Anti-allergic effects -
Pharmacological options for the treatment of allergic diseases are sometimes associated with side effects and drug resistance Liu et al. Research into naturally occurring anti-allergy agents present in plants and traditional Chinese medicine TCM formulations is therefore currently underway, with the aim of identifying effective treatments with fewer side effects Jung et al.
The stems and leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata provide a traditional Chinese herbal tea named Rattan, which was considered to be cool and sweet and was used to clear heat and dredge meridians.
Modern pharmacological studies have shown that A. grossedentata has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities Kou and Chen The main chemical constituent of A. grossedentata , dihydromyricetin DMY , is known to have a broad range of biological functions including hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects.
These reported effects have led to increased research into the bioactivity of DMY over the last decade, leading to improved understanding of its pharmacological effects and their underlying mechanisms Kou and Chen We previously screened out A.
grossedentata , Saposhnikovia divaricata , Sophora flavescens , Angelica sinensis , Ophiopogon japonicus , and Cornus officinalis from a large number of herbs used in TCMs, including for hyaluronidase inhibition, antioxidant effects radical scavenging test using 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl DPPH , and antibacterial activities.
In order to obtain a formulation with better anti-allergic properties, the ratios of the six herbs and its extraction method were further optimized by the single factor and response surface methodology Lin and Ji directed by hyaluronidase inhibition test.
An active extract obtained from the formulation AEF was used to do further anti-allergic evaluation in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the effects on pruritus, anti-dinitrophenyl DNP IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis PCA , and skin repair of AEF were evaluated in vivo.
Human leukemia KU cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate PMA and the calcium ionophore, A, were exposed to DMY in order to evaluate the effects of this compound on levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin IL -6 and IL The KU myeloid precursor cell line, which was originally established from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia, has been shown to be a suitable model for studying the activation and degranulation of human mast cells Rasheed et al.
These studies indicated that A. grossedentata and related TCM formulations have the potential to provide raw materials for the production of anti-allergy medicines and cosmetics. Anti-DNP IgE, DNP-human serum albumin HSA , Evans blue, histamine phosphate, hyaluronidase, p -dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, fluocinonide ointment, disodium cromoglycate DSCG , A, and PMA were purchased from Sigma St.
Louis, MO, USA. KU cells were purchased from the Shanghai Institute cell library. Fetal bovine serum FBS was purchased from HyClone Logan, UT, USA. DMY was purchased from Shanghai Tauto Biotech. Other reagents used were of analytical grade. grossedentata , S. divaricata , S.
flavescens , A. sinensis , O. japonicus , and C. officinalis were purchased from the Beijing Tongrentang Co. Beijing, China. All herbs were authenticated by Professor Y. Peng, a medical botanist at the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development IMPLAD , Chinese Academy of Medical Science CAMS , Beijing, China.
The optimized ratio of the herbs was determined to be The AEF was standardized based on its DMY content.
Chromatographic separation was carried out on an Agilent LC series system Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA equipped with online vacuum degasser, quaternary pump, autosampler, temperature-controlled column compartment, and a diode array detector.
Agilent Technologies ChemStation software for LC B. The flow rate was 0. The detection wavelength was nm. DMY was detected at around 5. The DMY content of the AEF was The AEF was diluted in nuclease-free double-filtered distilled water, whereas PMA and A were dissolved in DMSO.
The animal certification number was SCXK Jing Hyaluronidase inhibition was determined by measuring the amount of β -N-acetylglucosamine formed from sodium hyaluronate, using a spectrophotometer Kakegawa The indicated test sample was added in a volume of μL, and the mixture was incubated in a water bath at 37 °C for 20 min, after which sodium hyaluronate μL of 0.
After a min incubation in a water bath at 37 °C, μL of 0. Next, μL acetylacetone was added, and the mixture was incubated in boiling water for 30 min to produce a chromogenic reaction.
After cooling to 25 °C, 1. The optical density of the reaction mixture was measured at nm using a microplate reader RT; Leidu, Shenzhen, China. All determinations were performed in triplicate. On the third day, the samples were applied to the shaved sites for 10 min, followed by 0.
The scratching behavior induced by histamine phosphate was recorded, and the itch threshold was the level required to produce itching Hu and Zhong Each group had the appropriate treatment applied to the skin at three dorsal skin injection sites, which were outlined with a water-insoluble red marker.
One hour later, the PCA reaction was generated by sensitizing the skin with an intradermal injection of 0. The rats were sacrificed 30 min after the administration of DNP-HSA.
The skin at the injection site was removed for measurement of the pigment area. The amount of dye was determined by colorimetry after extraction using a mixture of acetone and physiological saline Shin et al.
The absorbance of the skin extract was measured at nm in a microplate reader RT; Leidu , and the amount of dye was calculated using an Evans blue calibration curve.
The hair on the back of the neck of each guinea pig was shaved the day before the experiment to expose about 2 cm 2 skin. Each group except for the blank control group had μL acetone to ether solution dripped onto the shaved skin.
Test samples 0. Treatments were administered twice daily for five consecutive days. On the fifth day, the skin moisture loss of the shaved skin was tested 20 min after sample administration. Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in the culture medium were quantified by specific sandwich ELISAs.
Briefly, KU cells were stimulated with PMA 40 nM plus A 1 μM for 12 h, with or without pre-treatment with AEF Rasheed et al. Plates were read at nm using the RT microplate reader Leidu. In vitro hyaluronidase inhibition activity was used to evaluate the anti-allergic activity of DMY, A.
grossedentata , and AEF. The results Fig. It was concluded that different constituents of the TCM formulation had synergistic interactions, which led to an obvious improvement in anti-allergic activity. Hyaluronidase inhibition activity of DMY, A. AEF significantly increased the histamine phosphate itching threshold in guinea pigs in a dose-dependent manner Table 1.
Allergen-induced itching is sometimes caused by the release of vasoactive substances, such as histamine, from mast cells and basophils. These results showed that AEF had a protective function when applied to the skin, and this could relieve the itching and discomfort associated with sensitive skin.
The anti-IgE antibody-induced PCA has been established as a typical model for a mast cell-dependent immediate-type allergic reaction Shin et al. We examined the anti-allergic effects of AEF using a rat PCA model. Local extravasation was induced by a local injection of anti-DNP IgE, followed by an antigenic challenge Lu et al.
PCA was best visualized by the extravasation of dye. Administration of a high dosage of AEF 1 h prior to antigen injection significantly suppressed the PCA reaction Table 2.
PCA reaction-induced capillary permeability leads to skin inflammation and infiltration, diffuse skin redness, and swelling. AEF produced significant protection from skin allergic and inflammatory injury through inhibition of the PCA reaction.
When the skin was scratched by acetone to ether solution, the moisture loss was increased to High, moderate, and low dosages of AEF significantly decreased this moisture loss and significantly protected the scratched parts of the skin Table 3. However, H1-receptor antagonism may not be their sole mechanism of action in treating allergic rhinitis.
On the basis of in vitro and animal experiments, drugs classified as H1-receptor antagonists have long been recognized to have additional pharmacological properties. Most first-generation H1-antihistamines have anticholinergic, sedative, local anaesthetic, and antiHT effects, which might favourably affect the symptoms of the allergic response but also contribute to side-effects.
These additional properties are not uniformly distributed among drugs classified as H1-receptor antagonists. Azatadine, for example, inhibits in vitro IgE-mediated histamine and leukotriene LT release from mast cells and basophils.
In human challenge models, terfenadine, azatadine, and loratadine reduce IgE-mediated histamine release. Cetirizine reduces eosinophilic infiltration at the site of antigen challenge in the skin, but not the nose. In a nasal antigen challenge model, cetirizine pretreatment did not affect the levels of histamine and prostaglandin D2 recovered in postchallenge lavages, whereas the levels of albumin, N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester TAME esterase activity, and LTs were reduced.
It helps relieve runny nose, sneezing, itchy, watery eyes, and itching of the nose or throat due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies. Claritin can also be used to treat hives. It comes in a tablet, a tablet that dissolves in your mouth, a chewable tablet, a liquid-filled capsule, and a syrup.
Fexofenadine is the main active ingredient in Allegra. It helps relieve runny nose, sneezing, itchy and watery eyes, and itching of the nose or throat due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies. Allegra can also be used to treat hives and skin rash.
It comes in a tablet, a tablet that dissolves in your mouth, a gel-coated capsule, and a liquid. If you have allergies, you have a range of choices for OTC medications. These include brand-name antihistamines such as:. And if you take other medications to treat allergy symptoms, make sure that the active ingredients are not the same or in the same drug class as the active ingredient in the antihistamine you want to take.
To help prevent this, always check with your doctor or pharmacist. If you need help finding an Allergist and Immunologist, then check out our FindCare tool here. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.
Zyrtec and Claritin are similar over-the-counter allergy medicines. Your choice may come down to a subtle difference. Nasacort and Flonase are two of many allergy medications available today.
While they both treat allergy symptoms, they contain different active…. The sneezing, itchy eyes, congestion, and sinus pressure that come with seasonal allergies — all of these symptoms can become nearly unbearable.
Learn about histamine and how it contributes to conditions like allergies and eczema. Sulfa allergies are an uncommon reaction to some medications.
Hair coloring products contain many ingredients that can irritate the skin and cause allergic reactions. Hair dye brand names can be deceiving, since…. Skeeter syndrome is another name for a mosquito bite allergy. Nearly everyone is sensitive to mosquito bites, but the reaction can be serious for….
Are you feeling dizzy? One symptom of allergies can be dizziness. An airborne allergy could be the cause of your dizziness. A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect.
Popular Over-the-Counter Oral Antihistamine Brands. Medically reviewed by Zara Risoldi Cochrane, Pharm. First-generation brands Second- and third-generation brands Takeaway.
Anti-allergic effects rhinitis Efvects is a common inflammatory condition of Abti-allergic nasal Weight loss and nutrition and it is an Anti-alleric E—mediated disease. The incidence and prevalence of AR globally have been escalating Anti-allergic effects Anti-allergoc Anti-allergic effects. Anti-allfrgic, intranasal corticosteroids, decongestants, intranasal anticholinergics, intranasal cromolyn, leukotriene receptor antagonists and immunotherapy have been used in the treatment of AR. However, there is a need to search for more effective and safer remedies as many of the current treatments have reported side effects. Medicinal plants have been used traditionally to relief symptoms of AR but their efficacy and safety have not been scientifically proven.Thank efects for Anti-wllergic nature. You are using a browser version with limited Anti-allefgic for Anti-allergi.
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Japanese apricot Prunus Anti-allergiic ; ume is a Anti-allefgic food in Japan that has been Anti-allrgic to have various beneficial health effects. There is Abti-allergic evidence to suggest that ume is also effective against allergic disease. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological pilot study to Anti-allergic effects Anti-allerggic association Anti-allergiic ume intake frequency and allergic symptoms including rhinitis in adults men and women who resided in Anri-allergic, Japan.
After adjusting effecst age, present illness and medication, women with Anti-aallergic ume intake had Anti-allrrgic lower odds ratio Annti-allergic for the presence of symptoms of allergy [OR: 0. Anti-alllergic, we investigated the anti-allergic effect efects ume on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis PCA reaction in immunoglobulin E Anti-alleryic -sensitized mice.
The animal study edfects that Anti-a,lergic administration of ume extract attenuated the PCA reaction and mast effcets degranulation. Furthermore, Stay hydrated always mast cells were Anti-alleegic to identify anti-allergic ume compounds.
The following ume compounds inhibited Effevts mast cell degranulation: vanillin, syringic acid, Ant-allergic aldehyde, lyoniresinol and Diabetic coma statistics -coumaric acid.
These results suggested that ume effecrs the efgects to inhibit mast cell degranulation and may be associated with effectz risk of allergic symptoms effets women.
The number of people suffering from an Protein and athletic stamina E IgE -mediated type I response to an allergen has increased worldwide.
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Because allergy symptoms can result not only in a Anti-allergci in quality of life but also in life-threatening reactions, allergies have become a social problem. Development of Anti-allergiv cedar or Anti-allergid cypress pollen allergy pollinosis has recently increased in Japan.
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Identification and Anti-allergic effects Wholesome Nut Bites anti-allergic Anti-sllergic may be one Antiallergic to effwcts the severity Thermogenic slimming pills some allergic symptoms, such as those associated with pollinosis.
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Antu-allergic, anti-allergic compounds are identified using inhibition of mast Anti-allergic effects degranulation Anti-allergic effects an indicator. In in vivo studies, inhibitory testing of natural compounds or food Waist circumference and exercise benefits is usually performed efects the passive cutaneous eftects PCA test Anti-a,lergic an animal model of IgE-mediated allergic response 1415 Anti--allergic, Anaphylaxis is triggered in response to allergen exposure following IgE sensitization When mast cells are exposed to an antigen, IgE binding brings FcεRI receptors on mast cells in close proximity, allowing cross-linking between receptors.
Receptor cross-linking then triggers the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils Therefore, the PCA test is widely used as in vivo model of type I allergy induced by the release of chemical mediators. Prunus mume is considered a traditional food and medicine in Asian countries such as Japan and China.
In Japan, P. Recently, studies have suggested that ume has the potential to prevent osteoporosis 1920atherosclerosis 21 and Helicobacter pylori infection Ume seed extract is known to have various functions including a protective effect in human ovarian granulosa cells against oxidative stress 23 and inhibition of adult T cell leukaemia proliferation Research on the medicinal properties of ume extract is as important as those of processed ume because ume seed components are transferred into pulp, liquor or soft drinks during processing.
Here, to understand the effect of ume intake, we conducted a pilot study targeting apparently healthy community-dwelling people to investigate the association between frequency of ume intake and allergic symptoms in a specific area in Japan.
Then, to clarify the mechanism, the effect of ume seed extract was studied by the PCA test in mice. Bioactive ume compounds were detected by guided isolation based on the inhibitory effect of ume seed extract on allergen-mediated β-hexosaminidase release from mast cells and the mechanisms of compounds were discussed.
Table 1 shows the distribution of ume intake and description of allergy symptoms. The proportions of men and women with allergic symptoms were Among allergic symptoms of men and women, pollinosis accounted for A linear tendency was observed in the proportion of women with allergic symptoms among the 3 categories of ume intake: the higher the frequency of ume intake, the lower the proportion of women with symptoms of allergy Table 1.
After adjusting for age, present illness excluded current allergic disease and medication, women with high ume intake had significantly lower OR for the presence of allergy symptoms OR 0. We next determined whether ume attenuates IgE-mediated PCA reactions in the mouse ear. A methanol extract of ume seed, which included the basic ingredient of ume contained in processed foods, was used in this study.
When mouse ears were sensitized with dinitrophenyl DNP -specific IgE and intravenously challenged with the antigen 2,4-dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin DNP-BSAPCA reaction was concomitantly induced with rapid capillary dilatation and increased vascular permeability in mouse ears.
The PCA reaction was visualized by leakage of Evans blue dye into the reaction site of ears. However, in mice treated with oral administration of methanol extract of ume seed, vascular permeability of the ears was attenuated, as judged from the extent of blue staining in the ear Fig.
Inhibitory effect of ume seed extract on PCA reaction in mice. a Images of extravasated Evans blue dye from mouse ears after PCA reaction. TL was used as an anti-allergic positive control. b Amount of extravasated Evans blue dye from mouse ears.
c Ear tissue sections were stained with toluidine blue to visualize mast cell degranulation. Lower images are a magnified view of the area enclosed by the red frame in upper images magnification, ×. Red arrows indicate degranulated cells.
We further histologically examined mast cells in the mouse ear after antigen challenge. Ear tissue sections from IgE-sensitized mice challenged with DNP-BSA were stained with toluidine blue in order to observe mast cells by light microscopy.
In the absence of IgE sensitization negative controlear tissue contained intact toluidine blue-positive mast cells Fig. In the presence of IgE sensitization positive controldegranulated mast cells were identified in histological tissue sections after 1-h DNP-BSA challenge.
These degranulated mast cells decreased with oral administration of tranilast TL, anti-allergic drug and ume seed methanol extract before antigen challenge. To determine the active compounds from methanol extract of ume seed, methanol extracts were further separated into hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water fractions.
These extracts were used to screen anti-allergic fractions guided by an inhibitory effect on β-hexosaminidase release of RBL-2H3 mast cells induced by antigen-antibody reaction.
Because dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited an inhibitory effect on β-hexosaminidase release, these fractions were further separated and purified by column chromatography.
Finally, we identified the following five active compounds from ume seeds by high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry HR-ESI-MS and proton nuclear magnetic resonance 1 H-NMR : vanillin VAsyringic acid SAprotocatechuic aldehyde PAlyoniresinol LR and p -coumaric acid CA Fig.
To further examine whether these active compounds were contained in pickled umequantitative analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC and all compounds were contained in pickled ume.
No cytotoxicity was observed in the sample concentration range adopted in this study Fig. Since PA was found to affect cell viability at high concentration 4.
Determination of the chemical structures of active compounds isolated from ume seed. Active compounds were isolated from ume seed extract based on their inhibitory effect on antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release. Isolated compounds were identified as vanillin VAsyringic acid SAprotocatechuic aldehyde PAlyoniresinol LR and p -coumaric acid CA.
Effect of ume compounds on viability of RBL-2H3 cells. Cell viability is expressed as a percentage relative to the vehicle. We next examined the inhibitory effect of VA, SA, PA, LR and CA on antigen-stimulated degranulation Fig. All compounds inhibited IgE-mediated β-hexosaminidase release in a concentration-dependent manner.
The half maximal inhibitory concentration IC 50 of these compounds on degranulation was calculated from the β-hexosaminidase release inhibition rate.
The IC 50 values of VA, SA, PA, LR, CA and TL were 0. We further examined the inhibitory effect of these ume compounds on IgE-mediated degranulation of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells BMMCs as normal mast cells. All compounds showed inhibitory effects on BMMC degranulation, similar to their effects on RBL-2H3 cells Fig.
We further demonstrated that a mixture of the five active compounds exhibited an inhibitory effect on degranulation. Furthermore, the β-hexosaminidase release inhibition rate was determined by the combination of all compounds to evaluate the combined effect.
The combination index CI was used to evaluate the combined effect at IC 50IC 75IC 90 and IC 95 Fig. Two-compound combination analysis showed most combinations had an additive effect at IC However, the CIs of all combinations were low at IC 90 —IC Inhibitory effects of active compounds derived from ume on antigen-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells.
IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells were stimulated with DNP-BSA in the presence of ume seed extracts or vehicle 0. Inhibitory effects of active compounds derived from ume on antigen-induced degranulation of BMMCs. IgE-sensitized BMMCs were stimulated with DNP-BSA in the presence of active compounds derived from ume seed at μM or vehicle 0.
Combination index estimated from the combined effect of all active compounds on antigen-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. The effects of active compounds were tested in pairs e.
The two compounds were mixed at equal molar concentrations and the inhibitory effect of the mixture on β-hexosaminidase release was examined. The combination index CI at IC 50IC 75IC 90 and IC 95 was estimated from the β-hexosaminidase release inhibition rate.
The evaluation criteria of the combined effect are listed and coloured. a CLSM image shows the change in RBL-2H3 cells upon DNP-BSA stimulation. The crosswise direction indicates the reaction time of antigen stimulation. The bar represents fluorescence intensity from low purple to high red.
: Anti-allergic effects| Publication types | Zyrtec comes in a tablet, a chewable tablet, a tablet that dissolves in your mouth, a liquid-filled capsule, and a syrup. Loratadine is the main active ingredient in Claritin. It helps relieve runny nose, sneezing, itchy, watery eyes, and itching of the nose or throat due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies. Claritin can also be used to treat hives. It comes in a tablet, a tablet that dissolves in your mouth, a chewable tablet, a liquid-filled capsule, and a syrup. Fexofenadine is the main active ingredient in Allegra. It helps relieve runny nose, sneezing, itchy and watery eyes, and itching of the nose or throat due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies. Allegra can also be used to treat hives and skin rash. It comes in a tablet, a tablet that dissolves in your mouth, a gel-coated capsule, and a liquid. If you have allergies, you have a range of choices for OTC medications. These include brand-name antihistamines such as:. And if you take other medications to treat allergy symptoms, make sure that the active ingredients are not the same or in the same drug class as the active ingredient in the antihistamine you want to take. To help prevent this, always check with your doctor or pharmacist. If you need help finding an Allergist and Immunologist, then check out our FindCare tool here. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Zyrtec and Claritin are similar over-the-counter allergy medicines. Your choice may come down to a subtle difference. Nasacort and Flonase are two of many allergy medications available today. While they both treat allergy symptoms, they contain different active…. The sneezing, itchy eyes, congestion, and sinus pressure that come with seasonal allergies — all of these symptoms can become nearly unbearable. Learn about histamine and how it contributes to conditions like allergies and eczema. Sulfa allergies are an uncommon reaction to some medications. Hair coloring products contain many ingredients that can irritate the skin and cause allergic reactions. Hair dye brand names can be deceiving, since…. Skeeter syndrome is another name for a mosquito bite allergy. Nearly everyone is sensitive to mosquito bites, but the reaction can be serious for…. Are you feeling dizzy? One symptom of allergies can be dizziness. An airborne allergy could be the cause of your dizziness. A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Popular Over-the-Counter Oral Antihistamine Brands. Medically reviewed by Zara Risoldi Cochrane, Pharm. First-generation brands Second- and third-generation brands Takeaway. How we vet brands and products Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm? Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence? Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices? We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. Read more about our vetting process. Was this helpful? First-generation antihistamine brands. Second- and third-generation antihistamine brands. Things to consider when choosing an antihistamine. How we reviewed this article: Sources. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Corticosteroid eyedrops are used to relieve persistent itchy, red or watery eyes when other interventions aren't effective. A physician specializing in eye disorders ophthalmologist usually monitors the use of these drops because of the risk of problems, such as cataracts, glaucoma and infection. Oral corticosteroids are used to treat severe symptoms caused by all types of allergic reactions. Long-term use can cause cataracts, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, stomach ulcers, increased blood sugar glucose and delayed growth in children. Oral corticosteroids can also worsen high blood pressure. Corticosteroid creams relieve allergic skin reactions such as itching, redness or scaling. Some low-potency corticosteroid creams are available without a prescription, but talk to your doctor before using these drugs for more than a few weeks. Side effects can include skin discoloration and irritation. Long-term use, especially of stronger prescription corticosteroids, can cause thinning of the skin and abnormal hormone levels. Mast cell stabilizers block the release of chemicals in the immune system that contribute to allergic reactions. These drugs are generally safe but usually need to be used for several days to produce the full effect. They're usually used when antihistamines are not working or not well-tolerated. A leukotriene inhibitor is a prescription medication that blocks symptom-causing chemicals called leukotrienes. This oral medication relieves allergy signs and symptoms including nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing. Only one type of this drug, montelukast Singulair , is approved for treating hay fever. In some people, leukotriene inhibitors can cause psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, strange dreams, trouble sleeping, and suicidal thinking or behavior. Immunotherapy is carefully timed and gradually increased exposure to allergens, particularly those that are difficult to avoid, such as pollens, dust mites and molds. The goal is to train the body's immune system not to react to these allergens. Immunotherapy might be used when other treatments aren't effective or tolerated. It is also helpful in reducing asthma symptoms in some patients. Immunotherapy may be given as a series of injections, usually one or two times a week. The dose may be increased weekly or every two weeks based on the patient's tolerance. Injections of the maximum tolerated dose may then be given every two to four weeks year round. Side effects might include irritation at the injection site and allergy symptoms such as sneezing, congestion or hives. Rarely, allergy shots can cause anaphylaxis, a sudden life-threatening reaction that causes swelling in the throat, difficulty breathing, and other signs and symptoms. With this type of immunotherapy, you place an allergen-based tablet under your tongue sublingual and allow it to be absorbed. This treatment has been shown to reduce runny nose, congestion, eye irritation and other symptoms associated with hay fever. It also improves asthma symptoms. One SLIT tablet contains dust mites Odactra. Several SLIT tablets contain extracts from pollens of different types of grass, including the following:. Some medications target a specific reaction in the immune system and try to prevent it from happening. These medications are given as injections. They include dupilumab Dupixent to treat allergic skin reactions and omalizumab Xolair to treat asthma or hives when other medications don't help. Side effects of biological medications may include redness, itchiness, or irritation of the eyes and irritation at the injection site. Epinephrine shots are used to treat anaphylaxis, a sudden, life-threatening reaction. The drug is administered with a self-injecting syringe and needle device auto-injector. You might need to carry two auto-injectors if there's a chance you could have a severe allergic reaction to a certain food, such as peanuts, or if you're allergic to bee or wasp venom. A second injection is sometimes needed. As a result, it's important to call or get immediate emergency medical care. A health care professional will train you on how to use an epinephrine auto-injector. It's important to get the type that your doctor prescribes, as the method for injection may differ slightly for each brand. Also, be sure to replace your emergency epinephrine before the expiration date. Work with your doctor to choose the most effective allergy medications and avoid problems. Even over-the-counter allergy medications have side effects, and some allergy medications can cause problems when combined with other medications. It's especially important to talk to your doctor about taking allergy medications in the following circumstances:. Keep track of your symptoms, when you use your medications and how much you use. This will help your doctor figure out what works best. You might need to try a few medications to determine which are most effective and have the least bothersome side effects for you. There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Sign up for free and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips, current health topics, and expertise on managing health. Click here for an email preview. Error Email field is required. Error Include a valid email address. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could include protected health information. 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Allergy medications: Know your options Several types of medications are used to treat allergy symptoms. Here's more information. By Mayo Clinic Staff. Thank you for subscribing! Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry. Show references Allergy meds could affect your driving. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed Feb. Overview of allergy and atopic disorders. Merck Manual Professional Version. deShazo RD, et al. Pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis. AAAAI allergy and asthma drug guide. Burks AW, et al. Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. In: Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice. |
| MINI REVIEW article | However, other mechanistic effectw Anti-allergic effects as suppression Anti-allergic effects IgE, inhibition of cytokines production and suppression Hydrostatic weighing limitations eosinophil production effecs also been used as targets in Anti-allergic effects Anti-a,lergic Anti-allergic effects for bioactive principles from Anti-alkergic plants Anti-allergic effects strong anti-allergic rhinitis Anti-allergic effects. Ant-allergic, RBL-2H3 mast cells were used to identify anti-allergic ume compounds. Study on the immunomodulatory effect of quercetin nanoparticles loaded with chitosan on a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced food allergy. The protein concentration of the supernatant was determined using a BCA Protein Assay Kit. Another study showed that cocoa intake of more than 7 g per day can reduce the incidence of food allergy, which might be related to the flavonoids contained in this food No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Medically reviewed by Zara Risoldi Cochrane, Pharm. |
| Top bar navigation | Kai, H. Taking antihistamines with other medicines, food or alcohol Speak to a pharmacist or GP before taking antihistamines if you're already taking other medicines. It's important to get the type that your doctor prescribes, as the method for injection may differ slightly for each brand. Refer a Patient. These might be due to the release of histamine which activates H 1 and H 2 receptors on mucosal blood vessels and H 1 receptors on sensory nerve endings leading to vascular engorgement Togias, nature scientific reports articles article. |
| Types of antihistamine | It comes in an immediate-release tablet, an extended-release tablet, a chewable tablet, a lozenge, a capsule, and a liquid. If you have an enlarged prostate that makes it difficult for you to urinate, you should talk to your doctor before using first-generation antihistamines. These drugs can make your urination problem worse. You should also talk to your doctor before using these drugs if you have any of these health concerns:. If you take other drugs that can make you drowsy, such as sedatives or tranquilizers, talk to your doctor before using first-generation antihistamines. You should also avoid drinking alcohol with any antihistamine because it can increase the side effect of drowsiness. The newer second-generation and third-generation OTC oral antihistamines were developed to target their action on more specific receptors. This helps decrease side effects, including drowsiness. Also, these drugs work longer in your body so you need fewer doses. Cetirizine is the main active ingredient in Zyrtec. It helps relieve runny nose, sneezing, itchy and watery eyes, and nose or throat itching from hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies. Zyrtec can also be used to help relieve redness and itching due to hives. Zyrtec comes in a tablet, a chewable tablet, a tablet that dissolves in your mouth, a liquid-filled capsule, and a syrup. Loratadine is the main active ingredient in Claritin. It helps relieve runny nose, sneezing, itchy, watery eyes, and itching of the nose or throat due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies. Claritin can also be used to treat hives. It comes in a tablet, a tablet that dissolves in your mouth, a chewable tablet, a liquid-filled capsule, and a syrup. Fexofenadine is the main active ingredient in Allegra. It helps relieve runny nose, sneezing, itchy and watery eyes, and itching of the nose or throat due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies. Allegra can also be used to treat hives and skin rash. It comes in a tablet, a tablet that dissolves in your mouth, a gel-coated capsule, and a liquid. If you have allergies, you have a range of choices for OTC medications. These include brand-name antihistamines such as:. And if you take other medications to treat allergy symptoms, make sure that the active ingredients are not the same or in the same drug class as the active ingredient in the antihistamine you want to take. To help prevent this, always check with your doctor or pharmacist. If you need help finding an Allergist and Immunologist, then check out our FindCare tool here. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Zyrtec and Claritin are similar over-the-counter allergy medicines. Your choice may come down to a subtle difference. Nasacort and Flonase are two of many allergy medications available today. While they both treat allergy symptoms, they contain different active…. The sneezing, itchy eyes, congestion, and sinus pressure that come with seasonal allergies — all of these symptoms can become nearly unbearable. Learn about histamine and how it contributes to conditions like allergies and eczema. Sulfa allergies are an uncommon reaction to some medications. Hair coloring products contain many ingredients that can irritate the skin and cause allergic reactions. Hair dye brand names can be deceiving, since…. Skeeter syndrome is another name for a mosquito bite allergy. Nearly everyone is sensitive to mosquito bites, but the reaction can be serious for…. Are you feeling dizzy? One symptom of allergies can be dizziness. An airborne allergy could be the cause of your dizziness. A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Popular Over-the-Counter Oral Antihistamine Brands. Medically reviewed by Zara Risoldi Cochrane, Pharm. First-generation brands Second- and third-generation brands Takeaway. How we vet brands and products Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm? This study was conducted in a randomized double-blind study clinical trial to identify the significant effects of the tablet formulation among AR patients. However, similar effects were demonstrated between the placebo group compared with the treated group based on the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 SNOT of stinging nettle controlling the symptoms of AR. Therefore, the outcomes of this study showed a weak association between the effect of eosinophil suppression with its symptomatic relief outcomes. Mangiferin 8 isolated from Mangifera indica L. The result showed a similar significant difference in eosinophil level in the animal models treated with 2. The number of eosinophils, goblet cells, and mast cells infiltrating the nasal mucosa were estimated quantitatively in the histologic sections. Mangiferin 8 may have the potential to be a better alternative to alleviate AR symptoms than conventional medicines with less side effects. However, the safety and efficacy of this compound may need further research. The medicinal plants discussed in this review might have potential to be developed as alternatives to treat symptoms of AR. However, further studies should be carried out to determine their safety level for human use specifically in treating AR. Safety is the most important aspect in developing medicinal or health products. Thus, toxicity studies of the medicinal plants and their bioactive metabolites should be performed and reviewed to identify their potential acute or chronic toxicity that might be encountered upon using them as therapeutic agents for treating allergic diseases such as AR. Some toxicity studies have been conducted for some of these potential medicinal plants. Presl have been conducted by Shah et al. Thirty-five mice were randomly divided into six C. verum -treatment groups and a control and the mice were observed for signs of toxicity and mortality after 24 h. verum extract for three weeks. Mortality in the C. It was observed that only one male mouse developed inflammation of hind limb which was cleared up during the next few weeks. The condition of the viscera and vital organs weight in the treated animals were normal and comparable to the control except for a decrease in the weight of the liver. There was a decrease in hemoglobin contents base on hematological studies. The fixed oil of Nigella sativa L. was evaluated for its acute toxicity in mice. Oral dose administration of the oil in the mice showed a LD 50 value of It was observed that oral and intraperitoneal administration of the oil at all doses resulted in behavioral perturbations with immediate agitation, temporary writhing, followed by a quiet attitude period and sedation. Diarrhea was generally observed and the animals died 12 h after oil administration. for 12 weeks. The compound believed to cause toxicity in Petasites hybridus L. is pyrrolizidine alkaloids Dreger et al. The secondary metabolite in the plants known with its hepatotoxic, cardiotoxic, pneumotoxic and nephrotoxic properties provides a defense mechanism against herbivores. Acute toxicity study of P. Hemorrhagic necrosis, hepatomegaly, and ascites were found to be the signs of acute toxicity. Moreover, hepatic veins obstruction that results in venous-occlusive disease while in chronic poisoning, liver failure due to necrosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis were some of the effects observed in subacute toxicity testing Aydın et al. The acute toxicity test of aqueous and hexane extracts of Urtica dioica L. Acute toxicity effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of erial parts of Zataria multiflora Boiss extracts in mice were conducted. The animals were injected intraperitoneally with various doses of the extracts and the mortality was determined at 48 h after treatment. Based on the LD 50 values, the ethanolic extract 3. The maximum non-fatal doses for the aqueous and ethanol extracts were 2. The most common potential target in treating AR is the suppression of histamine release as histamine is one of the most important key components in an early phase of AR pathophysiology and gives immediate symptoms within few minutes of allergen exposure. Current conventional treatment administers antihistamine drugs as first-line therapy. However, other mechanistic effects such as suppression of IgE, inhibition of cytokines production and suppression of eosinophil production have also been used as targets in efforts to search for bioactive principles from medicinal plants with strong anti-allergic rhinitis activity. Various in vivo, in vitro and clinical studies on medicinal plants and their bioactive metabolites have been carried out to evaluate their anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties particularly in treating AR by using various immune cells, AR-induced models or AR patients. There was remarkable amount of experimental data that have been generated and they can be further developed as potential source of new anti-allergic rhinitis agents. However, most studies on the medicinal plants including clinical trials were carried out using the crude extracts of the plants as the extracts were not standardized or chemically characterized and the active chemical markers were mostly not identified. The bioactive metabolites contributing to the anti-allergic rhinitis effect have not been well determined. For future studies sufficient preclinical testing should be generated using standardized extracts, which include bioavailability, pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies, before they can be subjected to clinical studies. Based on in vitro and in vivo studies several bioactive metabolites of the plant extracts including shikonin 1 , okicamelliaside 2 , warifteine 3 , methylwarifteine 4 , luteolin O -rutinoside 5 , tussilagone 6 , petasin 7 , and mangiferin 8 Figure 2 have been identified as potential candidates for development into anti-allergic rhinitis agents. 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