Obesity Management Task Force of the European Bone health and weight management for the Aeight of Obesity. Obesity ahd Bone-Related Diseases Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a managemrnt metabolic disorder Height versus weight multiple causes, characterized by bone loss, microstructure degeneration, increased brittleness, reduced bone strength, and increased risk of fracture. Animal studies complement and extend research in humans by allowing a detailed examination of caloric restriction, exercise, or nutrient manipulation under standardized conditions and by addressing mechanistic aspects. Research Faculty.

Bone health and weight management -

Fractures resulting from such seemingly innocuous activities — sometimes called fragility fractures — are usually the first symptom of osteoporosis, the skeletal disorder that makes bones vulnerable to breakage even without a serious fall or other trauma.

Osteoporosis is responsible for more than 1. Hip fractures usually require hospitalization and surgery and often result in permanent disability or the need for nursing home care. Vertebral fractures not only are painful but also cause a stooped posture that can lead to respiratory and gastrointestinal problems.

Having any kind of low-impact fracture boosts the risk of having another. These are microscopic views of bone.

On the left, a year-old woman with healthy bone structure; on the right, a year-old woman with osteoporosis. As you can see, osteoporosis undermines bone strength and resilience not only by decreasing bone mass total tissue but also by disrupting the bone's "microarchitecture," or structural organization.

Another 22 million women are at increased risk for the disease. In both sexes, certain medications glucocorticoids, aromatase inhibitors, immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy drugs, and anticonvulsants can lead to significant bone loss.

So can certain medical conditions. Celiac disease and Crohn's disease, for example, reduce the absorption of calcium and other nutrients needed for bone maintenance. Rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, chronic kidney or liver disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, and anorexia nervosa are also associated with osteoporosis.

Currently, a woman's odds of having an osteoporotic fracture are one in three. We can't control all the factors involved, but we need to do all we can to strengthen and preserve our bones. To that end, here are eight important points to keep in mind. A healthy diet preserves bone strength by providing key nutrients such as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and — of course — calcium and vitamin D.

If you don't get enough calcium, your body will take it from your bones. If your diet doesn't supply enough calcium 1, to 1, milligrams per day , take a supplement.

The same goes for vitamin D, which is needed to extract calcium from your food. Food sources of vitamin D are limited, and you may not get enough sun to manufacture adequate amounts through the skin. Experts recommend to 1, IU of vitamin D per day women being treated for vitamin D deficiency take much higher amounts.

According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, vitamin D 3 cholecalciferol is the form that best supports bone health. To learn more about other nutrients that affect bone health, visit www.

Two types of exercise — weight-bearing and resistance — are particularly important for countering osteoporosis. Weight-bearing activities are those in which your feet and legs bear your full weight. This puts stress on the bones of your lower body and spine, stimulating bone cell activity.

Weight-bearing exercise includes running, jogging, brisk walking, jumping, playing tennis, and stair climbing. Resistance exercise — using free weights, rubber stretch bands, or the weight of your own body as in sit-ups and push-ups — applies stress to bones by way of the muscles. It's especially helpful for strengthening bones of the upper body that don't bear much weight during everyday activities.

Merely occasional exercise won't help, though. Aim for at least 30 minutes of bone-strengthening exercise most days of the week. If you have osteoporosis or another pre-existing health condition, consult a clinician about whether you should avoid certain activities, positions, or movements.

Bone continually undergoes a process called remodeling, or bone turnover, which has two distinct stages: resorption breakdown and formation. Bone is a storage depot for calcium.

When the body needs calcium, bone cells called osteoclasts attach to the bone surface and break it down, leaving small cavities A. Bone-forming cells called osteoblasts move into these cavities B , releasing collagen and other proteins to stimulate bone mineralization and replace what was lost.

The osteoblasts that become incorporated in the new bone matrix are called osteocytes C. Early in life, bone formation outpaces resorption. By age 20, most of us have the greatest amount of bone tissue we'll ever have peak bone mass.

Bone mass declines very slowly until late perimenopause, when bone loss becomes more rapid, due in part to decreased estrogen, a crucial player in bone turnover. Also, after age 50 to 60 our bodies are less able to absorb calcium and produce vitamin D.

Here's what we know. Several doctors and other healthcare professionals can treat osteoporosis. The best option for you will depend largely on the underlying cause. Primary osteoporosis occurs when bone density and mass is lost due to changes that occur as you age.

Learn about symptoms, causes, and treatment…. While the science is still out on moderate alcohol use, excessive use is know to increase the risk of osteoporosis. Let's look deeper:. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is a type of osteoporosis caused by steroids. People taking corticosteroids are at a higher risk.

A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. What's the Relationship Between Osteoporosis and Obesity? Medically reviewed by Megan Soliman, MD — By Hope Gillette on May 19, Can obesity cause osteoporosis? How does obesity affect bone density?

Osteosarcopenic obesity Osteosarcopenic obesity is a relatively new term used to describe when progressive loss of muscle mass and strength sarcopenia and conditions of impaired bone health such as osteoporosis occur alongside obesity.

Not everyone living with obesity who experiences bone loss has osteosarcopenic obesity. Was this helpful? Is sedentary lifestyle a risk factor for osteoporosis? Can losing weight help osteoporosis?

Bottom line. How we reviewed this article: Sources. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations.

We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. May 19, Written By Hope Gillette.

Share this article. Read this next. READ MORE. For instance, senescence-accelerated mouse-P lines are featured by an accelerated aging phenotype and a short lifespan [ 89 ].

The senescence-accelerated mouse-P6 mice have been established as a model of senile osteoporosis: they exhibit low peak bone mass due to low bone formation and are prone to spontaneous fractures [ 90 ]. Nevertheless, these mice have not been used in diet-induced weight loss interventions.

Finally, the use of larger animal models such as dogs, sheep, and pigs might be promising for future research because they offer significant advantages compared to smaller animals [ 79 ].

These include their greater phenotypical similarities to humans and the possibility to collect larger blood volumes over time for biochemical analyses Fig. Nevertheless, their use in age-related research is hampered by their long life span, high costs, handling, housing requirements, and ethical implications.

The effects of intentional weight loss in obese older individuals are of clinical significance because this population is susceptible to poor musculoskeletal health even prior to weight reduction.

Prospective studies suggest that weight loss is associated with bone loss, impaired bone microstructure, and a higher risk of fractures in elderly.

However, these associations often reflect the negative impact of unintentional weight loss in underweight older individuals rather than the effects of intentional weight loss in their obese counterparts.

Interventional studies support the worsening of musculoskeletal health outcomes. Nevertheless, these effects appear to be relatively small following a single weight loss attempt and their contribution to the risk of fractures is unknown. The limited body of data from weight maintenance studies is a cause of concern.

These show that bone loss persists during this phase. Given the long-term implications of intentional weight loss or repeated weight reduction efforts, strategies to attenuate the harmful effects of weight loss on bone are clinically relevant but remain understudied in this group. The most compelling evidence for such strategies is derived from studies that combined caloric restriction with resistance training.

Some older individuals cannot or do not wish to perform exercise training. Thus, future work should be focused on alternative approaches that may counteract, if not prevent, bone loss during active weight loss and weight maintenance.

Simultaneously, the assessment of other geriatric outcomes and biochemical markers could provide mechanistic links between weight loss and bone loss. To this end, the use of relevant animal models serves as a unique opportunity to understand the pathophysiology of weight-loss-associated bone alterations, as well as develop and test potential counteracting strategies for obese elderly.

All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. Sign In or Create an Account. Search Dropdown Menu. header search search input Search input auto suggest.

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Funding Sources. Author Contributions. Article Navigation. Review Articles June 28 Is Weight Loss Harmful for Skeletal Health in Obese Older Adults?

Subject Area: Geriatrics and Gerontology. Maria Papageorgiou ; Maria Papageorgiou. a Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. b Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.

This Site. Google Scholar. Katharina Kerschan-Schindl ; Katharina Kerschan-Schindl. c Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Thozhukat Sathyapalan ; Thozhukat Sathyapalan. Peter Pietschmann Peter Pietschmann. pietschmann meduniwien. Gerontology 66 1 : 2— Article history Received:. Cite Icon Cite. toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu.

toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest. Table 1. View large. View Large. Table 2. View large Download slide. Proposed mechanisms underlying bone loss during intentional weight loss in obese older adults.

is the recipient of a postdoctoral Ernst Mach Fellowship. The authors have no ethical conflicts to disclose. No funding was granted for this work. Prevalence of adult overweight and obesity in 20 European countries, Search ADS.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Bone loss, physical activity, and weight change in elderly women: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. Risk factors for longitudinal bone loss in elderly men and women: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study.

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The Rancho Bernardo Study. Body weight change since menopause and percentage body fat mass are predictors of subsequent bone mineral density change of the proximal femur in women aged 75 years and older: results of a 5 year prospective study. Risk factors for bone loss in the hip of year-old women: a 4-year follow-up study.

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Weight loss in men in late life and bone strength and microarchitecture: a prospective study. Weight change between age 50 years and old age is associated with risk of hip fracture in white women aged 67 years and older. Weight loss from maximum body weight among middle-aged and older white women and the risk of hip fracture: the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study.

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Risk factors for hip fracture in white men: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Weight loss in obese older adults increases serum sclerostin and impairs hip geometry but both are prevented by exercise training. Association between weight cycling history and bone mineral density in premenopausal women.

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Exercise training in obese older adults prevents increase in bone turnover and attenuates decrease in hip bone mineral density induced by weight loss despite decline in bone-active hormones. Weighted vest use during dietary weight loss on bone health in older adults with obesity.

Effect of exercise modality during weight loss on bone health in older adults with obesity and cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

Effect of voluntary weight loss on bone mineral density in older overweight women. Very low calorie diets for weight loss in obese older adults-a randomized trial. Effect of weight loss and exercise therapy on bone metabolism and mass in obese older adults: a one-year randomized controlled trial.

Does high-intensity resistance training maintain bone mass during moderate weight loss in older overweight adults with type 2 diabetes? Armamento-Villareal R1, Qualls C.

Aerobic or resistance exercise, or both, in dieting obese older adults. Change in bone mineral density during weight loss with resistance versus aerobic exercise training in older adults.

Clinical Managemenh and Manwgement volume 4Article number: manage,ent Cite this article. Metrics details. The long-term managememt Bone health and weight management weight Artichoke main courses on skeletal health is not well understood. We examined Bone health and weight management impact of VLED-induced Gut health and herbal medicine loss on BMD healtj FFM Fat-free Mass after 3—6 months and again while in weight maintenance at 2 years in 49 subjects. The effects of absolute and relative rate of weight reduction assessed by change in weight in kilograms were assessed using general linear modeling, with baseline BMD or FFM as a covariate, and age, sex and changes in body weight as primary model predictors. At the end of 2 years, the average weight loss was greater for men weight: Obesity contributes to morbidity and mortality [ 1 ].

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