Longevity and active aging -
Identifying other possible determinants and enhancing the methods to improve those determinants may help improve the QoL among older adults. Population demography across the globe shows an increasing trend in the aging population due to better healthcare, improved nutrition, advanced health-related technology, and decreased fertility rate 1.
By the year , the global population of older adults is expected to increase by approximately Most of these older adults will live in low- and middle-income countries [LMICs; 2 ]. Due to this rapid demographic transition, there will be a potential shortage of the productive young population in the coming decades 2.
Therefore, it is essential to develop strategies by which older people can be actively engaged to promote their wellbeing and that of their families.
In contrast to previous studies in this area 3 — 5 , which primarily focused on specific disease conditions or were conducted in developed regions, our study adopted a comprehensive approach to examine the association between active aging determinants and quality of life QoL among community-dwelling older adults from diverse cultural contexts.
This broader perspective provides valuable insights for early intervention programs and policies aimed at enhancing the lives of older adults 6 , 7. The novel findings of our study are crucial for understanding the various factors that contribute to QoL in older adults across different cultural settings, thus supporting their wellbeing and helping them age actively and healthily.
By extending our analysis beyond specific health conditions and incorporating a wider range of geographical regions, we hope to inform the development of more inclusive and effective policies and interventions for older adults around the world.
The framework intends to inform and guide discussion and formulation of action plans that foster healthy and active aging. Active aging emerges as a strategy to achieve QoL, permeated and influenced by six determinants: physical environment, health and social services, social environment, economic, personal, and behavioral determinants This multidimensional definition implies that this concept intersects with others, such as productive aging, healthy aging, and successful aging 11 — Furthermore, another study, using a sample from 27 European countries, examined QoL among older adults as a subset of active aging 7.
Within this broad framework of active aging and QoL, engaging in social activities, along with better physical health, financial condition, and security, are the essential aspects of QoL as defined by older adults themselves 14 , The concept of QoL is at times used conversely with active aging but is mainly considered as an outcome or the proxy measure of active aging 1 , 7 , 16 — Previous studies have reported the association of QoL with regard to diseases and clinical conditions among older adults 3 — 5 , but none have investigated the association of active aging determinants with QoL.
In this study, we aimed to fill the knowledge gap by investigating the association between active aging determinants and quality of life QoL among older adults.
Our research stands out from previous studies that mainly focused on the association of QoL with diseases and clinical conditions among older adults 3 — 5. By examining the association between active aging determinants and QoL, our study offers a more comprehensive understanding of these factors and their role in promoting active aging and better QoL for older adults.
Understanding the association of active aging determinants and QoL may help policymakers plan an early intervention or program to assist the future older adult in aging actively by optimizing their quality of life.
Ultimately, this will help in the comprehensive support of the aging population in physical, mental, social, and financial wellbeing. Thus, this study aims to demonstrate the association of active aging with QoL, describing the need for more all-inclusive and broader measures designed to incorporate these unique factors influencing healthcare, health outcomes, longevity, and overall QoL in older age.
This systematic review of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols PRISMA-P guidelines 19 and the study protocol were registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO : CRD Only studies published in the English language were considered in this review.
Studies were included based on a series of predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria as follows:. The study used the following inclusion criteria: i published original articles that assessed the association between active aging AA components and QoL domains; ii studies published between 1 January and 31 July ; iii having individuals aged 60 years or older as the study sample; and iv interventional, cross-sectional, and longitudinal study designs.
For QoL assessment, we considered studies that used self-reported QoL questionnaires and wellbeing scales containing QoL or Health-Related Quality of Life HRQoL domains life satisfaction, wellbeing, and self-rated health and specific domains that include QoL or HRQoL physical, cultural, social, psychological, mental, and spiritual domains.
In addition, we included studies that utilized other relevant QoL assessment tools, such as CASP, SF EQ5D, and VAS, due to their established validity in evaluating active aging and QoL. We decided not to limit the study search to those that assess QoL using only generic instruments WHOQoL or SF As a result, we also included key intervention and cohort studies that assessed the association between elements of AA and QoL domains.
We used keywords for active aging health, participation, and security and the population of interest geriatrics, older adults, elderly, aged people, and seniors , in combination with the keyword for QoL quality of life. All identified articles were screened independently by two reviewers RM and SS Appendix 1.
At first, titles and abstracts of identified articles were assessed, and then eligible articles with full texts were retrieved and screened in full against the eligibility criteria mentioned above. All disagreements that arose were solved via discussion with a third reviewer PKM, DM, or TTS. A flowchart detailing the study inclusion and exclusion process is included Figure 1.
Data were independently extracted by two reviewers RM and SS using a standardized data extraction template designed for this purpose. The quality of included studies was examined, independently, by two authors RM and PK using the Newcastle—Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale NOS of cross-sectional and cohort studies Here, we determined the quality of selection, comparability, exposure, and outcome of each study participant, using a scoring system maximum 9 points.
The qualities of included studies were categorized into three: 1 high score of 7—9 ; 2 moderate score of 4—6 ; and 3 low score of 0—3 qualities. The Joanna Briggs Institute JBI Critical Appraisal Tool 21 was used to examine the methodological quality of interventional studies and the extent to which a study addressed the possibility of bias in its design, conduct, and analysis.
unclear; and — No, implying high-risk bias. Disagreements were resolved through discussion to reach the final agreed score. Figure 1 presents the study selection process, which was divided into four key stages:.
i Identification : In July , a database search was done through Central, Embase, Medline via OVID 2, articles , CINAHL 3 articles , LILAC, and Open Gray 5 articles , and bibliographic search of systematic literature reviews SLRs 4 articles.
Thus, the initial search yielded 2, articles identified from the online databases. However, were removed because they were duplicates. ii Screening : In total, 1, titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility.
A total of 1, studies were removed because they did not meet the eligibility criteria such as population out of scope, intervention not of interest, relevant outcomes not reported, and study design and publication type not of interest.
iii Eligibility : At this stage, full-text articles were assessed. Of these, 75 studies were excluded after a full-text review because the population was out of scope, relevant outcomes were not reported, and study design was not of interest.
iv Included : In total, 26 studies were considered to be eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. There were 22 cross-sectional, three longitudinal, and one quasi-experimental design studies—all studies composed exclusively of the older people 60 years or older of both sexes Table 2.
Of the 26 studies, 14 studies were from seven Asian countries China, India, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Turkey, and Egypt. Two studies were conducted in the Latin American region Brazil and Mexico and four European regions Austria, Ireland, UK, and Israel.
One study each was conducted in Canada, Australia, and Nigeria. Two contexts of the living arrangement were considered; community-based dependent older people and older people living in residential aged-care facilities.
Eighteen studies included community-dwelling participants 22 — 26 , 31 , 32 , 36 — 38 , 41 — 48 and four studies included participants from residential aged care facilities 30 , 34 , 35 , 39 , while four studies did not report the kind of living arrangement 28 , 29 , 33 , The qualities of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were assessed through the NOS scale Table 1.
Based on the proposed cutoff points, 15 studies were classified as high-quality 22 , 25 , 28 — 31 , 33 , 38 — 42 , 44 — 47 and 10 studies of medium quality 23 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 32 , 35 — 37 , 43 , Table 1. Quality of studies assessed through the newcastle—ottawa quality assessment scale.
Table 2 summarizes the instruments used to measure the QoL in the selected 26 studies. The concept of AA was measured, considering the three pillars of AA: participation, health, and security. The current study analyzed the active aging of the older population through their level of participation in physical, social, and cultural leisure activities about their socio-demographic characteristics and QoL dimensions in old age.
In addition to participation, the health and security statuses have been also investigated in relation to QoL among older adults. The most widely used questionnaire to assess QoL is the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment—Module for Older Adults WHOQoL-Old 8 studies 30 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 , followed by the WHOQOL—Abbreviated Version WHOQoL-Bref 6 studies 35 , 36 , 42 , 44 , 46 , 48 and the Short Form SF 5 studies 22 , 23 , 30 , 31 , The European Quality of Life-5 Dimension EQ-5D 26 , 40 , Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure CASP 28 , 43 , and visual analog scale VAS 32 , 33 were used in two studies each.
The following instruments were used in one study each: The Satisfaction with Life Scale SWLS 24 , CASP 25 , SF 47 , WHO-5 29 , and CASP The selected studies in the present systematic review used different questionnaires for assessing active aging.
We observed that the questionnaire assessed different determinants of active aging. For example, the WHOQoL—OLD and WHOQoL—BREF assessed the personal, social, behavioral, environment, health and social services, physical environment, and economic aspects of aging; while CASP, CASP, CASP, SF, SF, and EQ5D measured the three aspects of active aging, namely personal, behavioral, and social aspects.
Similarly, VAS was used to assess the personal and behavioral aspects and SWLS and WHO-5 measured personal aspects only Table 3. Table 4 summarizes the key findings on the association between elements of AA and QoL domains.
Various instruments were used to ascertain QoL scores, thus allowing a wide variety of QoL domains to be evaluated in the analyzed studies. The most examined QoL domains included physical health, mental health, functional capacity, psychological, emotional, social relationships, environment, pain, overall health, general QoL, and vitality concerning social participation and engagement in reading, art, and leisure activities.
Six out of six studies using WHQOL-Bref showed that social participation and other activities such as reading, art, and physical activities significantly influence the QoL 35 , 36 , 42 , 44 , 46 , Seven out of eight studies using WHOQOL-Old demonstrated the consistent positive influence of activities including social participation, participating in art activities, reading, etc.
Three out of five studies employing SF showed that social or community participation is a relevant factor influencing the QoL 23 , 30 , Two studies using CASP showed that social participation and interaction significantly influence QoL 28 , This systematic review synthesized evidence on the investigation of the association of active aging with QoL determinants among older adults.
To date, most of the studies targeting QoL are focused mainly on clinical conditions, and thus the association of active aging determinants and QoL is uncharted. Our systematic review shows that different types of assessment tools have been used for the evaluation of QoL considering different components of AA, which varied with sex, settings, and study design, and resulted in a wide variation in association of QoL and active aging determinants.
Due to the importance of AA, as it could interfere with personal as well as relatives' life, the understanding of determinants that affect AA is essential. This review has enhanced our knowledge of active aging in context to the quality of life that may prove crucial in understanding how the QoL can be maintained simultaneously with active living among older adults.
In summary, our study supports the notion that the better the active aging determinants, the better the QoL among older adults. Among the selected 26 studies in the current systematic review, QoL was assessed using different tools.
We observed that the use of different QoL questionnaires resulted from the inclusion of different active aging determinants Table 4 and therefore, variable determinants have been studied in different studies.
For instance, some studies investigate the influence of personal determinants only, while some consider physical factors and some considered multiple factors such as physical activity, social participation, and mental health. Although this discrepancy among the investigated determinants is due to the use of variable questionnaires, the most commonly used questionnaire in various studies was the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment—Module for Older Adults WHOQoL-Old followed by WHOQOL—Abbreviated Version WHOQoL-Bref and the Short Form SF 5 studies.
Similarly, the European Quality of Life-5 Dimension EQ-5D , Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure CASP , and visual analog scale VAS were used in two studies each. While the Satisfaction with Life Scale SWLS , SF, CASP, CASP, and WHO-5 were used in one study each.
In examining the relation between active aging determinants and QoL, our study emphasizes that QoL is higher with the better status of active aging determinants, although some contrary findings are observed.
It is noticed from many listed studies that social participation and other activities, including reading, art, and physical activities, have a positive impact on QoL 23 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 — 46 , 48 , despite different questionnaires such as WHOQOL-Old, CASP, and WHOQoL-Bref were used.
Sampaio et al. Similarly, our systematic review also showed that financial security and ensuring care positively influenced the QoL In addition to that, Rugbeer et al.
The recent study by López-Ortega and Konigsberg 22 considered multiple outcome measures using an SF questionnaire and reported the positive influence of socioeconomic and social, educational, and marital statuses on HRQoL 22 , but there was no effect on HRQoL.
In addition, there was no effect on HRQoL concerning the number of family members and those having chronic disease conditions. In contrast, another study conducted in the same year in the Shaanxi province of China reported the effect of a chronic condition on physical and mental HRQoL On the contrary, we also acknowledge that not all the possible active aging determinants were associated with QoL among the selected studies.
The study by Top and Dikmetaş 39 did not observe a significant association between gender and overall QoL Notably, Onunkwor et al.
Another study by Gureje et al. However, one of the studies showed no impact of the recipient of a national pension on QoL among middle-high and high household income levels and wealth Considering most of the studies are based on associations, we support the concept that the higher the score in active aging determinants, the better QoL among older adults.
We compared our findings to those of previous studies that investigated the relationship between active aging and QoL 49 — Our results were consistent with these studies, supporting the notion that higher scores in active aging determinants lead to better QoL among older adults.
This finding underlines the importance of promoting active aging to achieve improved QoL outcomes for older adults. Furthermore, a study by Ahmad Bahuri et al.
Ooi and Ong 52 investigated active aging, psychological wellbeing, and QoL among older adults and pre-older adults Malaysians during movement control periods. Their findings suggest that even in challenging situations like movement control periods, promoting active aging can contribute to improved psychological wellbeing and overall QoL Our study, therefore, suggests that QoL among older adults is higher among individuals who are advancing well in different active aging components such as health, participation, and security.
Our study compiling the previous studies suggests that there is a necessity to manage active aging determinants for the maintenance of QoL properly.
The main strength of our review is that this is the first study collating information on the association between AA determinants and QoL. Furthermore, stringent search strategy was used in the current study to identify the relevant areas and thus strengthen our interpretation that physical, social, and health determinants are closely associated with QoL.
However, as with most of the reviews, our study also has some limitations. Our search was limited to the English language; therefore, any studies published in other languages might have been omitted. Additionally, our literature screening time frame was limited to — as the active aging concept was developed from onward.
Therefore, there might be the possibility of missing any articles that have been published before Our study's generalizability and interpretation may be affected by factors such as small sample sizes, geographically limited scope, unclear sampling schemes, and imbalanced gender distribution.
We recommend future studies prioritize nationally representative studies, detailed sampling schemes, and balanced gender distributions to address these limitations. The maintenance of QoL in advancing age among older adults is necessary from individual to family, society, and healthcare perspectives.
Thus, the elucidation of the related active aging determinants associated with an individual's QoL among older adults is paramount. QoL is multifaceted and is affected by several factors.
Previous studies mainly highlighted QoL and clinical condition association; however, the specific aging determinants' association with QoL remains unknown. This review identified and systematically compiled the associated determinants of active aging and QoL. While relatively few studies have been identified, suggesting AA determinants, promising findings pointing to more extensive associations exist.
To conclude, the findings from this study could help to further illuminate which AA determinants are essential in the maintenance of QoL. RM, TS, DM, and PM contributed to conception and design of the study.
RM, PK, and SS organized the database. RM, TS, DM, PM, PK, and SS performed the statistical analysis and wrote sections of the manuscript. RM, TS, DM, PM, PK, and SS wrote sections of the manuscript.
All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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pdf accessed July 30, WHO Active Ageing: A Policy Framework. Edwards P. Geneva: World Health Organization. These aspects are interdependent, according to every culture and gender perspective [ 9.
While many active aging programs have been developed nationally and internationally over the past few decades, few address the concept as it relates to individuals in the more recent generational cohorts including Generation X and the Millennial Generation [ Keeter S, Taylor P.
The millennials [Internet]. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center Publications; Sikora S. The University of Arizona College of medicine optimal aging program: Stepping in the shadows of successful aging.
Gerontol Geriatr Educ. Walker A. The emergence and application of active aging in Europe. In: Soziale Lebenslaufpolitik.
Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften; Feldman SE. Intergenerational program: Towards a society for all ages. Hatton-Yeo A, Batty C. Evaluating the contribution of intergenerational practice to achieving social cohesion.
In: Promoting social cohesion. Policy Press; Intergenerational programs which promote activities that bring together two generations for mutually rewarding purposes, are potentially an answer to the above challenges and represent the medium for the exchange of resources, knowledge, skills, attitudes and values among older and younger generations [ Hatton-Yeo A, Ohsako T.
Intergenerational Programmes: Public Policy and Research Implications--An International Perspective. ERIC; ; ED Baschiera B, Karl P, Harry Y.
Building a Community Legacy Together BCLT —An intergenerational program for youth and older adults aimed at promoting a more equitable society.
In , an interdisciplinary group of researchers at Oklahoma State University developed the Active Aging for L. Roberts E, Ruppert-Stroescu M, Bishop AJ, Clare G, Hermann J, Struckmeyer K, et al. Assessing outcomes for the intergenerational active aging for life public health initiative.
Innov Aging. L ongevity — The domain of longevity relates to the fastest growing age group globally, which is 60 and older and this population is expected to more than double to 2 billion in Data from the World Health Organization indicates that while healthy aging begins at birth with our genetic inheritance, only about 25 percent of longevity can be explained by genetic factors [ Global recommendations on physical activity for health [Internet].
I ndependence — The domain of independence in active aging relates to appropriate physical environments, which are accessible and provide for individual independence. Maintaining autonomy and independence as one ages is a key goal for older adults, yet the topic of interdependence is also important as individuals who reciprocate their shared experiences and capabilities to help friends and their family maintain the ability to have personal control over their routines [ Bronstein L, Gellis ZD, Kenaly BL.
A neighborhood naturally occurring retirement community: Views from providers and residents. J Appl Gerontol.
F itness — The domain of fitness in active aging relates to intersections and strategies for physical and cognitive health throughout the lifespan.
A fitness focus recognizes and capitalizes on the experience and personal strengths of individuals, while helping them improve their physical and psychological well-being across the life course through an understanding of the relationships between cognitive health, nutrition, physical activity, managing body mass index BMI and cardiovascular health [ World report on ageing and health [Internet].
E ngagement — The domain of engagement relates to productive and fulfilling engagement that meets community needs through service and support coordination, including volunteer programs, church and places of worship and life-long learning opportunities.
Social interaction and support are important components of active aging, highlighting the relevance of social networks, connection versus isolation, as well as interdependence through family ties, spirituality and volunteerism.
Contribution to all areas of community life through volunteering, employment options and civic participation allow for a sense of long-term inclusion [ Lubben J, Gironda M. Measuring social networks and assessing their benefits. In: Social networks and social exclusion: Sociological and policy perspectives.
Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing; Intergenerational programs offer tools that have attracted researchers to explore strategies that decrease ageism in the population, and have subsequently been used to establish and reinforce social unification for different generations [ Vieira S, Sousa L.
Intergenerational practice: Contributing to a conceptual framework. Int J Lifelong Educ. Greengross S. Intergenerational programs as a global approach to social issues. Jarrott SE. Where have we been and where are we going?
Content analysis of evaluation research of intergenerational programs. Swift HJ, Abrams D, Lamont RA, Drury L. The risks of ageism model: How ageism and negative attitudes toward age can be a barrier to active aging.
Soc Issues Policy Rev. Holmes CL. An intergenerational program with benefits. Early Child Educ J. Seedsman T. A mosaic of contemporary issues, insights, and perspectives surrounding intergenerational practice.
Cook G, Bailey C. Older care home residents' views of intergenerational practice. Following a series of focus groups delivered to participants following the original Active Aging for L. series, a group of the older adults and college-age students who had been through the program were invited to take the program to students at a local high school as a team of L.
domains Longevity, Independence, Fitness, and Engagement of these two groups prior to and following the Active Aging for L. The content was delivered by the L. leaders and measures included improving attitudes about the aging process and education about positive lifestyle choices across the lifespan.
Active Aging program in changing aging attitudes and behaviors between a control group and a treatment group of high school students. components promoting active aging through videos, articles, group discussion and reflective journaling in a local high school classroom.
Sessions took place twice per week each lasting 1. The intervention took place over three different classes with the L. leader teams leading the majority of the sessions. All presentations, videos and discussion with the L. leader teams took place in this location.
The three classes of students made up the treatment group and one class of students was the control group of high school students who did not participate in the program nor engage in any intergenerational discussions. The control group was given a pamphlet about the Active Aging for L.
An information letter and informed consent was sent home with all of the students requesting that they take part in the study. Students who did not wish to take part were given separate tasks by their instructor during the time that the study took place.
Those who chose to participate signed an informed consent along with a signature from their parents. All students were asked to voluntarily respond to a printed questionnaire.
No names were recorded, as each group and student was pre-assigned to an anonymous combination of numbers and letters, coded ahead of time, so that the pre-surveys and post-surveys of each participant was accounted for.
Students had the choice to participate or opt out of the study with no consequences, and their responses were not tied to their class performance in anyway.
The project was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Oklahoma State University, which was the institution of employment for all of the researchers involved in this study. The age range for the entire group was years old along with one 20 year old.
The mean age in both groups was Survey questions were developed based on the insights derived from the literature review, aiming to assess attitudes towards aging and personal health-consciousness.
The Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire AAQ and Aging Perceptions Questionnaire APQ were pivotal in shaping the questionnaire for this study. The AAQ includes a item scale of self-reported measures that encompass both the gains and losses in two areas of aging: 1 attitude toward aging overall, and 2 attitude toward aging from personal experience [ Laidlaw K, Power MJ, Schmidt S.
The attitudes to ageing questionnaire AAQ : Development and psychometric properties. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry.
Barker M, O'Hanlon A, McGee HM, Hickey A, Conroy RM. Cross-sectional validation of the Aging Perceptions Questionnaire: A multidimensional instrument for assessing self-perceptions of aging. BMC Geriatr. Selected items from these scales were adapted to align with the specific objectives of this study.
Yamashita T, Kinney JM, Lokon EJ. The data analysis for this study was performed in two parts, 1 exploratory factor analysis and 2 repeated measures of ANOVA. The exploratory factor analysis EFA was conducted to elucidate the underlying factor structure of data.
Survey responses from 60 subjects who participated in the pre-training phase were chosen and analyzed. Prior to conducting the EFA, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin KMO measure of sampling adequacy was computed, yielding a value of 0. The EFA was performed using the extraction method of Principal axis method with Promax Rotation.
Cross loadings were examined and coefficients below 0. A total of three factors were extracted and labeled as 1 Attitudes towards aging as gain ATAG , 2 attitudes towards aging as loss ATAL and 3 personal health-conscious level PHCL.
The reliability of each factor was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, demonstrating satisfactory internal consistency for all the factors 0. In the current study, the Cronbach's alpha value for our sub-factors was found to be 0. While this value is slightly below the commonly cited threshold of 0.
Nunnally JC. Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill; Following the EFA, a repeated-measures Analysis of Variance ANOVA was conducted to assess changes between the treatment and control groups. Here, the group assignment served as the between-subject factor, while the pre-post-training measurements were considered within-subject factors.
The treatment group comprised 52 subjects and the control group had 31 subjects. The dependent variables under consideration were the scores associated with the three identified factors ATAG, ATAL and PHCL. Statistical analyses were executed using JASP 0. The EFA revealed three distinct factors: 1 Attitudes towards Aging as Gain ATAG , 2 Attitudes towards Aging as Loss ATAL , and 3 Personal Health-Conscious Level PHCL.
Table 1 shows the loadings of the 14 items out of the 24 survey questions utilized for measurement. Table 2 shows the correlation among the three sub-factors. The outcome scores for each factor attitude were computed by averaging the item scores for individual subjects.
Descriptive statistics of the attitude scores are presented in Table 3. Table 1 Factor Loadings and of individual items determined using EFA.
Table 2 Factor Correlations. Table 3 Attitude Scores. No significant differences were observed for ATAG or PHCL. Despite the absence of statistical significance, it is noteworthy that the post-treatment ATAG scores leaned towards a positive attitude, registering at 1. This underscores the program's positive impact on the participants.
As addressed earlier in the literature review, ambivalence toward aging can lead individuals to engage in negative behaviors that are harmful to their health later in life. Creation of programming influencing young adults to consider all aspects of the aging process may have them consider how their current behaviors might have on them now and across the lifespan.
This programming appeared to achieve this level of awareness and understanding for the students. In addition to the quantitative findings, the feedback to the open-ended question on the post survey about the changes that participants would like to implement in their lives were enlightening.
The text answers were addressed through content analysis to find common themes. A total of 25 students from the treatment population answered the open-ended question and many described being more aware of the life course and longevity as it related to themselves and to the current older adults in their lives.
This study provided some evidence that engaging with and educating high school students about factors of longevity in aging through the Active Aging for L. framework can change their attitudes and perceptions at an early age. Faria D, Dauenhauer JA, Steitz DW.
Fostering social work gerontological competencies: Qualitative analysis of an intergenerational service-learning course. The potential impact of this health education program was demonstrated in statistically significant findings in this study, especially in the differences between the control group and treatment group responses.
Additionally, increasing the relevance of topics relating to longevity for young adults is the first step in addressing the severe negative effects that come from ageism and eliminating the pervasive cultural stereotypes toward older people.
Beyond the obvious factor of when one was born, the dissonance between generations is often simply due to a lack empathy or relevant understanding for how the other sees the world. The ability to sit with individuals from multiple generations and discuss topics relating to healthy living across the life course may help break the perpetual cycle that carries ageism through a culture.
These ageist attitudes have implicit consequences that ultimately manifest themselves explicitly through social withdrawal, physical deterioration, or cognitive decline. The findings from this study suggest that intentional intergenerational programs which bring together generations to discuss new topics have the potential to break this cycle.
The Active Aging for L. initiative supports an intergenerational approach to sharing information on healthy aging and longevity across the lifespan. Research associated with this type of mentoring community education programs can advance our knowledge of discovering effective solutions to the pressing issues that align with longevity and the related societal issues.
Through empirical evidence and easy to understand, validated frameworks, the best solutions can be practically applied so that new social structures are thoughtfully realigned for all generations. This study supports the findings of many others in recent literature, that when similar programs are introduced early in life, both the young and older generational cohorts are given the opportunity to better reflect on their own attitudes and behaviors towards aging well throughout life [ In Oklahoma, where adults 65 years of age and older represented program may be promoted through county extension offices, community centers, and in public schools to provide education for improved health and wellness outcomes across the generations.
Introduction: Population demography Longevity and active aging the globe shows an increasing trend in qctive aging population due to better Mood enhancing essential oils, improved nutrition, advanced health-related technology, and decreased fertility rate. Longevity and active aging these acfive, there Longevity and active aging a knowledge gap in understanding the association between active aging determinants and Longevify of Lohgevity QoL among older adults, particularly within acctive cultural contexts, which has not been adequately explored in previous research. Therefore, understanding the association between active aging determinants and QoL can help policymakers plan early interventions or programs to assist future older adults in both aging actively and optimizing their quality of life QoLas these two factors have a bidirectional relationship. Objective: This study aimed to review evidence regarding the association between active aging and quality of life QoL among older adults and to determine the most widely used study designs and measurement instruments in studies conducted between and Methods: Relevant studies were identified by a systematic search of four electronic databases and cross-reference lists. Original studies examining the association between active aging and QoL in individuals aged 60 years or older were considered.
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