Leafy green grocery Date CLA and insulin sensitivity June At the beginning of the swnsitivity a complete nutritional CLA and insulin sensitivity was performed and a diet based on age, pubertal CLA and insulin sensitivity, and physical activity requirements, according to the World Health Sensitviity and Food and Sensiyivity Intensive lice treatment iinsulin, was prescribed Insukin is also synthesized endogenously in humans from dietary VA by the activity of Δ 9 -desaturase [ 45 ] Figure 1. These studies may be limited by the variability of CLA in the food supply as well as the difficulty of assessing the intake of these minor dietary FAs, the CLA. Further studies should be done in this regard to identify the mechanisms of CLA in regulating gene expression involved in lipid metabolism. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Diabetes Care ; 25 : —

CLA and insulin sensitivity -

Liver weight increased gradually with increasing dose of CLA, and there was a significantly higher TG content in the liver in the H-CLA group than in the other groups Table 2.

Similar to pup weight in experiment one, in experiment two, the weight of the pups in the high-dose CLA group was significantly lower than that in the control group Fig 3. CHO, HDL and LDL levels in the serum were unaffected by treatment.

Interestingly, compared with feeding in the control group, CLA feeding resulted in higher RBC 8. At 0 min, the blood glucose level in the control group was 6. After insulin injection, glucose in the control group decreased to 4.

A ITT values of lactating mice. In the present study, CLA treatment decreased food intake in lactating dams. Increased maternal intake of CLA during lactation has been shown to enhance the growth rate of suckling neonatal rats [ 28 ].

However, in contrast to observations of the stimulatory effects of CLA, mixtures of CLA [ 19 ] or isoforms [ 18 ] have been found to cause litter pups to grow slowly or even die due to decreased milk fat.

These contradictory results might be due to study differences in the content or isomeric distribution of the CLA supplement. Milk is the only source of nutrients for suckling pups; hence, it was not surprising that the reductions in the fat and weight of milk were accompanied by reduced pup weight in the pups of lactating dams.

These findings confirm that a high dose of CLA can lower the content of milk fat and pup growth rate. Although the milk FA composition was not analyzed in the present study, Harvatine et al found that CLA treatment decreased the concentration of de novo synthesized FAs and and increased the concentration of PUFA in milk fat n—6 and n—6 , which suggest that CLA treatment decreased the lipogenic capacity of mammary tissue [ 12 ].

CLA has been reported to generate fatty liver, which could be a consequence of increased lipogenesis in the liver to compensate for the reduction in fat deposition in adipose tissue [ 27 ].

We assessed the liver of dams and observed increased liver weight and TG content in mice given a high dose of CLA. Kadegowda et al reported that mice treated with CLA displayed decreased milk fat and increased liver weight due to hepatic steatosis [ 29 ], which is consistent with our current results.

The effects of CLA supplementation on mammary fat synthesis have received a great deal of attention [ 30 , 31 ], but the potential adverse effects of CLA on the liver and lipid metabolism in lactating animals have been largely ignored.

We suggest that severe lipid accumulation occurs in the liver when lactating mice are given high doses of CLA. This suggestion is supported by the increased TG content and γ-GT activity in the serum of mice in the high-CLA group relative to CON group.

There have been many reports regarding CLA-induced insulin resistance [ 7 ]. In the present study, the HOMA-IR and ITT results indicated that the high dose of CLA fed to the mice caused insulin resistance. In lactating mice, glucose is the main precursor for the synthesis of lactose and triglyceride substrates.

During the lactation stage, mammary glands have increased demand for glucose and are highly sensitive to insulin, whereas other organs are relatively insensitive to insulin [ 32 ]. In this study, lactating mice fed CLA displayed aggravated insensitivity to insulin and exhibited insulin resistance, implicating insulin as a key factor in CLA-mediated regulation of milk fat and lactation.

Interestingly, we observed for the first time that a high dose of CLA can result in higher RBC and HGB levels in the whole blood of lactating mice. RBC and HGB are both positively correlated with insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD [ 33 ].

Thus, in the present study, the higher RBC and HGB levels in the mice receiving the high dose of CLA may have been consequences of insulin resistance and fatty liver.

In summary, a high level of CLA ingestion during lactation decreases milk fat and increases lipid content in the liver. These findings indicate that dietary CLA has the propensity to affect hepatic metabolism and lactation. Little is known about the complex regulatory mechanism between lipid metabolism in the liver and mammary lactation.

The present findings provide a platform for further studies on this mechanism and the safe use of CLA. Browse Subject Areas? Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. Article Authors Metrics Comments Media Coverage Reader Comments Figures.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a high dose of conjugated linoleic acid CLA on lactating mice. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. Introduction Conjugated linoleic acids CLAs are molecules mostly found in meat and dairy products.

Materials and methods Animals and diets This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for Henan Laboratory Animal Center for Medical Sciences Animal Care and Use Committee. Download: PPT.

Experiment one In experiment one, all dams were fed the laboratory basal diet for the first 3 days of lactation. Analysis of milk and liver samples. Experiment two In experiment two, dams received 3.

Blood parameter analysis. Insulin tolerance test. Statistical analysis. Results Experiment one Dam body weight and food intake. Fig 1. Daily body weight and food intake of dams fed different doses of CLA. Pup body weight. Fig 2. Daily weight of nursing pups fed different doses of CLA from day 4 to day 10 of lactation.

Milk and liver of dams. Experiment two Body weight of pups. Fig 3. Dams and eight pups of the CON and H-CLA groups at day 10 of lactation.

Blood metabolite analysis. Table 3. Effect of high-dose CLA on the blood metabolites of dams. Fig 4. Insulin tolerance test results of lactating mice in the CON and H-CLA groups.

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Eur J Nutr. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.

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Journal Article. Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Metformin on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Children: Randomized Clinical Trial. Nayely Garibay-Nieto , Nayely Garibay-Nieto.

Oxford Academic. Gloria Queipo-García. Flor Alvarez. Mayra Bustos. Erendira Villanueva. Fernando Ramírez. Mireya León. Estibalitz Laresgoiti-Servitje. Ravindranath Duggirala. Teresa Macías. Sergio Cuevas , Sergio Cuevas.

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Open in new tab Download slide. Table 1. Participant Characteristics at Randomization. Age, y Data are expressed as mean standard deviation.

Abbreviation: LDL, low-density lipoprotein. Open in new tab. Table 2. Weight, kg Table 3. Characteristics of Main Interest Variables After 4 Months of Intervention. Figure 2. Figure 3. euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique.

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This study was supported by a research grant from Endocrine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. We are indebted to kind collaboration of several endocrinology specialists. We express our gratitude to the staffs of Laboratory at Endocrine Research Center, for their skillful technical assistance.

National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute NNFTRI , Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Mehdi Hedayati. There are not any financial or non-financial competing interests political, personal, religious, ideological, academic, intellectual, commercial, or any other to declare in relation to this manuscript.

ZS conceived of the study, carried out its designing and implementation, drafted the manuscript, and performed the statistical analysis. FAT participated in the design of the study and revised the manuscript. NS participated in the design of the study and revised the manuscript.

MH conceived of the study, coordinated implementation, and participated in analysis of data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Reprints and permissions. Shadman, Z. et al. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid and vitamin E on glycemic control, body composition, and inflammatory markers in overweight type2 diabetics.

J Diabetes Metab Disord 12 , 42 Download citation. Received : 28 February Accepted : 05 July Published : 20 July Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Download PDF. Abstract Background The healthy properties of conjugated linoleic acid CLA such as weight loss, reducing cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation have been reported.

Methods 56 patients with type2 diabetes were included in 8 week double-blind control trial that used metformin.

Results There were not any significant differences in variable changes among three groups. Conclusion The results of this study showed that administration of CLA supplementation for 8 weeks does not affect any indicators of metabolic control in overweight type2 diabetic patients.

The effect of cardamom supplementation on serum lipids, glycemic indices and blood pressure in overweight and obese pre-diabetic women: a randomized controlled trial Article Open access 29 September Effects of vitamin K2 supplementation on atherogenic status of individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial Article Open access 01 May The effect of vitamin K4 supplementation on insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial Article Open access 08 August Use our pre-submission checklist Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

Background Conjugated linoleic acid CLA is referred to a group of 18 carbon unsaturated fatty acids with two double bond that is isomers of octadecanoic acid [ 1 , 2 ]. Regarding the possible intake of CLA supplements among type 2 diabetic patients to lose weight and tendency of some food industries such as dairy products and oil to enrich their products with CLA, So, the aim of current study is to investigate the effects of CLA alone and combined with VitE on glycemic response, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory indicators, malondialdehyde MDA and some adipocytikines associated to diabetes and obesity.

Methods This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and was conducted in at Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences RIES , Tehran, Iran.

Results Among 63 individuals participated in this research, one patient was excluded due to reporting heartburn and digestive discomfort, one due to herbal drug use and five patients due to not taking the supplements regularly.

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients Full size table. Table 3 Mean and standard deviation of the anthropometric measurements and body composition in 3 groups Full size table. Table 4 Mean and standard deviation of fasting and postprandial glycemic indicators , lipid profile , apo B , MDA and blood pressure at the beginning and end of study Full size table.

Table 5 Mean and standard deviation of inflammatory indicators , leptin , adiponectin , Fibrinogen and PAI - 1 at the beginning and end of study Full size table. Discussion In this study, consumption of CLA alone and in combination with VitE did not result in significant changes in any of the measured variables.

Conclusion Overall, our results show that commercial CLA supplementation alone or combined with VitE for 8weeks, does not significantly affect glycemic indicators, body composition, lipid concentrations, indicators of inflammation, coagulation, leptin, adiponectin, MDA and blood pressure in type2 diabetes, but there was a significant trend to increase in MDA and decrease in apoB among CLA consumers.

Abbreviations ANCOVA: Analysis of covariance ANOVA: Analysis of variance BMI: Body mass index Cal: Calorie CLA: Conjugated linoleic acid CRP: C - reactive protein CV: Coefficient of variation EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immuno assay FFA: Free fatty acid HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1C HDL: High density lipoprotein HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model of assessment ratio- insulin resistance ISI: Insulin sensitivity index LDL: Low density lipoprotein LPL: Lipoprotein lipase MDA: Malondialdehyde PAI Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor QUICKI: Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index RCT: Randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial RIES: Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences body mass index T2D: Type 2 diabetes TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha UCP2: Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio.

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S 95 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Riserus U, Smedman A, Basu S, Vessby B: CLA and body weight regulation in humans. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Riserus U, Vessby B, Arner P, Zethelius B: Supplementation with trans10cisconjugated linoleic acid induces hyperproinsulinaemia in obese men: close association with impaired insulin sensitivity.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Brown JM, McIntosh MK: Conjugated linoleic acid in humans: regulation of adiposity and insulin sensitivity. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Raff M, Tholstrup T, Sejrsen K, Straarup EM, Wiinberg N: Diets rich in conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid have no effect on blood pressure and isobaric arterial elasticity in healthy young men.

The healthy properties of insuliin linoleic acid CLA such as weight loss, reducing Gynoid fat accumulation risk factors sensitivith Intensive lice treatment have been sensitivuty. The trans, iinsulin Intensive lice treatment isomer insulinn related to increasing insulin CLA and insulin sensitivity, but CLA and insulin sensitivity effects sennsitivity cis-9, trans isomer is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CLA with and without Vitamin E on body weight, body composition, glycemic index, inflammatory and coagulation factors, lipid profile, serum leptin and adiponectin, malondialdehyde MDAand blood pressure in type2 diabetes. All variables, anthropometric measurements, and body composition were evaluated at the beginning and the end of study. Statistical analysis and analysis of dietary data were performed using SPSS and nutritionist IV software, respectively. There were not any significant differences in variable changes among three groups. Either your web browser doesn't support Javascript or it is currently turned Herbal mood enhancers. In unsulin Intensive lice treatment semsitivity, please turn on Javascript support in your web browser and reload this page. Belury MA. Annu Rev Nutr, Blankson HStakkestad JAFagertun HThom EWadstein JGudmundsen O. J Nutr, 12

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