But others choose to use them instead of conventional treatments. Taking dietary supplements instead of conventional cancer treatment could harm your health. Choosing to stop conventional treatment recommended by your doctor could reduce the chance of curing or controlling your cancer.

Check with a pharmacist or your healthcare team before taking any supplements. Some of these could interfere with how well cancer drugs work.

Supplements at a high dose could be toxic or harmful to your health.. Vitamins and dietary supplements come as pills, tablets or a liquid.

Some complementary or alternative therapists also use injections of dietary supplements. Some vitamins or minerals could interfere with how well cancer drugs work.

Antioxidant supplements such as co enzyme Q10, selenium and the vitamins A, C and E can help to prevent cell damage. But there is some evidence that taking high dose antioxidant supplements during cancer treatment might make the treatment less effective.

Get advice from your doctor, specialist nurse or dietitian if you want to take supplements and are having any kind of cancer treatment. Supplements can vary in their price. Some may cost from around £5 to £30 from health food shops.

Other supplements can cost a lot more. It's important to check with your specialist or dietitian before you start taking any supplements.

There is no reliable evidence that dietary or nutritional supplements can prevent, cure or control the growth of cancer. Check with your specialist before you take any supplements to make sure they won't interfere with any cancer treatment you are having.

Laboratory and animal studies showed that bromelain might reduce inflammation. Researchers used it in studies of patients with:. Animal studies showed that bromelain might prevent or treat certain cancers. And that it might stop them from growing.

Bromelain might also be used alongside other cancer treatments. But we need more research and better quality studies before doctors can use bromelain to prevent or cure cancer. Essiac is a herbal remedy from Canada.

It is a mixture of roots, bark and leaves that you boil to make a drinkable liquid. Or you can buy it as capsules or drops. You can also buy a modified version of Essiac, which is called Flor Essence. Several studies and reviews found that Essiac had no anti cancer effects.

Essiac may cause nausea and vomiting. Other side effects were also reported. Laetrile is a man made synthetic form of the natural substance amygdalin.

Amygdalin is a plant substance found in apricot and cherry seeds, raw nuts and bitter almonds. When the body processes laetrile, it changes to cyanide.

Cyanide is a type of poison which is thought to kill cancer cells. But there is no reliable scientific evidence to show that laetrile or amygdalin can treat cancer. Despite this, it still gets promoted as an alternative cancer treatment.

Laetrile can cause serious side effects and liver damage. Because of this, the sale of laetrile is not allowed in the UK.

Turmeric is a spice grown in many Asian countries. It belongs to the ginger family and is the main ingredient of curry powder. The main active ingredient in turmeric is curcumin or diferuloyl methane.

Laboratory studies have shown curcumin seems to be able to kill cancer cells and prevent more from growing. There have been some clinical trials looking at curcumin in people with colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and other cancer types.

The studies were small and there were limitations to the trials. At the moment, there is no clear evidence in humans to show that turmeric or curcumin can prevent or treat cancer. Isoflavones are chemicals in soy products that are known for their health benefits.

It is very similar to the hormone oestrogen. Oestrogen can stimulate some cancers, such as breast cancer, to grow. People often worry that foods or soy supplements containing isoflavones might have the same effect as oestrogen and cause cancer to grow.

But current research says that foods containing natural isoflavones are safe. Early studies also show that isoflavones may have some benefits in certain cancers. It may:. In breast and prostate cancer isoflavones may reduce the risk of cancer coming back.

This is because isoflavones are similar to the hormone oestrogen and bind to the oestrogen receptors on cells. By doing so, it blocks cancer cells from absorbing oestrogen. However, these studies are based on Asian diets that contain large amounts of soy. Soy can be a meat free source of protein and fibre in your diet.

One trial showed that selenium might protect against the overall risk of prostate cancer in men with a history of non melanoma skin cancer. But a later systematic review found that selenium supplements had no benefit in protecting against cancer.

Some randomised controlled trials showed a higher incidence of high grade prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes in people taking selenium supplements. Research in this area has produced mixed results.

Doctors don't recommend that people take it to treat cancer or reduce the risk of cancer. People often take vitamin C in much higher doses than the recommended nutrient intake RNI of 40mg per day. Some people take it as a drip into the bloodstream IV. No clinical trials or other studies in people with cancer have been published in peer-reviewed scientific journals to support the safety or effectiveness of thunder god vine.

Thunder god vine can cause many side effects , including the following:. The FDA has not approved the use of thunder god vine as a treatment for cancer or any other medical condition. Thunder god vine is available in the United States as a dietary supplement.

The way that supplements are made is not regulated by the FDA, so all batches and brands of thunder god vine supplements may not be the same. Grapefruit is a fruit in the citrus family. Grapefruit and fruits similar to grapefruit, such as Seville oranges, pomelos, and limes, are known to interact with anticancer drugs.

The seeds from the fruit contain furanocoumarin that may cause adverse reactions. People eat grapefruit or take it as a dietary supplement in the form of an extract made from the seeds. Some people drink grapefruit juice. A small randomized trial found that less of the anticancer drug etoposide reached the bloodstream in people who drank grapefruit juice than in people who did not drink grapefruit juice.

However, studies with the anticancer drugs imatinib , sunitinib , and nilotinib have shown that drinking grapefruit juice increased the amount of anticancer drug that reached the bloodstream.

Grapefruit can interact with many medicines used to treat a variety of health problems. Grapefruit juice and the furanocoumarin in grapefruit seeds have been known to interact with some anticancer drugs.

The FDA has not approved the use of grapefruit as a treatment for cancer or any other medical condition. Grapefruit is available in the United States in food products or as a dietary supplement. The way that supplements are made is not regulated by the FDA, so all batches and brands of grapefruit seed extracts may not be the same.

Green tea comes from the Camellia sinensis plant. Green tea has been used to lower cholesterol and improve weight loss, mental alertness, and digestive symptoms. The health benefits studied in green tea are thought to be from compounds called polyphenols. Polyphenols are a group of plant chemicals that include catechins antioxidants that help protect cells from damage.

Catechins make up most of the polyphenols in green tea. People usually drink green tea or take it as a dietary supplement in the form of a dried herb or an extract.

Clinical research with people is limited. A case study of a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who drank green tea while he received an anticancer drug reported worse control of symptoms. The symptoms improved when he stopped drinking the green tea.

Risks and side effects result from drinking large amounts of green tea more than 8 cups per day. In rare cases, green tea extracts taken in pill form have caused damage to the liver. Green tea may interact with other medicines. Studies have not determined whether green tea is safe or effective when used with anticancer drugs.

The FDA has not approved the use of green tea as a treatment for cancer. The FDA Division of Drug Oncology Products recommends that green tea extract be taken with food by participants in clinical trials and that liver function tests be considered during treatment. Green tea is available in the United States in food products and dietary supplements.

The way that supplements are made is not regulated by the FDA, so all batches and brands of green tea supplements may not be the same. Physician Data Query PDQ is the National Cancer Institute's NCI's comprehensive cancer information database.

The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine.

Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in Spanish.

PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health NIH. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature.

They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH. This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about cancer therapy interactions with foods and dietary supplements in people with cancer. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers.

It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date.

These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information.

The date on each summary "Updated" is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board.

A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients.

During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard.

Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment. Clinical trials can be found online at NCI's website. For more information, call the Cancer Information Service CIS , NCI's contact center, at CANCER PDQ is a registered trademark.

The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. PDQ® Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board.

PDQ Cancer Therapy Interactions With Foods and Dietary Supplements. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute.

Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in Visuals Online.

Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3, scientific images. The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.

gov on the Managing Cancer Care page. More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer. gov website can be found on our Contact Us for Help page.

Questions can also be submitted to Cancer. Complementary and alternative medicine CAM —also called integrative medicine—includes a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies. A therapy is generally called complementary when it is used in addition to conventional treatments; it is often called alternative when it is used instead of conventional treatment.

Conventional treatments are those that are widely accepted and practiced by the mainstream medical community. Depending on how they are used, some therapies can be considered either complementary or alternative. Complementary and alternative therapies are used in an effort to prevent illness, reduce stress, prevent or reduce side effects and symptoms, or control or cure disease.

Unlike conventional treatments for cancer, complementary and alternative therapies are often not covered by insurance companies. Patients should check with their insurance provider to find out about coverage for complementary and alternative therapies.

Cancer patients considering complementary and alternative therapies should discuss this decision with their doctor, nurse, or pharmacist as they would any type of treatment. Some complementary and alternative therapies may affect their standard treatment or may be harmful when used with conventional treatment.

It is important that the same scientific methods used to test conventional therapies are used to test CAM therapies. The National Cancer Institute and the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NCCIH are sponsoring a number of clinical trials research studies at medical centers to test CAM therapies for use in cancer.

Conventional approaches to cancer treatment have generally been studied for safety and effectiveness through a scientific process that includes clinical trials with large numbers of patients. Less is known about the safety and effectiveness of complementary and alternative methods.

Few CAM therapies have been tested using demanding scientific methods. A small number of CAM therapies that were thought to be purely alternative approaches are now being used in cancer treatment—not as cures, but as complementary therapies that may help patients feel better and recover faster.

One example is acupuncture. According to a panel of experts at a National Institutes of Health NIH meeting in November , acupuncture has been found to help control nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and pain related to surgery.

However, some approaches, such as the use of laetrile, have been studied and found not to work and to possibly cause harm. The NCI Best Case Series Program which was started in , is one way CAM approaches that are being used in practice are being studied. OCCAM carefully reviews these materials to see if any seem worth further research.

When considering complementary and alternative therapies, patients should ask their health care provider the following questions:. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NCCIH. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NCCIH at the National Institutes of Health NIH facilitates research and evaluation of complementary and alternative practices, and provides information about a variety of approaches to health professionals and the public.

NCCIH and the NIH National Library of Medicine NLM jointly developed CAM on PubMed , a free and easy-to-use search tool for finding CAM-related journal citations.

As a subset of the NLM's PubMed bibliographic database, CAM on PubMed features more than , references and abstracts for CAM-related articles from scientific journals. This database also provides links to the websites of over 1, journals, allowing users to view full-text articles. A subscription or other fee may be required to access full-text articles.

Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The NCI Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine OCCAM coordinates the activities of the NCI in the area of complementary and alternative medicine CAM. OCCAM supports CAM cancer research and provides information about cancer-related CAM to health providers and the general public via the NCI website.

National Cancer Institute NCI Cancer Information Service. residents may call the Cancer Information Service CIS , NCI's contact center, toll free at CANCER Monday through Friday from am to pm. A trained Cancer Information Specialist is available to answer your questions.

The Food and Drug Administration FDA regulates drugs and medical devices to ensure that they are safe and effective. The Federal Trade Commission FTC enforces consumer protection laws. Publications available from the FTC include:. Cancer Therapy Interactions With Foods and Dietary Supplements PDQ® —Patient Version On This Page General Information Antioxidants Herbs Foods About This PDQ Summary General CAM Information Evaluation of CAM Therapies Questions to Ask Your Health Care Provider About CAM To Learn More About CAM General Information Go to Health Professional Version.

In This Section Questions and Answers About Antioxidants Questions and Answers About Antioxidants What are antioxidants?

People can also buy a variety of ginger tea online. Herbal supplements containing ginger extract are also available to purchase online. However, these extracts may be too concentrated for some people.

There is some concern that ginger may interact with blood thinners, so people taking these medications should consult a doctor before adding ginger to their diet. Turmeric is an orange spice that is a common ingredient in Asian foods, such as curry.

Turmeric contains a compound called curcumin, which has both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. According to a review , studies suggest that curcumin can slow tumor growth and cause cancer cells to die. However, much of the research is from test tube studies and animal models, and scientists need to carry out more research in humans to confirm the findings.

Both the whole root and the ground spice form of turmeric are widely available in grocery stores. A person can try adding turmeric to curries, rice dishes, soups, and other meals.

Turmeric is also available as a tea and a dietary supplement. Vitamin D is essential for healthy bones, teeth, and muscles and also plays a vital role in the function of nerves and the immune system.

According to the National Cancer Institute NCI , research in mice indicates that vitamin D may slow or prevent the growth or development of cancer. The NCI also note that some studies in humans suggest that higher intakes of vitamin D may lower the risk of certain types of cancer.

However, the results so far have been inconsistent, and scientists need to carry out more research. The ODS recommend a daily intake of international units IU or 15 micrograms mcg of vitamin D for most people. Many people can get enough vitamin D from sun exposure.

The body naturally produces vitamin D when the skin becomes directly exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D is also present in a limited number of foods, including :.

Both of these forms increase vitamin D levels in the body in a similar manner. A person can buy vitamin D supplements online. Antioxidants counteract free radicals in the body, which may help protect against oxidative stress and cellular damage.

Oxidative stress may play a role in the development of cancer and some other diseases. They also point out that some studies suggest that antioxidant supplements may worsen outcomes during cancer treatment, particularly in people who smoke.

Other studies in mice with tumors also found that antioxidants can promote tumor growth and metastasis, which is when cancer spreads to other parts of the body. The NCI recommend that people undergoing cancer treatment speak to the doctor before taking antioxidant supplements.

A range of antioxidant supplements are widely available in health stores and pharmacies, and people can also buy them online. Examples include:. While doctors consider dietary supplements to be generally safe, some may cause side effects or interact with medications.

People who are considering taking a dietary supplement should speak to their doctor first, particularly if they are currently taking any medications. The Food and Drugs Administration FDA do not regulate dietary supplements as strictly as they regulate medications and do not routinely monitor them for quality, consistency, or safety.

This means that it is essential that people purchase dietary supplements from reputable manufacturers. Some herbal extract and vitamin supplements may help lower the risk of cancer or support the body during cancer therapy. However, it is important to note that the scientific evidence for many of these supplements is limited or inconsistent.

Also, dietary supplements cannot replace standard cancer therapies. While dietary supplements are generally safe, some can cause side effects or interact with certain medications, including cancer drugs. It is, therefore, advisable to speak to a doctor before taking a dietary supplement, particularly people who are undergoing cancer treatment.

The FDA do not regulate dietary supplements in the same way that they regulate foods and drugs, so the quality and consistency of supplements can vary. People should only buy dietary supplements from reputable manufacturers. Although a healthful diet and regular exercise can reduce fatigue, some vitamins and supplements can also boost energy.

Learn which ones may have…. Vitamin A supplements come in many different forms, but a person should check with their doctor which form and dosage will best suit them. Read more…. The best vitamins for skin include vitamins C, D, and E. People can get many of these vitamins from their diet or by taking supplements.

Learn more…. Colostrum supplements may have health benefits, such as boosting immunity. Learn more about colostrum supplements and their potential side effects…. HUM nutrition offers a range of products to support a person's health. Here is our review for My podcast changed me Can 'biological race' explain disparities in health?

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We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. Read more about our vetting process. Was this helpful? Their diets were analyzed by patterns — salad vegetables raw vegetables and olive oil , western potatoes, red meat, eggs and butter , canteen pasta and tomato sauce , and prudent cooked vegetables, pulses, and fish.

The overall dietary pattern does make a very significant difference. In US-based studies the "prudent" diet has been shown to be protective for colon cancer, while the "western" diet has been shown to be detrimental. The "salad vegetable" pattern is still more likely to be protective compared to the prudent dietary pattern, but this pattern did not exist in this study population.

A plant-based dietary pattern in being currently tested in the Women's healthy Eating and Living WHEL Study. About 3, women who were treated for an early stage of breast cancer have been randomized into two groups. No guidelines were given for animal product intake, and initial results seem to confirm, since there were no changes in body weight, total cholesterol, or LDL cholesterol [ ], which would be affected by animal protein intake.

Also, plasma carotenoid concentrations increased significantly in the intervention group, but not in the control group. It will be very interesting to follow the results of this study.

What is the result when all of these things are put together? What if all of these factors reviewed here were taken into account and put into practice?

This anticancer diet would have:. As reviewed above, reductions of 60 percent in breast cancer rates have already been seen in human diet studies, and a 71 percent reduction in colon cancer for men without the known modifiable risk factors.

These reductions are without taking into account many of the other factors considered in this review, such as markedly increased fruit and vegetable intake, balanced omega 3 and 6 fats, vitamin D, reduced sugar intake, probiotics, and enzymes — factors which all are likely to have an impact on cancer.

Certainly cancer prevention would be possible, and cancer reversal in some cases is quite likely. Google Scholar. Vastag B: Obesity Is Now on Everyone's Plate. CAS PubMed Google Scholar.

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Download references. Director of Research, Hallelujah Acres Foundation, Vantage Hwy, Ellensburg, WA, , USA. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Michael S Donaldson. Michael Donaldson is a research scientist at the Hallelujah Acres Foundation, a foundation for investigations pertaining to the Hallelujah Diet.

Funding for this review was provided by the Hallelujah Acres Foundation. Reprints and permissions. Donaldson, M. Nutrition and cancer: A review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet. Nutr J 3 , 19 Download citation. Received : 28 September Accepted : 20 October Published : 20 October Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

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Download PDF. Download ePub. Review Open access Published: 20 October Nutrition and cancer: A review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet Michael S Donaldson 1 Nutrition Journal volume 3 , Article number: 19 Cite this article k Accesses Citations Altmetric Metrics details. Abstract It has been estimated that 30—40 percent of all cancers can be prevented by lifestyle and dietary measures alone.

Review Background The field of investigation of the role of nutrition in the cancer process is very broad. Over Consumption of Energy Calories Eating too much food is one of the main risk factors for cancer. Glucose Metabolism Refined sugar is a high energy, low nutrient food — junk food.

Low Fiber Unrefined plant foods typically have an abundance of fiber. Red Meat Red meat has been implicated in colon and rectal cancer.

Omega Ratio Imbalance Omega 3 fats alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, DHA have been shown in animal studies to be protect from cancer, while omega 6 fats linoleic acid, arachidonic acid have been found to be cancer promoting fats.

Table 1 Breast Cancer and Omega Ratio. Full size table. Table 2 Prospective Nested Case Control Studies of Selenium and Prostate Cancer. Table 4 Prospective Studies of Folate and Breast Cancer.

Table 5 Prospective Studies of Vitamin D and Cancer. Table 6 Studies of Carotenoids and Lung Cancer. Table 7 Gerson Therapy for Melanoma []. Conclusions What is the result when all of these things are put together? CAS PubMed Google Scholar Sturm R: Increases in clinically severe obesity in the United States, — PubMed Google Scholar Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL: Actual causes of death in the United States, PubMed Google Scholar Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ: Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.

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