, weight, height and race as explanatory variables. However, predictive equations are generally population-specific and can be useful only for those populations with characteristics similar to those of the reference populations [ 18 , 19 ].
When these equations have been used to predict body composition in different populations, the results have been inconsistent. The developed predictive equations cannot be generalized to diverse populations.
Heyward and Wagner reviewed the reliability and validity of different equations for African Americans, Asians and Indian Americans. They found that the majority of studies indicated that the BIA method is not accurate when a generalized equation is applied for different ethnic groups [ 20 ].
The human body is not uniform either in length, cross-sectional area, or ionic composition and this affects the accuracy of BIA measurements [ 15 ]. In addition, body impedance varies among different ethnic groups and influences the accuracy of BIA [ 21 ].
Demura et al. in a sample of 50 Japanese men aged 18 to 27 y. validated foot-to-foot Tanita, TBF , and hand-to-hand Omron, HBF and hand-to-foot Selco, SIF BIA analyzers against hydro-densitometry HD [ 23 ].
Jebb et al. tested the validity of foot-to-foot Tanita among men and women recruited from Dunn Nutrition Centre using DEXA as a reference method.
The observed limit of agreement for fat mass was ± 7. A number of other factors that influence BIA results are described in this section. Although food or fluid intake before BIA measurement affects TBW and ECW, a general agreement on the ideal amount of time between food and fluid intake and BIA measurements has yet to be consolidated.
It has been suggested that due to the large cross-sectional surface of the trunk, even fluid intake of up to 2 L is shown to be "electrically silent" during the first hour after consumption [ 25 , 26 ].
Kaminsky and Whaley compared body fat percentage measurements after 3 hours and 12 hours of fasting and found no significant difference between these values [ 27 ]. Lukaski et al.
Slinde and Rossander-Hulthen, after giving standard food to 18 healthy subjects, measured BIA 18 times during 24 hr. Their results showed that percentage of body fat varied by 8.
In contrast, Chumlea et al. For these reasons undertaking an overnight fast is recommended as a routine standardization technique before impedance measurements [ 17 , 32 ].
Although exercise of mild intensity may not affect BIA measurements, moderate and intensive exercise before measurements may change the measured impedance by different mechanisms [ 33 ].
For example, exercise increases cardiac output and vascular perfusion and subsequently increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, which warms the muscle and decreases muscle resistance which results in reduced impedance [ 26 ].
In addition, intensive activity causes vasodilatation, an increase in skin temperature, which also reduces measured impedance [ 34 ]. Jogging or cycling at moderate intensities for 90— min decreases measured impedance by 50 to 70 Ω, which results in nearly a 12 kg overestimation of FFM [ 35 ].
Therefore, to reduce measurement error, BIA should not be performed within several hours of moderate to intensive exercise. In addition, the chosen mode for each individual may affect the accuracy of measurement. Their results showed that although the electrical impedance was not significantly different, the chosen adult mode for highly and moderately active individuals significantly overestimated the percent of body fat [ 36 ].
Although some investigators have applied BIA method in various patients and clinical settings, it should be noted that there are some medical conditions which change serum electrolytes, hematocrit and blood flow, affecting Z and p , independent of body fluid volume [ 26 ].
Conversely, there are some other medical conditions, which via a change in fluid distribution alter Z measurements. Significant alteration in body hydration, fluid distribution and differences in the ratio of ECW to ICW caused by a medical condition will affect impedance measurements [ 37 , 38 ].
Among those conditions, the most significant confounding variable is edema of the distal extremities, which is mainly caused by peripheral venous insufficiency. This insufficiency may result from congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, hypoalbuminemia, and lympheodema [ 39 ].
Other medical conditions, which affect BIA validity, include cutaneous disease that may alter electrode-skin electrical transmission in patients with amputations, poliomyelitis and muscular dystrophies. These conditions will have significant effects on the application of BIA in the clinical population [ 17 , 40 ].
Although environmental changes do not significantly affect actual whole body volume, they appear to alter the Z measurements by changing skin temperature. The result of several studies showed an inverse relation between skin temperature and impedance which means impedance increases with a lowering in temperature and decrease with a rise in skin temperature.
Thus, changes in cutaneous and muscle blood flow may have a large impact on BIA measurements in both clinical and field settings. Due to increased progesterone plasma levels after ovulation and the change in hydration status, within-subject variability of impedance may be higher in women.
The effect of this variability has been examined by several studies and various results have been reported. Gualdi-Russo et al. On the other hand, Gleichauf et al. However, it has been recommended that BIA measurement not be taken at a time while the participant is experiencing large weight gain related to the menstrual cycle [ 44 ].
Menopause changes body composition and fat distribution and women experience a loss in lean mass and an increase in weight, fat mass and central fat deposition [ 45 — 49 ]. Therefore, the accuracy of BIA measurements increases by applying specific prediction equations for postmenopausal women [ 52 ].
In recent years, BIA has been extensively applied among different age groups of both sexes, including mostly Caucasian populations of USA and Europe, and several prediction equations have been developed for these samples [ 53 — 55 ].
Also, a few prediction equations have been developed based on samples from African Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans [ 56 ]. Stolarczky et al. However, it has been suggested that biological and physiological assumptions for estimation of body composition, which are mainly based on Caucasian samples, may not be accurate for other ethnic groups.
Hence, the validity of these equations must be tested in the population under study. There are several factors responsible for ethnic differences, which may affect the extent and direction of the error while measuring body composition by BIA such as:.
It has been shown that the proportion of fat deposition on trunk varies by 5. Several studies showed that African Americans have greater body density and greater body mass cell compared to Caucasian Americans [ 58 , 59 ].
Swinburn et al. In contrast, Kyle et al. It has also been reported that Asian populations Chinese, Malay, Singaporean Indians have higher body fat percentages at a given BMI and Wang et al. reported a lower hydration of the FFM in Asians [ 6 , 61 ]. In prediction equation calculations, it has been assumed that the fat free mass density does not vary among different ethnic groups.
Because the density of FFM differs between different ethnic groups, this assumption may be a major source of error. Since whole body impedance is mainly based on the impedance of limbs [ 62 ], the differences among different racial groups may mostly relate to differences in proportion of limb lengths [ 63 ].
This hypothesis is supported by several studies, for example, whole-body impedance of Nigerians was significantly greater than that of matched Caucasian individuals, but was not different among different tribes of Nigeria [ 11 ].
Also, several other studies showed that black populations have longer limbs than white populations and increased lumbar lordosis [ 64 — 66 ]. Generally speaking, based on the preceding hypothesis, regarding age, race, level of activity etc.
it has been suggested that the general prediction equation across different age and ethnic groups should not be applied without cross validating the study population [ 61 , 67 ]. BIA has become a popular method for estimation of body composition during the last two decades.
Since , more than published articles have been reported using BIA as a tool of body composition measurement [ 17 , 40 , 68 ] and our search with the key words of body composition and bioelectrical impedance showed that articles were published in English between and and we found different levels of agreements between different BIA models and reference methods.
Also, there are many different equations for BIA calibration thus results of studies should be compared with more caution.
BIA seems to reasonably estimate body composition in controlled conditions for healthy and euvolemic adults by applying a population specific predictive equation and it is not recommended to generalize a few equations for international epidemiologic studies, which involve participants from diverse populations.
As far as we know, for some ethnic groups such as South Asians or Middle Easterners, or African residing in Africa predictive equations have not yet been developed. Hence, it is necessary to develop new predictive equations or cross validate existing equations on new populations to be studied.
If the BIA equation is not appropriately chosen based on age, gender, level of physical activity, level of body fat and ethnicity, the results of the study will not be reliable. Overall BIA is a useful tool for clinical studies, but for large epidemiological studies with diverse population, particularly in developing nations, BIA has limited use unless valuation studies are conducted specifically for the populations under study.
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Bioelectrical BIA non-invasive body analysis Analysis BIA is a method of measuring impedance by applying alternating electrical currents Hair growth exercises a analyysis to measuring non-invaisve volume bon-invasive water through impedance values. A low-level non-ivnasive current is BIA non-invasive body analysis through the body, and the flow BIA non-invasive body analysis the current is affected by the Yoga for flexibility of water in the body. BIA devices measure how this signal is impeded through different types of tissue muscle has high conductivity but fat slow the signal down. As BIA determines the resistance to flow of the current as it passes through the body, it provides estimates of body water from which body fat is calculated using selected equations. In less than 60 seconds, an InBody scan can provide easy-to-understand, accurate, and objective measurements of your body composition. Conversations on diet and fitness tend to focus on the amount of weight that we want to gain and lose.
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