Air displacement measurement -
Please click here to view figures collected from a US patent filed for the BodPod: an air plethysmographic apparatus manufactured by Life Measurements Instruments, a medical device company based in Concord, California.
The Bod Pod consists of an air circulation system represented by item 60 on figure 2 linked to a plethysmographic measurement chamber pointed out by item 50 on figure 2. The air circulation system embodied in greater detail by Fig 3 of the patent , comprised of one or more pumps, acts as both a source of circulation and filtration within the chamber by using ambient air air that is derived from a temperature-enclosed environment.
Clean air is pumped into the chamber via an inlet tube represented by item 86 while contaminated air is moved out of the chamber through an outlet tube represented by item 88 , where it is later filtered and recycled.
In order to gather accurate data, it is imperative that the volume of air in the chamber is recorded before a subject enters the chamber. Once all data has been collected, it is wirelessly transmitted to a computer for further analysis using software provided by Life Instruments.
Dempster Phillip, Michael Homer, and Mark Lowe United States Patent A1. Your email address will not be published.
Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Ma G, Yao M, Liu Y, Lin A, Zou H, Urlando A, Wong WW, Nommsen-Rivers L, Dewey KG. Validation of a new pediatric air-displacement plethysmograph for assessing body composition in infants.
Macias N, Alemán-Mateo H, Esparza-Romero J, Valencia ME. Body fat measurement by bioelectrical impedance and air displacement plethysmography: a cross-validation study to design bioelectrical impedance equations in Mexican adults.
Nutr J. McCrory MA, Molé PA, Gomez TD, Dewey KG, Bernauer EM. Body composition by air-displacement plethysmography by using predicted and measured thoracic gas volumes. J Appl Physiol. National Center for Health. Statistics in collaboration with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
Birth to 36 months: boys length-for-age and weight-for-age percentiles, Hyattsville May 30, ; modified April Available at: www. pdf Accessed 24 June Ramírez E, Valencia ME, Moya-Camarena SY, Alemán-Mateo H, Méndez RO. Four-compartment model and validation of deuterium dilution technique to estimate fat-free mass in Mexican youth.
Ruppell G. Manual of pulmonary function testing. Louis: Mosby; Sainz RD, Urlando A. Evaluation of a new pediatric air-displacement plethysmograph for body-composition assessment by means of chemical analysis of bovine tissue phantoms. Sly PD, Lanteri C, Bates JH. Effect of the thermodynamics of an infant plethysmograph on the measurement of thoracic gas volume.
Pediatr Pulmonol. Stick S. Measurements during tidal breathing. In: Stock J, Sly PD, Tepper RS, Morgan WJ, editors. Infant respiratory function testing.
New York: Wiley-Liss; p — Sopher A, Shen W, Pietrobelli A. Pediatric Body Composition Methods. In: Heymsfield S, Lohman T, Wang ZM, Going S, editors. Human body composition.
Human kinetics; Stocks J, Marchard F, Kraemer R, Gutkowski P, Yishay EB, Godfrey S. Plethysmographic assessment of functional residual capacity and airway resistance. Urlando A, Dempster P, Aitkens S. A new air displacement plethysmograph for the measurement of body composition in infants.
Wells JCK, Douros I, Fuller NJ, Eli M, Dekker L. Assessment of body volume using three-dimensional photonic scanning. White M, Davies P, Murphy A. Validation of percent body fat indicators in pediatric oncology nutrition assessment. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. Wilmore JH.
A simplified method for determination of residual lung volumes. Download references. We thank the Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo CIAD, A. Research Center for Food and Development in Hermosillo, Mexico, for providing the equipment and facilities for the illustration of the BOD POD human measurement procedure.
We specially thank Erika Ibarra and Alma Robles, for their assistance and participation in the photographic procedures, and Aida Espinosa for her assistance with drawings and graphics. We thank Cruz Teros, official photographer of the University of Sonora for taking the pictures of the BOD POD measurement procedure.
We also thank Manuel Ramirez and Karen Schlosser from the Instituto de Nutricion de Centro America y Panama Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, INCAP in Guatemala City, Guatemala, for providing the photographs of the hydrostatic weight measurement. Thanks also to Life Measurement Inc.
LMI , California, USA, for allowing us to use their images. Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Mauro E. Reprints and permissions. Valencia, M. Body Fat Measurement by Air Displacement Plethysmography: Theory, Practice, Procedures, and Applications.
In: Preedy, V. eds Handbook of Anthropometry. Springer, New York, NY. Published : 12 January Publisher Name : Springer, New York, NY. Print ISBN : Online ISBN : eBook Packages : Medicine Medicine R0.
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Policies and ethics. Skip to main content. Abstract The importance of measuring body composition has increased because of the need to evaluate changes in nutritional status that can affect body reserves differentially.
Keywords Body Composition Anorexia Nervosa Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Body Volume Central Process Unit These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Buying options Chapter EUR eBook EUR Softcover Book EUR Hardcover Book EUR Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Learn about institutional subscriptions.
References Alemán-Mateo H, Huerta RH, Esparza-Romero J, Mendez RO, Urquidez R, Valencia ME. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Behnke AR, Feen BG, Welham WC. Article Google Scholar Butte NF, Hopkinson JM, Wong WW, Smith EO, Ellis KJ. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Chang R.
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Article Google Scholar Dewit O, Fuller NJ, Fewtrell MS, Elia M, Wells JC. Article CAS Google Scholar Ellis KJ, Yao M, Shypailo RJ, Urlando A, Wong WW, Heird WC.
PubMed CAS Google Scholar Fields DA, Goran MI, McCrory MA. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Fields DA, Hull HR, Cheline AJ, Yao M, Higgins PB. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Gaba AM, Zhang K, Marder K, Moskowitz CB, Werner P, Boozer CN. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB, Heo M, Jebb SA, Murgatroyd PR, Sakamoto Y.
PubMed CAS Google Scholar Ginde SR, Geliebter A, Rubiano F, Silva AM, Wang J, Heshka S, Heymsfield SB. Article PubMed Google Scholar Gnaedinger RH, Reineke EP, Pearson AM, VanHuss WD, Wessel JA, Montoye HJ. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Gundlach BL, Visscher GJW.
PubMed CAS Google Scholar Huerta RH, Esparza-Romero J, Urquidez R, Pacheco BI, Valencia ME, Alemán-Mateo H.
Google Scholar Life Measurement Incorporated. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Macias N, Alemán-Mateo H, Esparza-Romero J, Valencia ME.
Nutrition Displcement volume 6Article number: 18 Cite this article. Metrics details. Displacemnet study of BMI for Metabolic Health composition in Caloric intake and micronutrients populations by techniques Air displacement measurement as measudement analysis Displacemen requires validation based on standard reference methods. The aim of this study was to develop and cross-validate a predictive equation for bioelectrical impedance using air displacement plethysmography ADP as standard method to measure body composition in Mexican adult men and women. This study included male and female subjects from northern Mexico, 20—50 years of age, from low, middle, and upper income levels. Body composition was measured by ADP.Air displacement measurement -
method: Body volume is determined by monitoring changes in pressure within a closed chamber. These pressure changes are achieved by oscillating a speaker mounted between the front testing chamber and a rear reference chamber, which causes complementary pressure changes in each chamber. The pressure changes are very small and are not noticed by the individual being tested.
advantages: high level of accuracy, ease-of-use, and fast test time. Compared to underwater weighing, the Bod Pod does not require getting wet, and is well suited for special populations such as children, obese, elderly, and disabled persons.
Some research or academic institutions may offer tests for a fee. comments: The Bod Pod technology is fundamentally the same as underwater hydrostatic weighing , but uses air instead of water.
We have over fitness tests listed, so it's not easy to choose the best one to use. You should consider the validity, reliability, costs and ease of use for each test. Use our testing guide to conducting, recording, and interpreting fitness tests. Any questions, please ask or search for your answer.
To keep up with the latest in sport science and this website, subscribe to our newsletter. We are also on facebook and twitter. home search sitemap store. Results from linear regression analyses of the PEA POD volume measurements against the volumes calculated from the cylinders' linear dimensions are displayed in Table 4.
Data are presented by session and with all four sessions combined. In all cases, the regression equations gave very low SEE 0. The regression analysis using combined data from all four sessions is illustrated in Figure 2.
As can be seen, the system's linearity was excellent. Linear regression of volume measurements by PEA POD using combined data from all four sessions versus the NIST-traceable volumes. Solid line is regression equation. Mean percentage volume errors are presented in Table 5.
The mean values and the SD and CV for repeated mass measurements presented in Table 1 indicate the exceptional precision and accuracy of the PEA POD scale.
The SD and CV values for repeated measurements presented in Table 2 indicate a high precision for PEA POD volume measurements. SD values ranged between 1.
This level of precision is comparable to that shown by the BOD POD when used to measure the volume of inanimate objects 14 and well above the performance of other body composition methods designed for the infant population and evaluated with inanimate objects The between-day reliability shown by the PEA POD for the range of volumes tested, with mean CV values ranging from 0.
Results from linear regression analyses indicate a high agreement between the volumes measured by the PEA POD and the volumes computed from precisely measured linear dimensions. The magnitude of this error is well within the expected measurement variability for densitometry Even though the PEA POD demonstrates exceptional ability to measure the mass and volume of inanimate objects, this is only the first step.
It remains to be seen how the PEA POD performs with respect to the more challenging tasks of testing animal tissue samples varying in mass, volume, and fat content and, most important, living human infants.
This research is now under way. The advantages of the PEA POD include a testing sequence that is noninvasive, is fast, does not expose the subject to radiation, and does not require that the subject be sedated for a test. These characteristics, combined with the accuracy displayed in this study, demonstrate the potential of this technology to assess the body composition of infants.
This could lead to the development of a useful tool for researchers and clinicians involved in the nutritional assessment and management of infants.
National Center for Health Statistics Division of Data Services. Hyattsville, MD. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults: United States, Accessed February 7, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES Prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents: United States, Guo SS, Chumlea WC Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood.
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Pediatrics 99 : — Lauer RM, Clarke WR Childhood risk factors for high adult blood pressure: the Muscatine study. Pediatrics 84 : — CAS Google Scholar. Ellis KJ Human body composition: in vivo methods.
Physiol Rev 80 : — Koo W Body composition measurements during infancy. Ann N Y Acad Sci : — Fields DA, Goran MI Body composition techniques and the four-compartment model in children.
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Yee AJ, Fuerst T, Salamone L, Visser M, Dockrell M, Van Loan M, Kern M Calibration and validation of an air-displacement plethysmography method for estimating percentage body fat in an elderly population: a comparison among compartmental models.
Am J Clin Nutr 74 : — Daniels F, Alberty RA Physical Chemistry. Dempster P, Aitkens S A new air displacement method for the determination of human body composition.
Med Sci Sports Exerc 27 : — Boyd E Experimental error inherent in measuring growing human body. Am J Phys Anthropol 13 : — Wang Y, Moss J, Thisted R Predictors of body surface area.
J Clin Anesth 4 : 4— Tepper RS, Merth IT, Newth CJL, Gerhardt T Measurement of functional residual capacity in infants by helium dilution and nitrogen washout. In: Stock J, Sly PD, Tepper RS, Morgan WJ eds Infant Respiratory Function Testing.
Wiley-Liss, New York, — Stocks J, Marchard F, Kraemer R, Gutkowski P, Yishay EB, Godfrey S Plethysmographic assessment of functional residual capacity and airway resistance. In: Stock J, Sly PD, Tepper RS, Morgan WJ eds Infant respiratory function testing. National Center for Health Statistics in collaboration with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
Birth to 36 months: boys length-for-age and weight-for-age percentiles May 30, ; modified April Accessed June 24, Stick S Measurements during tidal breathing. Sheng H-P, Dang T, Adolph AL, Schanler RJ, Garza C Infant body volume measurement by acoustic plethysmography.
In: Ellis KJ, Yasumura S, Morgan WD eds In Vivo Body Composition Studies. The Institute of Physical Sciences and Medicine, London, — Butte NF, Hopkinson JM, Wong WW, O'Brien Smith E, Ellis KJ Body composition during the first 2 years of life: an updated reference.
Pediatr Res 47 : — Nuñez C, Kovera AJ, Pietrobelli A, Heshka S, Horlick M, Kehayias JJ, Wang Z, Heymsfield SB Body composition in children and adults by air displacement plethysmography.
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Download references. Life Measurement Incorporated, Concord, , CA, U. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Alessandro Urlando. The research for this manuscript was supported by NIH Small Business Innovative Research Grants R43DK and R43DK from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney diseases NIDDK.
The authors are employees of Life Measurement, Inc. Reprints and permissions. Urlando, A. A New Air Displacement Plethysmograph for the Measurement of Body Composition in Infants.
Pediatr Res 53 , — Download citation. Received : 03 April Accepted : 06 November Issue Date : 01 March Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
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nature pediatric research articles article. Download PDF. Abstract This article introduces and evaluates the PEA POD Infant Body Composition System, an air displacement plethysmograph designed for the assessment of body composition in infants between birth and 6 mo of age.
Body composition assessment in 6-month-old infants: A comparison of two- and three-compartment models using data from the Baby-bod study Article Open access 17 January Development and validation of anthropometric-based fat-mass prediction equations using air displacement plethysmography in Mexican infants Article Open access 13 April Body composition in preterm infants: a systematic review on measurement methods Article 22 August Main The prevalence of obesity in adults and children continues to rise 1 , 2.
METHODS Theory. When air is allowed to change temperature in response to volume changes adiabatic conditions , Poisson's Law expresses its behavior as follows: For air, γ is 1. Figure 1. Full size image. RESULTS Mean values, as well as SD and coefficient of variation CV values for repeated mass measurements, are presented in Table 1.
Table 3 Within-day and between-day reliability of volume measurements Full size table. Table 4 Regression of volume measurements by PEA POD versus actual volumes calculated from the NIST-traceable cylinders' linear dimensions Full size table.
Figure 2. Table 5 MVE, expressed as a percentage of actual volume, across the range of volumes tested Full size table. Similar content being viewed by others. The measurements of fat and fat-free mass allow physicians to record important physical information about patients.
Excess body fat and low levels of free-fat mass are indicators of various different diseases and developmental problems. The major claim of the device is that air displacement plethysmography determines the volume of a patient by measuring the amount of air displaced when the patient sits in an enclosed chamber.
This invention specifically includes an apparatus and plethysmographic measurements chamber that use air that has circulated through the chamber and replaced with air from outside the chamber in order to record its measurements. Physicians primarily use air displacement plethysmography within the populations of infants and obese individuals.
For low birth weight infants, variations in body composition can dictate infant energy needs and can indicate the health progression and future physical development of the infant.
Excess body fat within obese individuals can be indicators of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyper tension, hyperlipidemia, kidney disease, and musculoskeletal disorders. Athletes can also use this technology to determine their body composition to ensure that they are at peak physical shape for their required sport.
In most technologies, volume perturbations of a fixed frequency of oscillation are induced with the chamber and the perturbations lead to pressure fluctuations. By subtracting the volume of air remaining in the chamber when the subject is in the container from the volume of air in an empty chamber, body volume can be calculated indirectly.
Once the volume of the subject is known, body composition can be found with the volume, the weight, and the surface area of the subject.
Body composition can be found by using the relationship between density and percent fat mass. The following two equations can be used to determine percent fat mass:. There are other methods out there used to determine body composition, but they contain flaws compared to air displacement plethysmography.
One method is skin folding, which uses calipers that compress the skin at certain points on the body. This technique is inaccurate in accounting for variations in fat patterning and requires perfect application of the calipers by a technician.
Biometric impedance analysis BIA is also used to determine body composition.
Measuremnet air displacement plethysmography chamber is used to assess dislpacement body composition of patients. Displscement measurements Caloric intake and micronutrients fat and fat-free mass allow physicians to record meausrement physical Blood sugar crash anxiety about patients. Excess measursment fat and low Air displacement measurement displacemen free-fat mass are indicators of various different diseases and developmental problems. The major claim of the device is that air displacement plethysmography determines the volume of a patient by measuring the amount of air displaced when the patient sits in an enclosed chamber. This invention specifically includes an apparatus and plethysmographic measurements chamber that use air that has circulated through the chamber and replaced with air from outside the chamber in order to record its measurements. Displacemeny Air-Displacement Plethysmograph y is a Caloric intake and micronutrients for assessing Mezsurement fat and lean mass, commonly using the BodPod machine. The method is similar Building strong bones and muscles hydrostatic weighing meadurement, but Air displacement measurement air instead of water. purpose: using air displacement technology for measuring and tracking body fat and lean mass. pre-test: Explain the test procedures to the subject. Perform screening of health risks and obtain informed consent. Prepare forms and record basic information such as age, height, body weight, gender, test conditions. Check and calibrate the equipment.Video
How to use an air displacement pipette
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