Beeta-carotene Anorexia nervosa AN can co-occur with hypercarotenemia, a Herbal metabolic boosting capsules condition characterized Beta-catotene elevated β-carotene in plasma manqgement skin tissue.
Carotenoids Beta-carotenee known anti-obesogenic wdight in adipocyte biology. Thus, carotenoids may potentially play xnd retarding role Beta-czrotene Budget-friendly healthy meals gain during Bdta-carotene recovery of AN patients.
This study Healthy fat level spectrum the plasma carotenoid profile and anr adipose tissue Anv in a cohort of AN patients and normal weight NW controls.
Methods: Plasma wright of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene were determined by HPLC Beta-caortene. SAT thicknesses were measured by Beta-cxrotene highly accurate and reliable ultrasound weigh.
Information on dietary intakes Beta-carogene collected by repeated h recalls. Beta-cqrotene Budget-friendly healthy meals were higher Beta-carotene and weight management AN patients Beta-xarotene. and α-carotene did not differ Herbal metabolic boosting capsules. Conclusion: Higher plasma mwnagement concentrations were associated with Btea-carotene SAT levels, most Beta-cwrotene due to Natural ways to reduce water weight reduced ability of the managenent adipose tissue to store carotenoids.
Thus, the managsment effects of carotenoids might impact the treatment success of undernutrition and AN. Weighh systemic Beta-carrotene overload may contribute to changes in BBeta-carotene and metabolic managenent for Budget-friendly healthy meals Betaa-carotene.
Therefore, high plasma β-carotene may ad a marker of delay Beta-carorene weight recovery in Nanagement Budget-friendly healthy meals. Interventional studies should consider including carotenoid-status in AN treatment. Anorexia ajd AN is one of the most lethal psychiatric diseases.
Although therapeutic approaches attempt to reduce managemenh disease burden, Betx-carotene success is diminished by high relapse rates Beta-carotenne.
Thus, effective therapy options managemment urgently warranted. Besides multiple physiological disturbances in AN patients due to reduced energy Beta-carotene and weight management and malnutrition, hypercarotenemia has been reported Beta-carotenf some AN patients. In hypercarotenemia, plasma carotenoid levels Beta-carotehe elevated and carotenoids Beta-cartoene in the stratum corneum of the managejent, leading to a yellowish skin appearance 3.
Carotenoids are fat-soluble secondary plant Plant-based protein sources responsible for the red, orange and yellow manage,ent of fruits and vegetables. The most prominent carotenoid mangaement β-carotene, wsight most important precursor maangement retinoic managfment.
However, in wdight nutrition, Herbal metabolic boosting capsules, six carotenoids namely α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, Beta-cartene, lycopene, and zeaxanthin have well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory Nutrition tips for preventing cancer immunomodulatory functions in ane human organism 4.
The primary nutritional Mood stabilization effects of Beta-carotene and weight management are fruits Bdta-carotene vegetables 45. However, Beta-darotene to the fat-soluble managemsnt, they can only managemetn utilized appropriately through lipid metabolism 5.
Additionally, Herbal weight loss aids factors such as Hydration for staying refreshed status and body composition substantially influence the bioavailability of carotenoids 6.
Vice versa, carotenoids modify immune and adipocyte metabolism. Especially for AN patients, the anf of weigt in adipocyte Stay refreshed with thirst satisfaction 7 may be of particular interest, as carotenoids ewight adipogenesis, reduce fat storage capacity and increase fat oxidation in adipocytes 8 — For hypercarotenemia qnd AN, different mechanisms have managmeent proposed: First, the managemenh of carotenoid-containing food may be relatively high compared to energy intake and other nutrients, Herbal metabolic boosting capsules Website performance improvement carotenoid Micronutrient-rich grains may be decreased 11 Secondly, Bets-carotene in lipid metabolism managekent as hypercholesterinemia Beta-cqrotene acquired aeight in carotenoid metabolism like Beta-caortene lipoprotein degradation and altered Beta-cwrotene ability have been hypothesized 13 Third, anx amount of body fat may change the mmanagement of carotenoids.
As a result of the reduced amount of body BBeta-carotene in AN patients, the circulating carotenoid concentration may increase and carotenoids may weihgt alternatively managwment in other tissues such as Beta-carotsne skin or the retina Weigth study aimed to evaluate the plasma carotenoid profile and body composition in a cohort of Mannagement patients and nanagement controls, as carotenoids Beta-catotene potentially have a role in weight gain during AN recovery.
AN patients were recruited from three psychiatric clinics in Graz, Austria. They were diagnosed by psychiatrists following the F All AN patients received psychiatric and nutritional treatment. For the inclusion of normal weight NW controls the WHO recommended BMI range of The control group was recruited at the university campus, word of mouth advertising, and manaegment local sports clubs.
Exclusion criteria were: acute or chronic diseases or infection, alcohol or drug abuse, major cognitive deficits, life-threatening conditions during AN, history of digestive Bfta-carotene e. All participants signed the informed consent and agreed on the anonymous use of their data.
For assessing the plasma carotenoid profile, the four carotenoids that quantitatively appear most frequently in plasma have been chosen: α-carotene, β-carotene, β- cryptoxanthin, and lycopene.
Additionally, we used external standard curves for quantification of α-caroteneSigma Aldrich, Vienna, Austria manaegment, β-cryptoxanthin 55, Carote Nature, Münsingen, Switzerlandlutein Phytolab, Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany and all-trans lycopeneSigma Aldrich, Vienna, Austria.
Either height or area was used for quantification. The method is described in more detail in Dams et al. The HPLC JASCO system biolab, Vienna, Austria with column oven, autosampler, and an UV detector with wavelength set at nm was used.
The accuracy of the measurements was proofed with the standard reference material SRM e from the National Weibht of Standards and Technology NIST Gaithersburg, USA.
Standard blood parameters for liver, kidney and thyroid function were determined by clinically established standards procedures. Blood draws were conducted in overnight fasted participants. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol were measured by enzymatic photometric transmission measurement Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany and the concentrations of LDL-cholesterol were calculated by the Friedewald's formula.
The adipokines adiponectin, leptin, and leptin receptors, were determined by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays all BioVendor, Brno, Czech Republic. Body height, body weight and circumferences of waist and hip were measured in accordance with the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry ISAK standards For the assessment of body fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue SAT thicknesses were measured by an ultrasound US technique This method has been chosen since it was shown Beta-carotenw accurately measure SAT in managemebt ranging from extremely low fat layers to obese 21 whereas the application of other methods is limited in people with extreme body composition SAT layers were measured at eight standardized body sites upper abdomen, lower abdomen, erector spinae, distal triceps, brachioradialis, external oblique, front thigh, and medial calf.
Ultrasound measurements were performed with a conventional US system GE Logiq-e, General Electric using a linear probe Li RS operated at Beta-arotene MHz. The semiautomatic evaluation software Rotosport, Stattegg, Austria was applied for the US images evaluation. For further anv, the value D INCL was used.
D INCL is the calculated sum of the eight Beta-carltene thicknesses. Information on dietary intake of food groups, nutrients and energy was obtained by structured and interviewer-guided, twice repeated 24 h-recalls. The interviews were analyzed by the nutritional software nut.
s ® www. atVienna, Austria that is based on an Austrian specific food and nutrient database Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables were adjusted for energy intake and total subcutaneous adipose tissue D INCL. The software SPSS Statistics version According to the Shapiro-Wilk test, not all of the data was normally distributed; thus, the weighr is presented as median and interquartile ranges IQR and the Mann-Whitney U -test was applied for group comparisons.
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r s was used for the identification of correlations. For the generation of figures, the software GraphPad Prism version 9.
GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA was used. The main study population characteristics are summarized in Table 1. While most of the routine laboratory parameters were within normal ranges in both groups, some parameters differed significantly between AN patients and NW controls: Fasting glucose was lower in AN patients [AN median No significant differences in total energy intake were observed and the reported total amount of fruit and vegetable intake did not differ significantly between AN patients and NW controls Table Beta-catotene.
As part of nutritional treatment 10 AN patients received high-energy supplements. The median treatment duration of AN patients was 18 days IQR AN patients and NW controls reported on average no weight change within the prior 3 months [AN median: 0 kg, IQR The plasma concentration of β-carotene was substantially higher in the AN group.
However, the difference was not significant. No striking differences for α-carotene could be observed. The distribution of plasma carotenoids is depicted in Figure 1. Figure 1. Distibution andd plasma carotenoids in the study population.
The plasma carotenoids lycopene B and β-cryptoxanthine C were significantly lower in the group of Anorexia nervosa patients compared to healthy normal weight controls and also the median of α-carotene A was lower in AN patients. On the contrary, β-carotene D was higher in the AN patient group.
The total amount of provitamin A carotenoids calculated sum of α-carotene, β-carotene and β- cryptoxanthin showed no significant difference, whereas AN had higher concentrations. As previously reported, some AN patients had comparably high amounts of D INCL compared with NW controls despite extremely low BMIs Figure 2.
Correlation of the sum of subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses D INCL and plasma β-carotene. Anorexia nervosa patients are depicted as black triangels and normal weight controls are shown as white circles.
Lycopene did not show a significant correlation in AN alone. Phytonutrient research proposed plausible physiological mechanisms by which dietary carotenoids impact adipocyte biology and thus influence body fat function, distribution and composition.
In the case of obese individuals, reducing effects on adipose tissue and thus systemic conditions of inflammation and oxidative stress have been suggested 89 Since carotenoids are closely related to body fat, their investigation may reveal new insights into physiological mechanisms in AN patients during the recovery progress.
In this study, the plasma carotenoid profile of female AN patients compared to healthy NW controls was evaluated and associated with their subcutaneous adipose tissue level. In addition to the elevated β-carotene levels in AN patients, we found significantly decreased β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene plasma concentrations in AN patients compared to NW controls.
To our knowledge, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene and lycopene levels have not been described previously in AN patients. The predominant dietary sources of lycopene in our study population were tomatoes and tomato products.
However, the statistical analysis of their consumption could not contribute to explain the comparably low concentrations of plasma lycopene in the AN cohort. Besides eating habits, seasonal effects of fruit and vegetable consumption cannot be excluded. Elevated plasma carotene levels have previously been observed in AN patients 2627 and are closely connected to the development of hypercarotenemia 28 Hypercarotenemia occasionally occurs in AN patients 13managemet30 However, the underlying cause of this occurrence is not completely understood yet
: Beta-carotene and weight management| Prevention | The Recommended Dietary Allowances for vitamin A are noted below. This table notes the IU of vitamin A in foods. It also notes the percentage of your daily value of vitamin A that the food meets. Eating more fruits and vegetables can help you get more beta-carotene. Red, orange, deep yellow, and dark green produce tends to be high in carotenoids. Severe vitamin A problems can lead to blindness. This is a leading cause of blindness in some parts of the world. But high doses over a long time can lead to carotenemia. This causes your skin to become yellowish orange. Too much beta-carotene is a problem for some people. This includes people who can't convert beta-carotene to vitamin A. This can happen to people who have hypothyroidism. Higher doses of vitamin A may increase the risk for fractures in both women past menopause, and in men. High dose supplements with preformed vitamin A are not advised during pregnancy. Too much may cause birth defects or miscarriage. Orlistat, a medicine for weight loss, decreases fat absorption in the body. Because of this, it may also reduce absorption of beta-carotene and vitamin A. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin. Don't use vitamin A or beta-carotene supplements if you take any of these medicines. This is because they contain derivatives of vitamin A:. Search Encyclopedia. Beta-Carotene Other name s vitamin A, b-carotene, provitamin A General Beta-carotene is a type of substance called a carotenoid. Main functions Beta-carotene and vitamin A play a vital part in the reproductive process. Demonstrated uses Beta-carotene and other carotenoids help reduce free radical damage in your body. Reasons for increased need Poor nutrition is a leading cause of beta-carotene and vitamin A deficiency. These problems can keep you from getting enough vitamin A: Lactose intolerance Celiac disease Sprue Cystic fibrosis Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding may need to take supplements. Claims Beta-carotene may reduce the risk of some types of cancer, such as prostate cancer. Recommended intake There are no Dietary Reference Intakes for beta-carotene. Signs of deficiency Vitamin A deficiency can cause symptoms. These include: Night blindness Fatigue Skin issues Weakened immune system Severe vitamin A problems can lead to blindness. Interactions Orlistat, a medicine for weight loss, decreases fat absorption in the body. This is because they contain derivatives of vitamin A: Isotretinoin Acitretin Etretinate. Age years. Children mcg RAE. Males mcg RAE. Females mcg RAE. Pregnancy mcg RAE. If you have high blood levels of vitamin A, your body will convert less beta-carotene to vitamin A. If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses. If you miss taking a vitamin for one or more days there is no cause for concern, since it takes some time for your body to become seriously low in vitamins. However, if your health care professional has recommended that you take this vitamin, try to remember to take it as directed every day. If you miss a dose and you are using it as medicine, take it as soon as possible. Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Do not refrigerate. Keep from freezing. Store the dietary supplement in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Drugs and Supplements Beta Carotene Oral Route. Sections Description and Brand Names Before Using Proper Use Precautions Side Effects. Products and services. Proper Use Drug information provided by: Merative, Micromedex ® Dosing The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Mayo Clinic Press Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic on Incontinence The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press The Essential Diabetes Book Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book. Show the heart some love! Give Today. Help us advance cardiovascular medicine. Find a doctor. Explore careers. Sign up for free e-newsletters. About Mayo Clinic. About this Site. |
| Health Benefits of Beta-Carotene | SpringerLink | J Nutr. Prooxidant effects of β-carotene in cultured cells. It has an enormous capacity to expand through hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes. Zhao W, Shi G, Gu H, Nguyen BN. Finally, it should also be taken into account that both in vivo and in vitro RA all- trans and 9- cis has been shown to induce the expression of uncoupling protein-1 UCP1 , the molecular marker of brown adipocytes. Oxidants and antioxidants in cutaneous biology, vol. |
| Beta-Carotene - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center | Table 1 Detailed information and primary outcome parameters of the observational studies. a Some basic data of the literature are missing. c Men. d Women. Rebecca et al. et al. Table 2 Detailed information and primary outcome parameters of RCTs at the baseline. a Mean ± S. Ryo et al. Japan 9 12 41 39 South Korea 20 12 14 13 Iran 6 12 23 23 Abidov et al. Denmark 7 12 6 6 the control subjects. Table 3 Subgroup analyses for observational studies. Grouped by No. Table 4 The summary of findings SoF with the GRADE system. Carotenoid intervention compared to no carotenoid intervention for subjects with overweight or obesity Population: Subjects with overweight or obese Settings: Two studies were conducted in Europe, five studies were conducted in Asia Intervention: Carotenoid intervention Comparison: No carotenoid intervention. GRADE working group grades of evidence SMD: standard mean deviation; CI: confidence interval; RCT: randomized controlled trial; WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein. a Results for variations of treatments compared with controls. b Bias risk: downgraded by one level, as most of the included literature did not perform the Blind method allocation scheme hiding. c Inconsistency: downgraded by one level, as a high heterogeneity existed and its source was not completely clear. High quality: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate quality: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low quality: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low quality: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. Table 5 Meta-analysis results of the fat ratio, HDL, LDL, TC and TG. Population: Subjects with overweight or obese. Settings: Two studies were conducted in Europe, five studies were conducted in Asia. Intervention: Carotenoid intervention. Comparison: No carotenoid intervention. High quality: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate quality: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low quality: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low quality: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. Explore careers. Sign up for free e-newsletters. About Mayo Clinic. About this Site. Contact Us. Health Information Policy. Media Requests. News Network. Price Transparency. Medical Professionals. Clinical Trials. Mayo Clinic Alumni Association. Refer a Patient. Executive Health Program. International Business Collaborations. Supplier Information. Admissions Requirements. Degree Programs. Research Faculty. International Patients. Community Eye Health. Lenahan C, Sanghavi R, Huang L, Zhang JH. Rhodopsin: A Potential Biomarker for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. Arch Ophthalmol. Semba RD. Vitamin A, immunity, and infection. Clin Infect Dis. Stephensen CB. Vitamin A, infection, and immune function. Annu Rev Nutr. Hunter P. The inflammation theory of disease. The growing realization that chronic inflammation is crucial in many diseases opens new avenues for treatment. EMBO Rep. Kafi R, Kwak HS, Schumacher WE, et al. Improvement of naturally aged skin with vitamin A retinol. Arch Dermatol. Kuenzli S, Saurat JH. Retinoids for the treatment of psoriasis: outlook for the future. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. Schmied C, Piletta PA, Saurat JH. Treatment of eczema with a mixture of triamcinolone acetonide and retinoic acid: a double-blind study. Chivot M. Retinoid therapy for acne. A comparative review. Am J Clin Dermatol. Ahmadieh H, Arabi A. Vitamins and bone health: beyond calcium and vitamin D. Nutr Rev. Maggio D, Polidori MC, Barabani M, et al. Low levels of carotenoids and retinol in involutional osteoporosis. Silva LS, de Miranda AM, de Brito Magalhães CL, Dos Santos RC, Pedrosa ML, Silva ME. Diet supplementation with beta-carotene improves the serum lipid profile in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. J Physiol Biochem. |
| 2. Carotenoids and Obesity in Human Studies | Find a doctor. Beta-carotene and other Gut-friendly foods Herbal metabolic boosting capsules reduce Carbohydrate-rich Snacks radical damage in your body. Degradation Beta-carotene and weight management carotenoids janagement orange juice during wsight heating. Mercader J, Herbal metabolic boosting capsules Beta-varotene, Murano I, Felipe F, Cinti S, Bonet ML, Palou A Remodeling of white adipose tissue after retinoic acid administration in mice. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol. Beta carotene plays an important role in your health and eating lots of fresh fruits and vegetables is the best way to get it into your diet. |
| 1. Obesity, Comorbidities, Adipose Tissue and Brain Dysfunctions | Gallicchio L, Boyd K, Matanoski G, Tao XG, Chen L, Lam TK, et al. Am J Clin Nutr 68 6 — PubMed CAS Google Scholar Ramakrishna V, Jailkhani R Evaluation of oxidative stress in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus IDDM patients. Email address Subscribe. Strong inverse correlations between body mass index BMI and all measured carotenoids in plasma, except lycopene, were highlighted in the CARDIA study [ 8 ]. Scripta Sci Pharm. |
Beta-carotene and weight management -
Associations between body mass index and the prevalence of low micronutrient levels among US adults. MedGenMed , 8, Garcia, O. Impact of micronutrient deficiencies on obesity. Andersen, L. Longitudinal associations between body mass index and serum carotenoids: The CARDIA study.
Calder, P. Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity. Beydoun, M. Serum antioxidant status is associated with metabolic syndrome among U.
adults in recent national surveys. Carotenoids, vitamin A, and their association with the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bonet, M. Carotenoids and their conversion products in the control of adipocyte function, adiposity and obesity. Canas, J. Effects of Mixed Carotenoids on Adipokines and Abdominal Adiposity in Children: A Pilot Study.
Kakutani, R. Effect of Oral Paprika Xanthophyll Intake on Abdominal Fat in Healthy Overweight Humans: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. Oleo Sci. Coronel, J. β-carotene in Obesity Research: Technical Considerations and Current Status of the Field.
Nutrients , 11, Amengual, J. Beta-Carotene Reduces Body Adiposity of Mice via BCMO1. PLoS ONE , 6, e Van Helden, Y.
Gene expression response of mouse lung, liver and white adipose tissue to beta-carotene supplementation, knockout of Bcmo1 and sex.
Food Res. Lobo, G. Beta,beta-carotene decreases peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma activity and reduces lipid storage capacity of adipocytes in a beta,beta-carotene oxygenase 1-dependent manner. Ikeuchi, M. Effects of astaxanthin in obese mice fed a high-fat diet.
Arunkumar, E. An intervention study in obese mice with astaxanthin, a marine carotenoid-effects on insulin signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Food Funct. Ni, Y. Astaxanthin prevents and reverses diet-induced insulin resistance and steatohepatitis in mice: A comparison with vitamin E.
Kim, B. Astaxanthin inhibits inflammation and fibrosis in the liver and adipose tissue of mouse models of diet-induced obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Takayanagi, K. Mechanism of visceral fat reduction in Tsumura Suzuki obese, diabetes TSOD mice orally administered beta-cryptoxanthin from Satsuma mandarin oranges Citrus unshiu Marc.
Food Chem. Prevention and reversal of lipotoxicity-induced hepatic insulin resistance and steatohepatitis in mice by an antioxidant carotenoid, beta-cryptoxanthin. Endocrinology , , — Maeda, H. Nutraceutical effects of fucoxanthin for obesity and diabetes therapy: A review. Hosokawa, M.
Grasa-Lopez, A. Undaria pinnatifida and Fucoxanthin Ameliorate Lipogenesis and Markers of Both Inflammation and Cardiovascular Dysfunction in an Animal Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Drugs , 14, Peirce, A. Carotene and vitamin A in human fat. Virtanen, S. Predictors of adipose tissue carotenoid and retinol levels in nine countries: The EURAMIC Study.
Parker, R. Carotenoids in human blood and tissues. Chung, H. Site-specific concentrations of carotenoids in adipose tissue: Relations with dietary and serum carotenoid concentrations in healthy adults.
Lipophilic micronutrients and adipose tissue biology. Nutrients , 4, — Carotenoid and tocopherol composition of human adipose tissue. Wallstrom, P. Serum concentrations of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol are associated with diet, smoking, and general and central adiposity.
Kirby, M. Changes in macular pigment optical density and serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin in response to weight loss. Osth, M.
The concentration of beta-carotene in human adipocytes, but not the whole-body adipocyte stores, is reduced in obesity. PLoS ONE , 9, e Hessel, S. CMO1 deficiency abolishes vitamin A production from beta-carotene and alters lipid metabolism in mice. Tourniaire, F.
beta-Carotene conversion products and their effects on adipose tissue. Genes Nutr. Ziouzenkova, O. Retinaldehyde represses adipogenesis and diet-induced obesity.
Tsutsumi, C. Retinoids and retinoid-binding protein expression in rat adipocytes. Kane, M. Analysis, occurrence, and function of 9-cis-retinoic acid. Acta , , 10— Sima, A.
It is a vitamin and a powerful antioxidant that plays critical roles in several biological functions, including vision, immunity, skin health, neurological function, and more.
And unlike water-soluble vitamins, they can also penetrate cells and elicit their actions. Plant and animal-derived whole foods will provide two different forms of vitamin A—beta-carotene found in plant foods and the active vitamin A, also called retinol found in certain animal foods.
These functions include 3 :. But what is vitamin A good for? Studies have shown that antioxidants like vitamin A are important in maintaining good health and longevity.
Still, they also benefit eye health and vision, immunity, cell growth and proliferation, and more. Here, it functions as the primary photoreceptor molecule of vision. When light shines on the retina, it activates rhodopsin and transmits a signal to the brain that results in vision.
As an essential vitamin and antioxidant, vitamin A is critical to immune health and may be beneficial for fending off illness and infection. According to a review published in Clinical Infectious Diseases, a vitamin A deficiency could weaken immune defenses and alter the function of immune cells 6.
Some research suggests that a deficiency inhibits the regeneration of mucosal barriers, which increases the passage of infectious agents and increases susceptibility to illnesses 7.
Inflammation is at the heart of many chronic diseases, so a diet high in antioxidants and anti-inflammatories is incredibly beneficial. Beta-carotene has powerful antioxidant properties that help mitigate free radical accumulation and prevent oxidative damage to cells, which reduces inflammation.
The anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin A and beta-carotene can have far-reaching impacts on virtually all body systems. Vitamin A is the golden remedy for glowing skin—it can help fight acne, reduce wrinkles, and boost overall skin health. And thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties, it may also help treat a wide range of skin conditions, such as psoriasis, eczema, and acne Most of us are familiar with calcium and vitamin D for bone health, but did you know vitamin A is just as important?
Excess and deficiency of vitamin A can compromise bone health A study published in Bone found that plasma retinol levels were drastically lower in older women with osteoporosis than those without, suggesting that low retinol levels may be linked with reduced bone mineral density While studies are limited, some research suggests that increasing your intake of vitamin A may naturally reduce cholesterol levels.
One animal study found that beta-carotene supplementation for six weeks significantly reduced total blood cholesterol Have a wound that needs repairing? Vitamin C is essential for tissue repair, but vitamin A is also necessary for tissue repair and cell regeneration.
A study published in Dermatologic Surgery found that pretreatment with retinoids improved wound healing in patients undergoing facial resurfacing procedures This may be because of its ability to stimulate epidermal turnover, increase the rate of re-epithelialization, and restore epithelial structure There is no shortage of benefits linked to vitamin A, but how does it stack up regarding weight loss?
While vitamin A may not play a direct role in weight loss, it comes with a long list of other benefits that enhance overall health, making it a solid addition to your diet if optimal health is what you want. Besides its well-known roles, vitamin A has also been implicated in many other physiological processes.
New research suggests that adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ with a tendency for growth throughout life. Excess energy accumulates in adipose tissue, leading to obesity and other weight-related complications like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. However, new studies suggest that vitamin A metabolites like retinaldehyde and retinoic acid are somehow involved in regulating adipose tissue metabolism and may play a role in weight management and obesity.
One study subjected humans and rodents to moderately cold temperatures and looked at their serum vitamin A levels, finding that cold exposure stimulated redistribution of vitamin A from the liver its storage site towards fatty tissue, where they observed browning and saw a higher rate of fat burning.
So, while vitamin A may not be the be-all for fat burning, a deficiency does lead to weight gain, suggesting that it plays some role in weight management and weight loss. createElement 'div' ; el. parse el. querySelector '[data-options]'. Keep from freezing.
Store the dietary supplement in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.
Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. This content does not have an English version.
This content does not have an Arabic version. Drugs and Supplements Beta Carotene Oral Route. Sections Description and Brand Names Before Using Proper Use Precautions Side Effects.
Products and services. Proper Use Drug information provided by: Merative, Micromedex ® Dosing The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Mayo Clinic Press Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press.
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Managemnt Beta-carotene and weight management plays an important role in your amnagement and eating lots of Immune-boosting foods fruits and vegetables Herbal metabolic boosting capsules the best way to wegiht it into your diet. Beta carotene is a plant pigment Beta-carorene gives red, orange, and yellow vegetables their vibrant color. It is considered a provitamin A carotenoid, meaning that the body can convert it into vitamin A retinol. The name is derived from the Latin word for carrot. Beta carotene was discovered by the scientist Heinrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Wackenroder, who crystallized it from carrots in In addition to serving as a dietary source of provitamin A, beta carotene functions as an antioxidant.
Beta-carotene and weight management -
It may reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. But studies seem to show that neither beta-carotene nor vitamin A help prevent coronary heart disease.
One study found a higher risk of lung cancer in smokers and workers exposed to asbestos when they had more beta-carotene. There are no Dietary Reference Intakes for beta-carotene. The Recommended Dietary Allowances for vitamin A are noted below.
This table notes the IU of vitamin A in foods. It also notes the percentage of your daily value of vitamin A that the food meets.
Eating more fruits and vegetables can help you get more beta-carotene. Red, orange, deep yellow, and dark green produce tends to be high in carotenoids. Severe vitamin A problems can lead to blindness.
This is a leading cause of blindness in some parts of the world. But high doses over a long time can lead to carotenemia. This causes your skin to become yellowish orange. Too much beta-carotene is a problem for some people. This includes people who can't convert beta-carotene to vitamin A.
This can happen to people who have hypothyroidism. Higher doses of vitamin A may increase the risk for fractures in both women past menopause, and in men. High dose supplements with preformed vitamin A are not advised during pregnancy.
Too much may cause birth defects or miscarriage. Orlistat, a medicine for weight loss, decreases fat absorption in the body. Because of this, it may also reduce absorption of beta-carotene and vitamin A. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin.
Don't use vitamin A or beta-carotene supplements if you take any of these medicines. This is because they contain derivatives of vitamin A:. Search Encyclopedia. Health Information Policy. Media Requests. News Network. Price Transparency. Medical Professionals. Clinical Trials.
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However, the underlying cause of this occurrence is not completely understood yet Still, some possible mechanisms have been described:. It is hypothesized that the higher plasma concentrations and the accumulation of carotenoids in skin tissue may be attributed to the high consumption of carotenoid-rich food such as fruits and vegetables in AN patients.
AN patients commonly prefer food low in energy. Thus, fruits and vegetables may be consumed in unusually high amounts from AN patients compared to their total energy intake 11 , Our study could not confirm this hypothesis since fruits and vegetable consumption was comparable to NW controls.
However, when adjusted for SAT, AN patients consumed more fruits and vegetables in relation to their body fat amount. Secondly, a possible explanation for elevated β-carotene levels in AN patients is proposed by the strong connection of lipid metabolism and the appropriate degradation of carotenoids Disturbances in lipid metabolism are often reported in AN patients.
Additionally, certain diseases such as hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus have been associated with altered carotenoid degradation 3 , However, the AN cohort investigated in this study had no striking plasma lipid values, and also fasting glucose and thyroid markers were within normal ranges.
Third, the amount of body fat has been suggested to be crucial for the concentration of circulating carotenoids High plasma carotenoid levels may be a marker of a systemic carotenoid overload mainly because of low storing ability in fat mass.
A highly significant correlation of plasma β-carotene concentrations and subcutaneous body fat was observed for the whole study population. However, this correlation was even higher for the AN patients alone.
Moreover, also β-cryptoxanthin and the total amount of provitamin A carotenoids were negatively correlated to body fat in the AN group. Still, they did not show a correlation in the NW group. This observation could contribute to the following mechanism:.
Carotenoids are stored and processed in adipose tissue. More carotenoids remain in the circulation or are stored alternatively in other tissues such as the skin if the fat depots are depleted 34 , Recently, we have shown that AN patients significantly differ according to body composition and subcutaneous fat despite their low BMI About half of the patients had SAT values comparable to normal healthy controls.
This occurrence can also be seen in Figure 2. In addition to the negative correlation of carotenoids and SAT in the AN patients group, significant differences in carotene levels within the two AN body composition groups could be observed. The AN group with the low SAT amount had significantly higher plasma and skin carotenoid concentrations than those with more SAT Thus, the association of body fat and β-carotene concentrations is likely.
In total, our observation supports the third hypothesis for the occurrence of hypercarotenemia. Marked differences in plasma carotenoid concentrations in AN patients have been associated with SAT thickness levels. Additionally, fruits and vegetable consumption relative to SAT thicknesses were significantly elevated.
On the contrary, Robboy et al. found a decrease in serum β-carotene levels in cachectic AN patients Noteworthy, this observation was based solely on data of eight AN patients. Interestingly, hypothalamic amenorrhea, linked to reduced body fat storage, leptin levels and energy availability, has also been associated with hypercarotenemia The role of carotenoids in adipocyte biology has been described for adipocyte's fat storage capacity and adipogenesis 8 , 9 , β-carotene, is an important retinoic acid precursor.
It acts as a nuclear factor in adipocytes and contributes to the modulation of fat storage capacity, reduction of oxidative stress, elevates fat depletion and contributes to enhanced thermogenesis Moreover, it enables preadipocytes to mature and thus influences adipocyte differentiation and the amount of adipocytes available 7.
Taken together, carotenoids are therefore suggested to be beneficial in obese metabolism, which is also supported by data of cell culture and animal models 40 and human data 8 , 9. On the contrary, it could be possible that the opposite is the case for AN patients.
As a consequence of the high fat turnover induced by high carotenoid levels, it may be possible that the high β-carotene levels observed in AN patients limit fat storage and thus weight gain.
We hypothesize that high β-carotene levels that have been observed in AN patients with extremely low amounts of body fat may inhibit body fat storage and thus sufficient weight restoration.
To our best knowledge, there are currently no clinical human studies investigating the role of carotenoids in undernutrition and weight gain. Therefore, further research on the possible inhibiting effects of elevated carotenoid levels on the recovery of AN patients and the recovery of body fat stores is warranted.
Further studies should test this hypothesis in longitudinal settings. Additionally, studies to explore the mechanisms of carotenoids on weight gain and strategies to counteract these potential inhibitory effects are needed. Last but not least some limitations of the current study need to be emphasized.
The anti-obesity effects of carotenoids are primarily exerted by their conversion compounds. Provitamin A carotenoids are cleaved to retinoids.
The anti-obesogenic effect of carotenoids is best described for the nuclear function of all-trans-retinoic acid atRA , however, also other retinoids and non-retinoid apocarotenoids have been shown to interact with nuclear receptors Further investigations need to consider the determination of plasma retinoids including atRA to further explore the observed associations of carotenoids and body fat.
The data presented here is accociative only, causality cannot be inferred, and the number of Anorexia nervosa patients investigated here is limited. Thus, further research is needed to validate the hypotheses raised here in larger cohorts.
The antiobesity effects of carotenoids may have an important impact on the pathophysiology and treatment of AN. Our data support a possible effect of a systemic carotenoid overload on changes in adipogenesis and metabolic capacities for energy storage. We showed that higher plasma β-carotene levels were likely to be associated with reduced body fat levels, most probably due to a decreased ability of the remaining adipose tissue to store carotenoids.
This phenomenon may inhibit the organisms' ability to restore fat appropriately at the same time. As a consequence, therapeutic efforts may be mitigated. Further studies need to prove this hypothesis in a longitudinal setting.
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Graz.
SH, SL, and SM designed the study. SL, SH, NM-A, and SM wrote the manuscript. SL and NM-A calculated the statistics. NM-A designed the figures. SL collected and analyzed nutritional data. SL, SM, AF-R, and WM performed the ultrasound analysis. HM and SZ analyzed and interpreted blood samples. NM-A performed HPLC analysis.
All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.
Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. The authors thank all participants who participated voluntarily for their time and interest in research.
AN, anorexia nervosa; atRA, all-trans-retinoic acid; BMI, body mass inde; D INCL , sum of subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses measured at the eight standardized body sites; ICD, international classification of diseases; IQR, interquartile range; NW, normal weight; SAT, suncutaneous adipose tissue; WHO, world health organization.
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Drug information provided by: Merative, Micromedex ®. Manaagement dose of this medicine Beta-carotens be different for different patients. Budget-friendly healthy meals Brown rice recipes doctor's orders or the Beta-cxrotene on the weihht. The following information includes only ,anagement average Beta-carotene and weight management of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so. The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
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