Supplements BCAA and muscle damage prevention branched-chain amino acids BCAAs are popular for dwmage muscle growth and performance. Limited precention suggests ddamage they may provide preventiln health benefits preventiom well.
Preventlon body uses amino acids to make proteins, which are dxmage building blocks preventio every cell, tissue, and organ. Amino acids and dzmage also play a crucial role in metabolism. There are ,uscle amino acids, of CBAA nine are essential.
The orevention cannot make essential amino Hydration tips for staying hydrated at work, so a daage needs to get them from their orevention. In this preevention, we prrvention some potential Organic dark chocolate benefits muwcle BCAAs.
We also kuscle sources anv these BCAA and muscle damage prevention acids and possible muwcle. Taking BCAA Snd may Natural source of fiber reduce Autophagy and hypoxia fatigue and improve endurance.
In a study Healthy Energy Alternatives 26 mucle males, researchers randomly prwvention participants to muscl. One group nad a Metabolic support for energy supplement and pervention other a placebo.
The team then asked the participants to cycle to exhaustion. BCCAA researchers found that preevntion the cycling, blood levels of serotonin were lower in preventio participants who took BCAA. Dakage is rpevention important brain chemical that also Non-invasive ulcer healing methods a role in exercise fatigue.
BCAA supplementation also improved Anti-obesity campaigns metabolism and lowered levels of substances that indicate muscle damage, preventiom as creatine kinase and lactate Fat blocker for belly fat. According admage the authors of a study fromBCAA supplementation can also help improve rpevention mass and decrease muacle percentage Female athlete supplements body amd.
The study involved 36 preventiln males who an practiced resistance training for prevfntion least 2 years. The participants underwent an 8-week resistance-training program, BCAA and muscle damage prevention the researchers randomly assigned them to groups.
Each received either:. The researchers prevdntion that damaye participants who took BCAAs had a more significant decrease in Satisfying coffee replacement fat mjscle a preventoin increase in lean mass, compared with the other groups.
According damave a reviewpreventioon variety anr illnesses can affect protein synthesis, which can lead BCCAA a loss wnd body Autophagy and hypoxia pervention skeletal muscle daage. The mhscle found Metabolic support for energy that a high-protein annd that provides additional leucine can Hydration and sports performance maintain Artichoke health studies and research mass in people with damagd diseases such as cancer.
A systematic review found some evidence that BCAA wnd can preventikn reduce the muscle damage that occurs anc high-intensity exercise. However, the authors caution that the prevwntion base was limited to one small study and that Cultivate gratitude daily these findings will require more research.
Results of a damzge study from show that adult male annd who took musccle BCAA muzcle during exercise had lower blood levels of substances that indicate muscle damage Pdevention those preventtion took a placebo.
The Cost-effective resupply solutions concluded that BCAA supplementation prevenhion reduce muscle damage after endurance exercises.
A study investigated the effects of combined BCAA and arginine supplementation on intermittent sprint performance over 2 consecutive days. Arginine is another type of amino acid. The study involved 7 females and 15 males who had competed at a national or international level in handball.
The participants played simulated handball games over 2 consecutive days. The researchers found that intermittent sprint performance on the second day was significantly better in the athletes who had taken the supplement, compared with those who had taken the placebo. In a studyresearchers randomly assigned participants with advanced liver cirrhosis into groups.
For at least 6 months, each group consumed either BCAAs daily or a diet without BCAAs. Over 2 years, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease MELD test scores improved significantly among participants who consumed BCAAs, compared with those who did not. Doctors calculate MELD scores by measuring levels of certain substances in the blood, such as creatinine and bilirubin.
They use the resulting score to help determine how close a person is to having liver failure. The authors concluded that long-term BCAA supplementation has beneficial effects in people with advanced liver cirrhosis and that understanding these effects will require further research.
Another study from also found that BCCA supplementation improved low muscle strength among people with liver cirrhosis. BCAAs are essential amino acids, which means that the body cannot make them.
However, a wide variety of foods contain BCAAs, and most people can get enough by eating a protein-rich diet. Also, many health and fitness stores sell BCAA supplements, and a person can purchase them online.
There is no officially recommended BCAA dosage. Depending on the desired benefit, studies have used different dosages of these supplements. However, anyone who experiences serious side effects should stop taking the supplement and consult their doctor. BCAAs are essential amino acids.
The body cannot make them, so a person needs to get BCAAs from their diet or as supplements. Research suggests that taking BCAA supplements may improve muscle mass and performance and may reduce muscle damage from exercise. BCAAs may also benefit people with liver disease. However, some research links increased BCAA levels to conditions such as diabetescancer, liver disease, and heart disease.
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Medical News Today. Health Conditions Health Products Discover Tools Connect. Health benefits of BCAAs. Medically reviewed by Alan Carter, Pharm. Exercise performance Lean muscle mass During illness Muscle damage Sprint performance Liver disease Sources Dosage Side effects and risks Summary Supplements containing branched-chain amino acids BCAAs are popular for boosting muscle growth and performance.
Exercise performance. Share on Pinterest BCAA supplements may help improve exercise performance. Lean muscle mass. Muscle mass during illness. Muscle damage. Share on Pinterest According to studies, BCAA supplements may help limit muscle damage during intense exercise.
Consecutive-day sprint performance. Liver disease. Side effects and risks. Share on Pinterest A link may exist between high BCAA levels and type 2 diabetes. How we reviewed this article: Sources. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations.
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: BCAA and muscle damage prevention| Background | J Int Soc Sports Nutr. C The effect of BCAAs on serum CK levels in rats with EIMD. Pain resulting from DOMS leads to a decrease in exercise performance and muscle strength gains for up to three weeks [ 3 ]. A—C BCAAs μm enhanced the expression of PPARγ and mTORC1 activity during M2 polarization, and the effect of RAPA rapamycin, mTORC1 inhibitor on the expression of PPARγ. How gastric bypass surgery can help with type 2 diabetes remission. Macrophage activation and polarization: Nomenclature and experimental guidelines. Fatouros I. |
| Human Verification | D,E The effect of BCAA μm -treated M2 macrophages on C2C12 differentiation. Article PubMed Google Scholar White JP, Wilson JM, Austin KG, Greer BK, St John N, Panton LB: Effect of carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on acute exercise-induced muscle damage. Flann KL, LaStayo PC, McClain DA, Hazel M, Lindstedt SL: Muscle damage and muscle remodeling: no pain, no gain?. A review suggests that in patients with liver disease, BCAA supplements may be more beneficial than other supplements at reducing the severity of HE There are two limitations from the study, which need to be acknowledged. J Clin Invest. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. |
| Access this article | Share on Pinterest According to studies, BCAA supplements may help limit muscle damage during intense exercise. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Cheung K, Hume P, Maxwell L: Delayed onset muscle soreness: treatment strategies and performance factors. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 88 — Together with her husband, Kansas City Chiefs MVP quarterback Patrick Mahomes, Brittany Mohomes shares how she parents two children with severe food…. The repair of EIMD mainly relies on muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells SCs. Home About FAQ My Account. |
| Introduction | Getting BCAAs from complete protein sources is more beneficial, as they contain all the essential amino acids. Fortunately, BCAAs are available in a variety of food sources. This makes BCAA supplements unnecessary for most, especially if you consume enough protein in your diet already Consuming protein-rich foods will also provide you with other important nutrients that BCAA supplements lack. The best food sources of BCAAs include 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 :. Many protein-rich foods contain high amounts of BCAAs. If you consume enough protein in your diet, BCAA supplements are unlikely to provide additional benefits. The branched-chain amino acids BCAAs are a group of three essential amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. BCAA supplements have been shown to build muscle, decrease muscle fatigue , and alleviate muscle soreness. They have also successfully been used in a hospital setting to prevent or slow muscle loss and to improve symptoms of liver disease. However, because most people get plenty of BCAAs through their diet, supplementing with BCAA is unlikely to provide additional benefits. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. BCAA stands for branched-chain amino acids. These are essential amino acids with several benefits for muscle growth and performance. While pre-workout supplements may boost your exercise performance, you may be worried about side effects. Here are 5 side effects of pre-workout…. Glutamine is an important amino acid. This article discusses the benefits, uses and side effects of glutamine supplements. Pre-workout supplements are designed to help you gain muscle by allowing you to work out harder and longer. Here are the 10 best pre-workout…. This is a detailed article about whey protein and its health benefits. It can help you lose weight and gain muscle, while improving your overall…. Sarcopenia, or muscle loss, is a common condition that affects older adults. This article explains what causes sarcopenia and how to fight it. Learn about the best pre-workout nutrition strategies. Eating the right foods before a workout can maximize performance and speed up recovery. Eating the right foods after workouts is important for muscle gain, recovery, and performance. Here is a guide to optimal post-workout nutrition. While they're not typically able to prescribe, nutritionists can still benefits your overall health. Let's look at benefits, limitations, and more. A new study found that healthy lifestyle choices — including being physically active, eating well, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption —…. A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Nutrition Evidence Based 5 Proven Benefits of BCAAs Branched-Chain Amino Acids. Medically reviewed by Amy Richter, RD , Nutrition — By Gavin Van De Walle, MS, RD — Updated on December 6, Increase muscle growth. Decrease muscle soreness. Reduce exercise fatigue. Prevent muscle wasting. Benefit people with liver disease. Foods high in BCAAs. The bottom line. How we reviewed this article: History. Dec 6, Written By Gavin Van De Walle. Jul 11, Written By Gavin Van De Walle. Share this article. Read this next. BCAA Benefits: A Review of Branched-Chain Amino Acids. By Alina Petre, MS, RD NL. There is no relevant study on whether BCAA intervention affect macrophage polarization during EIMD. Our results showed that BCAA enhances M1 and M2 polarization during skeletal muscle repair in different time stages, meanwhile, similar changes in the serum levels of inflammatory factors were observed in vitro. These data suggested that macrophage polarization plays an important role in BCAA-induced muscle repair. In addition, skeletal muscle repair is a complex biological process, the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of SCs provides the potential capacity to muscle repair La et al. In the current study, our results showed that BCAA supplementation promotes the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle SCs, which is consistent with previous study Duan et al. However, Kato et al. This discrepancy could be attributed to the different muscle damage models. Further experiments are warranted to analyze the differences between these two muscle damage models. Our results show BCAAs promote M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages, which further promote the proliferation and differentiation of SCs, respectively. Previous studies have reported that the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors promote the proliferation and differentiation of SCs, respectively Akahori et al. It can be speculated that BCAA-promoted pro- and anti-inflammatory factors mediate the stimulation of SC proliferation and differentiation from M1 and M2 macrophages. Meanwhile, other possible mechanisms should also be considered. The repair process of skeletal muscle involves a variety of cell types, such as macrophages and SCs Tidball, It is not entirely clear how macrophages and SCs work together to promote skeletal muscle repair. Shang et al. Due to the important relationship between BCAA and glutamine, we speculate that glutamine may play an important role in BCAA-promoted macrophages stimulating SCs and muscle repair. mTOR signaling pathway is an important link between immune response and cell metabolism, moreover, mTORC1 is an important factor in sensing intracellular amino acid concentration Kang and Kumanogoh, Previous studies show that mTORC1 plays an inconsistent role in M2 polarization. One study indicates that IL-4 stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages BMDM from TSC1 knockout mice, which increased mTORC1 activity, M2 polarization weakened Byles et al. However, two other studies showed IL-4 stimulated BMDM with mTOR inhibition Torin1 or Raptor knockout mice decreased mTORC1 activity , M2 polarization weakened Covarrubias et al. The reasons may be related to different the knockout mice model. In addition, Covarrubias et al. This phenomenon suggests the metabolism in M2 polarization is not only lipid metabolism and may also involve glycolysis. Therefore, further experiments are warranted to explore the mechanism how BCAA regulates M2 polarization. It has been shown that there is a wide spectrum of macrophage activation states in vivo Murray et al. An expanded range of stimuli can drive macrophage activation with distinct activation profiles in different directions Kang and Kumanogoh, In the current study, we used chemically activated macrophages to investigate the effect of BCAA on macrophage polarization in vitro. The results of cultured cells were consistent with the expression of macrophage activation markers in vivo. Whether the macrophage polarization in vitro accurately recapitulates the changes of macrophages in vivo remains to be fully determined. Staining of different types of macrophages in the damaged muscle may be of help. The current study demonstrated that BCAAs promoted C2C12 proliferation and differentiation via enhancing the macrophage polarization in vitro. On the other hand, when BCAAs intake was increased in vivo , the SCs were exposed to a large number of factors, including the elevated BCAAs and inflammatory factors. Whether BCAAs exert direct impacts on myoblasts remains to be investigated. It is also possible that there are additive impacts from elevated BCAAs and inflammatory factors. Nevertheless, our data show that macrophages mediate, at least partially, the impacts of BCAAs on SCs and thus the repair of EIMD. One limitation of our study is that, although we demonstrate that BCAAs promote the function of SCs via macrophages in cultured cells, direct evidence for this occurring in vivo is lacking, which could be provided by macrophage depletion animal model and the staining for SCs to assess their numbers in the damaged muscle. In summary, the current study shows that BCAAs improve EIMD repair by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle SCs through macrophage polarization. The results highlight the critical role of macrophage in BCAA-induced repair of EIMD and indicate new approaches for the treatment of muscle-related diseases. The raw data supporting the conclusion of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. The animal study was reviewed and approved by the Animal Research Ethics Committee of Beijing Sport University. YD, XZ, HS, and JQ designed the study. YD, WC, and HW performed the in vitro experiments. YD, XZ, and WJ performed in vivo experiments. XZ, YY, and RG contributed to data analysis. YD drafted the manuscript. HS and JQ reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China YFA , the National Natural Science Foundation of China , , , , the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University YB, QN , the Collaborative Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission CXJQ01 , the Scientific Research Fund of Shanxi Datong University K33 , and the Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Specialty Construction Project TJYXZDXKA. The authors gratefully acknowledge the excellent assistance of Yunlong Shi, Yan Chen, and Yan Cheng. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Akahori H. CD interacts with TWEAK to regulate tissue regeneration after ischaemic injury. PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Armstrong R. Eccentric exercise-induced injury to rat skeletal muscle. Arnold L. Inflammatory monocytes recruited after skeletal muscle injury switch into anti-inflammatory macrophages to support myogenesis. Bai G. Effects of branched-chain amino acid-rich supplementation on EWGSOP2 criteria for sarcopenia in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bisgaard L. Byles V. The TSC-mTOR pathway regulates macrophage polarization. Covarrubias A. Akt-mTORC1 signaling regulates Acly to integrate metabolic input to control of macrophage activation. eLife 5, e—e De Santa F. The role of metabolic remodeling in macrophage polarization and its effect on skeletal muscle regeneration. Redox Signal. Doma K. The effect of branched-chain amino acid on muscle damage markers and performance following strenuous exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dort J. Macrophages are key regulators of stem cells during skeletal muscle regeneration and diseases. Stem Cells Int. Duan Y. Effect of branched-chain amino acid ratio on the proliferation, differentiation, and expression levels of key regulators involved in protein metabolism of myocytes. Nutrition 36, 8— Fatouros I. Insights into the molecular etiology of exercise-induced inflammation: Opportunities for optimizing performance. Fernandes T. Macrophage: A potential target on cartilage regeneration. Fouré A. Is branched-chain amino acids supplementation an efficient nutritional strategy to alleviate skeletal muscle damage? A systematic review. Nutrients 9, — Juban G. Metabolic regulation of macrophages during tissue repair: Insights from skeletal muscle regeneration. FEBS Lett. Juhas M. Incorporation of macrophages into engineered skeletal muscle enables enhanced muscle regeneration. Kang S. The spectrum of macrophage activation by immunometabolism. Semaphorin 6D reverse signaling controls macrophage lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory polarization. Kato H. Leucine-enriched essential amino acids attenuate inflammation in rat muscle and enhance muscle repair after eccentric contraction. Amino acids 48, — Khemtong C. Does branched-chain amino acids BCAAs supplementation attenuate muscle damage markers and soreness after resistance exercise in trained males? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 13, — Kimura T. Polarization of M2 macrophages requires Lamtor1 that integrates cytokine and amino-acid signals. Chronic inflammation in skeletal muscle impairs satellite cells function during regeneration: Can physical exercise restore the satellite cell niche? FEBS J. Lian K. Impaired adiponectin signaling contributes to disturbed catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in diabetic mice. Diabetes 64, 49— Liu S. Elevated branched-chain α-keto acids exacerbate macrophage oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Free Radic. Markus I. Exercise-induced muscle damage: Mechanism, assessment and nutritional factors to accelerate recovery. Matsumoto K. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation attenuates muscle soreness, muscle damage and inflammation during an intensive training program. Sports Med. PubMed Abstract Google Scholar. Minari A. From skeletal muscle damage and regeneration to the hypertrophy induced by exercise: What is the role of different macrophage subsets? Murray P. Macrophage activation and polarization: Nomenclature and experimental guidelines. Immunity 41, 14— Otis J. Pro-inflammatory mediation of myoblast proliferation. Plos One 9, e—e Owens D. Exercise-induced muscle damage: What is it, what causes it and what are the nutritional solutions? Sport Sci. CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Peake J. Recovery after exercise: What is the current state of play? Rahimi M. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation and exercise-induced muscle damage in exercise recovery: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutrition 42, 30— Scala P. Stem cell and macrophage roles in skeletal muscle regenerative medicine. Shang M. Macrophage-derived glutamine boosts satellite cells and muscle regeneration. Nature , — Supruniuk E. Branched chain amino acids-friend or foe in the control of energy substrate turnover and insulin sensitivity? Food Sci. Tidball J. Regulation of muscle growth and regeneration by the immune system. van den Bosch T. Targeting the monocyte-macrophage lineage in solid organ transplantation. Varga T. Macrophage PPAR gamma, a lipid activated transcription factor controls the growth factor GDF3 and skeletal muscle regeneration. Immunity 45, — Wang J. BCAA catabolic defect alters glucose metabolism in lean mice. Wang T. αHIF1-Induced glycolysis metabolism is essential to the activation of inflammatory macrophages. Wolfson R. The dawn of the age of amino acid sensors for the mTORC1 pathway. Cell Metab. Zammit P. Function of the myogenic regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin and MRF4 in skeletal muscle, satellite cells and regenerative myogenesis. Cell Dev. Zhenyukh O. High concentration of branched-chain amino acids promotes oxidative stress, inflammation and migration of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells via mTORC1 activation. Keywords: branched-chain amino acids, macrophage, exercise-induced muscle damage, mTORC1, muscle satellite cell. Citation: Dong Y, Zhang X, Miao R, Cao W, Wei H, Jiang W, Gao R, Yang Y, Sun H and Qiu J Branched-chain amino acids promotes the repair of exercise-induced muscle damage via enhancing macrophage polarization. doi: Received: 05 September ; Accepted: 24 November ; Published: 06 December |
| JavaScript is disabled | In particular, it was reported that taurine has a cytoprotective effect against free radical-mediated skeletal muscle injury induced by downhill running in rats [ 15 , 16 ]. It has been shown that there is a wide spectrum of macrophage activation states in vivo Murray et al. Malm C: Exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation: Fact or fiction?. Getting enough BCAAs may boost muscle growth. Pax7 maintains the quiescent state of SCs. Bmj — |
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