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Home Health Information Bitter Orange. Bitter Orange. Common Names: bitter orange, Seville orange, sour orange, zhi shi.
Latin Names: Citrus aurantium. Native to eastern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Syria, and Southeast Asia, bitter orange now is grown throughout the Mediterranean region and elsewhere, including California and Florida.
Bitter orange has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for indigestion, nausea, and constipation. Today, various bitter orange products are promoted for heartburn, nasal congestion, weight loss, appetite stimulation or suppression, and athletic performance.
Bitter orange is also applied to the skin for pain, bruises, fungal infections, and bedsores. Bitter orange is used in cooking and for adding flavor to beer and spirits. The fruit of bitter orange contains p -synephrine and other naturally occurring chemicals. p -Synephrine is structurally similar to ephedrine, the main component in the herb ephedra, but p -synephrine has different pharmacologic properties how the component acts.
The U. Food and Drug Administration banned the use of ephedra in dietary supplements because it raises blood pressure and is linked to heart attack and stroke. Bitter orange is commonly used as a substitute for ephedra in dietary supplements.
How Much Do We Know? A small number of studies have investigated the usefulness of bitter orange for health purposes in people. What Have We Learned? What Do We Know About Safety? Bitter orange is likely safe when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods.
There is one case report of a woman having a faster-than-normal heart rate at rest after taking a dietary supplement that contained only bitter orange. There are other case reports of healthy people experiencing fainting, angina, heart attack, and stroke after taking bitter orange as part of multicomponent products.
However, because these products contained multiple ingredients, it is difficult to know the role that bitter orange played. Evidence regarding the effects of bitter orange alone or combined with other substances, such as caffeine and green tea on the heart and cardiovascular system is inconclusive.
Keep in Mind. Take charge of your health—talk with your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. Together, you can make shared, well-informed decisions. For More Information. Using Dietary Supplements Wisely Know the Science: How Medications and Supplements Can Interact Know the Science: How To Make Sense of a Scientific Journal Article.
NCCIH Clearinghouse The NCCIH Clearinghouse provides information on NCCIH and complementary and integrative health approaches, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature.
Toll-free in the U. gov Email: info nccih. PubMed® A service of the National Library of Medicine, PubMed® contains publication information and in most cases brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals.
Office of Dietary Supplements ODSNational Institutes of Health NIH ODS seeks to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, supporting research, sharing research results, and educating the public.
gov Email: ods nih. Key References. Bitter orange. Natural Medicines website. Accessed at naturalmedicines. com on November 14, Bouchard NC, Howland MA, Greller HA, et al.
Ischemic stroke associated with use of an ephedra-free dietary supplement containing synephrine. Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
Firenzuoli F, Gori L, Galapai C. Adverse reaction to an adrenergic herbal extract Citrus aurantium. Gange CA, Madias C, Felix-Getzik EM, et al.
Variant angina associated with bitter orange in a dietary supplement. Mannucci C, Calapai F, Cardia L, et al. Clinical pharmacology of Citrus aurantium and Citrus sinensis for the treatment of anxiety. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Nykamp DL, Fackih MN, Compton AL.
Possible association of acute lateral-wall myocardial infarction and bitter orange supplement. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. Office of Dietary Supplements website. Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss. Orange peel, bitter. In: Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J, eds.
Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications; Rasmussen CB, Glisson JK, Minor DS. Dietary supplements and hypertension: potential benefits and precautions. Journal of Clinical Hypertension. Shara M, Stohs SJ, Smadi MM.
: Citrus aurantium supplements| Citrus Aurantium (Active ingredient: Synephrine) | Due to the overly sour and bitter taste of the bitter orange fruit; it is not commonly eaten instead the active ingredient Synephrine is extracted from the peel and is used in fat burners and thermogenics. Related Topics Herbs at a Glance HerbList App. By Kelli McGrane, MS, RD. In India, it is regulated as a food supplement by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India FSSAI. However, it can be dangerous if taken in large doses or if taken with other stimulants such as caffeine. Article Google Scholar. Print ISBN : |
| Buying options | However, the results are not yet known. Bear in mind that limonene cannot prevent or cure COVID Another protoalkaloid found in bitter orange is p-octopamine. However, little to no p-octopamine exists in bitter orange extracts. The leaves of the bitter orange plant are rich in vitamin C , which acts as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are substances that may protect your body from disease by preventing cell damage. They work by deactivating free radicals, which are unstable compounds that damage your cells, increasing inflammation and your disease risk 15 , Protoalkaloids are plant compounds found in bitter orange that have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. They have been shown to be safe for consumption. Many weight loss supplements use bitter orange extracts in combination with other ingredients. However, scientific studies have not thoroughly examined the composition of these supplements to determine which ingredient, if any, supports weight loss. Notably, p-synephrine has been shown to increase fat breakdown, raise energy expenditure, and mildly suppress appetite , all of which may contribute to reduced weight. Yet, these effects occur at high doses that are discouraged due to the lack of safety information 4 , 8 , Bitter orange and its extracts are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM to treat indigestion, diarrhea, dysentery, and constipation. In other regions, the fruit is used to treat anxiety and epilepsy 3. Another study noted that the bitter orange compound p-synephrine may improve athletic performance though by increasing total reps and volume load, or your ability to train harder A stimulant is a substance that increases your heart rate and blood pressure 1. Several sports organizations, such as the National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA , list synephrine as a stimulant. Furthermore, one study determined that bitter orange juice contains furanocoumarin, a compound that may cause the same medication interactions as grapefruit juice Therefore, people taking decongestants or those who have high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, or glaucoma should avoid the juice and fruit of bitter oranges. Despite numerous studies showing that bitter orange extracts are not stimulants, widespread controversy exists, and the NCAA has listed it as a banned substance. Bitter orange may also interact with certain medications. Generally, bitter orange extracts in dietary supplements are safe to consume in doses of 50—98 mg per day 1 , One study showed that 40 mg of synephrine combined with mg of caffeine is a safe dose of these combined ingredients 3. In another study, eating a whole bitter orange containing Still, people who are pregnant or breastfeeding should avoid bitter orange due to a lack of safety information 1. Bitter orange is likely safe in doses ranging from The juice of the bitter orange can be used as a marinade to flavor fish and meat. Bitter orange has several other household uses outside of the kitchen. These include 2 :. Bitter orange is a citrus fruit with several household and industrial uses, ranging from food additives to perfumery. You may want to avoid this fruit and its extracts if you have high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, or glaucoma. Likewise, bitter orange supplements are banned for NCAA athletes. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Some argue that orange peels contain important nutrients and should be eaten rather than thrown away. This article reviews whether orange peels are a…. Orange juice is the most popular fruit juice worldwide but opinions differ on whether it's healthy. This article looks at orange juice and whether…. Blood oranges are known for their great taste and vitamin C, but that's just the beginning. Here are 7 health benefits, along with a few tips on…. Here are 7 reasons to eat citrus fruits. Stretch marks usually fade on their own over time. But if you want to speed up the process, these essential oils may be the key to stretch mark-free…. Patients with diabetes who used GLP-1 drugs, including tirzepatide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide had a decreased chance of being diagnosed…. Some studies suggest vaping may help manage your weight, but others show mixed…. The amount of time it takes to recover from weight loss surgery depends on the type of surgery and surgical technique you receive. New research suggests that running may not aid much with weight loss, but it can help you keep from gaining weight as you age. Latin Names: Citrus aurantium. Native to eastern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Syria, and Southeast Asia, bitter orange now is grown throughout the Mediterranean region and elsewhere, including California and Florida. Bitter orange has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for indigestion, nausea, and constipation. Today, various bitter orange products are promoted for heartburn, nasal congestion, weight loss, appetite stimulation or suppression, and athletic performance. Bitter orange is also applied to the skin for pain, bruises, fungal infections, and bedsores. Bitter orange is used in cooking and for adding flavor to beer and spirits. The fruit of bitter orange contains p -synephrine and other naturally occurring chemicals. p -Synephrine is structurally similar to ephedrine, the main component in the herb ephedra, but p -synephrine has different pharmacologic properties how the component acts. The U. Food and Drug Administration banned the use of ephedra in dietary supplements because it raises blood pressure and is linked to heart attack and stroke. Bitter orange is commonly used as a substitute for ephedra in dietary supplements. How Much Do We Know? A small number of studies have investigated the usefulness of bitter orange for health purposes in people. What Have We Learned? What Do We Know About Safety? Bitter orange is likely safe when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. There is one case report of a woman having a faster-than-normal heart rate at rest after taking a dietary supplement that contained only bitter orange. There are other case reports of healthy people experiencing fainting, angina, heart attack, and stroke after taking bitter orange as part of multicomponent products. However, because these products contained multiple ingredients, it is difficult to know the role that bitter orange played. Evidence regarding the effects of bitter orange alone or combined with other substances, such as caffeine and green tea on the heart and cardiovascular system is inconclusive. Keep in Mind. Take charge of your health—talk with your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. Together, you can make shared, well-informed decisions. For More Information. Using Dietary Supplements Wisely Know the Science: How Medications and Supplements Can Interact Know the Science: How To Make Sense of a Scientific Journal Article. NCCIH Clearinghouse The NCCIH Clearinghouse provides information on NCCIH and complementary and integrative health approaches, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. Toll-free in the U. gov Email: info nccih. PubMed® A service of the National Library of Medicine, PubMed® contains publication information and in most cases brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. Office of Dietary Supplements ODS , National Institutes of Health NIH ODS seeks to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, supporting research, sharing research results, and educating the public. gov Email: ods nih. Key References. Bitter orange. Natural Medicines website. Accessed at naturalmedicines. com on November 14, Bouchard NC, Howland MA, Greller HA, et al. Ischemic stroke associated with use of an ephedra-free dietary supplement containing synephrine. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Firenzuoli F, Gori L, Galapai C. Adverse reaction to an adrenergic herbal extract Citrus aurantium. Gange CA, Madias C, Felix-Getzik EM, et al. Variant angina associated with bitter orange in a dietary supplement. Mannucci C, Calapai F, Cardia L, et al. Clinical pharmacology of Citrus aurantium and Citrus sinensis for the treatment of anxiety. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Nykamp DL, Fackih MN, Compton AL. Possible association of acute lateral-wall myocardial infarction and bitter orange supplement. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. Office of Dietary Supplements website. Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss. Orange peel, bitter. In: Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J, eds. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications; |
| Bitter orange weight-loss supplements: Do they work? - Augusta Health | Strokes and heart attacks have been reported in some people after taking bitter orange alone or in with other stimulants such as caffeine. In addition, bitter orange may interact with some prescription medications. Remember, just because an herbal supplement might be natural doesn't mean it's safe. Talk with your doctor before taking herbal supplements. All rights reserved. Terms of Use. In Canada, it is regulated as a natural health product by Health Canada. In Australia, it is regulated as a therapeutic good by the Therapeutic Goods Administration TGA. In India, it is regulated as a food supplement by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India FSSAI. Tags: Herbal. Get the most up-to-date information about Bitter orange with SGS Digicomply. Stay informed about current regulations, incident monitoring, risk prevention, scientific insights, mentions in the media, and relevant updates. Smart GPT-like search, customizable dashboard, and comprehensive guides tailored to your specific area, product, and target market. Dietary Supplements Database Bitter orange February 28 Where is Bitter orange used? How is Bitter orange used in the food industry? Health benefits of Bitter orange? What are the dangers of Bitter orange? Example products containing Bitter orange : Energy drinks, weight loss supplements, sports nutrition products, multivitamins, protein powders. How is Bitter orange regulated across the world? Upcoming Free Webinar Regulatory Change Management in Arch Pharmacol ; 4 — Article CAS Google Scholar. Huang YT, Wang GF, Chen CF, Chen CC, Hong CY, Yang MCM. Fructus aurantii reduced portal pressure in portal hypertensive rats. Life Sci ;— Calapai G, Firenzuoli F, Saitta A, et al. Antiobesity and cardiovascular effects of Citrus aurantium extraces in the rat: a preliminary report. Fitoterapia ;— Huang YT, Lin HC, Chang YY, Yang YY, Lee SD, Hong CY. Hemodynamic effects of synephrine treatment in portal hypertensive rats. Jpn J Pharmacol ;— HofstetterR, Kreuder J, von Bernuth G. The effect of oxedrine on the left ventricle and peripheral vascular resistance. Arzneimittelforschung ; — Penzak SR, Jann MW, Cold A, Hon YY, Desai HD, Gurley BJ. Seville sour orange juice: synephrine content and cardiovascular effects in normotensive adults. J Clin Pharmacol ;— Colker CM, Kaiman DS, Torina GC, Perlis T, Street C. Effects of Citrus aurantium extract, caffeine, and St. Curr Ther Res ;— Kaddu S, Kerl H, Wolf P. Accidental bullous phototoxic reactions to bergamot aromatherapy oil. J Am Acad Dermatol ;45 3 — Zaynoun ST, Aftimos BA, Tenekjian KK, Kurban AK. Berloque dermatitis — a continuing cosmetic problem. Contact Dermatitis ;7 2 : — Chew A, Maibach H. Berloque Dermatitison. eMedicine Makki S, Treffel P, Humbert P, Agache P. High-performance liquid Chromatographic determination of citropten and bergapten in suction blister fluid after solar product application in humans. J Chromatogr ;— Clark SM, Wilkinson SM. Phototoxic contact dermatitis from 5-methoxypsoralen in aromatherapy oil. Contact Dermatitis ;— Levine N, Don S, Owens C, Rogers DT, Kligman AM, Forlot P. The effects of bergapten and sunlight on cutaneous pigmentation. Arch Dermatol ;— Ashwood-Smith MJ, Poulton GA, Barker M, Mildenberger M. Nature ;— Nykamp DL, Fackih MN, Compton AL. Possible association of acute lateral-wall myocardial infarction and bitter orange supplement. Ann Pharmacother ;— Firenzuoli F, Gori L, Galapai C. Adverse reaction to an adrenergic herbal extract Citrus aurantium. Phytomedicine ;12 3 — Jordan S, Murty M, Pilon K. Products containing bitter orange or synephrine: suspected cardiovascular adverse reactions. Can Adverse React Newsl ; 14 4 :3—4. Date accessed: November 28, Malhotra S, Bailey DG, Paine MF, Watkins PB. Seville orange juice-felodipine interaction: comparison with dilute grapefruit juice and involvement of furocoumarins. Clin Pharmacol Ther ;— Di Marco MP, Edwards DJ, Wainer IW, Ducharme MP. The effect of grapefruit juice and Seville orange juice on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan: the role of gut CYP3A4 and p-glycoprotein. Life Sci ;l — Malhotra S, Fitzsimmons ME, Bailey DG, Watkins PB. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists abstract , New Orleans, LA, November Hou YC, Hsiu SL, Tsao CW, Wang YH, Chao PD. Acute intoxication of cyclosporine caused by coadministration of decoctions of the fruits of Citrus aurantium and the Pericaps of Citrus grandis. Planta Med ;66 7 — Edwards DJ, Fitzsimmons ME, Schuetz EG, et al. Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. Clin Pharmacol Ther ;76 5 — Keogh AM, Baron DW. Sympathomimetic abuse and coronary artery spasm. Br Med J ; Suzuki O, Matsumoto T, Oya M, Katsumata Y. Oxidation of synephrine by type A and type B monoamine oxidase. Experientia ;— Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. SafetyCall International, PLLC, Clinical Services, Bloomington, MN. Reprints and permissions. Westanmo, A. Citrus aurantium. In: Tracy, T. eds Herbal Products. Forensic Science and Medicine. Humana Press. Publisher Name : Humana Press. Print ISBN : |
| National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health | Buying options Chapter EUR A review of natural stimulant and non-stimulant thermogenic agents. In: Juorio AV, Downer RGH, eds. Thermowhey Sample Pack. In another study, eating a whole bitter orange containing |
Citrus aurantium supplements -
The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCIH. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health. Información en Español. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.
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Home Health Information Bitter Orange. Bitter Orange. Common Names: bitter orange, Seville orange, sour orange, zhi shi. Latin Names: Citrus aurantium. Native to eastern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Syria, and Southeast Asia, bitter orange now is grown throughout the Mediterranean region and elsewhere, including California and Florida.
Bitter orange has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for indigestion, nausea, and constipation. Today, various bitter orange products are promoted for heartburn, nasal congestion, weight loss, appetite stimulation or suppression, and athletic performance.
Bitter orange is also applied to the skin for pain, bruises, fungal infections, and bedsores. Bitter orange is used in cooking and for adding flavor to beer and spirits. The fruit of bitter orange contains p -synephrine and other naturally occurring chemicals. p -Synephrine is structurally similar to ephedrine, the main component in the herb ephedra, but p -synephrine has different pharmacologic properties how the component acts.
The U. CAS Google Scholar. Bent S, Padula A, Neuhaus J. S afety and efficacy of Citrus aurantium for weight loss.
Am J Cardiol ;— Article PubMed Google Scholar. Search terms: citrus and aurantium. Pellati F, Benvenuti S, Melegari M, Firenzuoli F. Determination of adrenergic agonists from extracts and herbal products of Citrus aurantium L.
var by LC. J Pharm Biomed Anal ;— Pellati F, Benvenuti S, Melegari M. High-performance liquid chromatography methods for the analysis of adrenergic amines and flavanones in Citrus aurantium L. Phytochem Anal ; — Andrea GD, Terrazzino S, Fortin D, Farruggio A, Rinaldi L, Leon A.
HPLC electrochemical detection of trace amines in human plasma and platelets and expression of mRNA transcripts of trace amine receptors in circulating leukocytes. Neurosci Lett ;— Boulton AA. Trace amines: comparative and clinical neurobiology.
In: Juorio AV, Downer RGH, eds. Experimental and Clinical Neuroscience. Totowa, NJ Humana, Enantioselective LC analysis of synephrine in natural products on a protein-based chiral stationary phase.
J Pharm Biomed Anal ;37 5 — Hoffman BB. Catecholamines, sympathomimetic drugs, and adrenergic receptor antagonists. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, eds. New York McGraw Hill: , pp. Williams CM, Couch MW, Thonoor CM, Midgley JM. Isomeric octopamines: their occurrence and functions. J Pharm Pharmacol ;— PubMed CAS Google Scholar.
Hwa J, Perez DM. The unique nature of the serine interactions for al-adrenergic receptor agonist binding and activation. J Biol Chem ; ll — Brown CM, McGrath JC, Midgley JM, et al.
Activities of octopamine and synephrine stereoisomers on alpha-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol ;— Airriess CN, Rudling JE, Midgley JM, Evans PD. Selective inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by octopamine via ahuman cloned alpha 2A-adrenoreceptor.
Br J Pharmacol ;12 2 — Jordan R, Midgley JM, Thonoor CM, Williams CM. Beta-adrenergic activities of octopamine and synephrine stereoisomers on guinea-pig atria and trachea.
J Pharm Pharmacol ;39 9 — Liapakis G, Baiesteros JA, Papachristou S, Chan WC, Chen X, Javitch JA. The forgotten serine: a critical role for Ser in ligand binding to and activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor.
J Biol Chem ; 48 , —, Carpene C, Galitzky J, Fontana E, Atgie C, Lafontan MB. Selective activation of β 3 -adrenoceptors by octopamine: comparative studies in mammalian fat cells. Arch Pharmacol ; 4 — Article CAS Google Scholar. Huang YT, Wang GF, Chen CF, Chen CC, Hong CY, Yang MCM.
Fructus aurantii reduced portal pressure in portal hypertensive rats. Life Sci ;— Calapai G, Firenzuoli F, Saitta A, et al. Antiobesity and cardiovascular effects of Citrus aurantium extraces in the rat: a preliminary report. Fitoterapia ;— Huang YT, Lin HC, Chang YY, Yang YY, Lee SD, Hong CY.
Hemodynamic effects of synephrine treatment in portal hypertensive rats. Jpn J Pharmacol ;— HofstetterR, Kreuder J, von Bernuth G. The effect of oxedrine on the left ventricle and peripheral vascular resistance. Arzneimittelforschung ; — Penzak SR, Jann MW, Cold A, Hon YY, Desai HD, Gurley BJ.
Seville sour orange juice: synephrine content and cardiovascular effects in normotensive adults. J Clin Pharmacol ;— Colker CM, Kaiman DS, Torina GC, Perlis T, Street C. Effects of Citrus aurantium extract, caffeine, and St. Curr Ther Res ;— Kaddu S, Kerl H, Wolf P. Accidental bullous phototoxic reactions to bergamot aromatherapy oil.
J Am Acad Dermatol ;45 3 — Zaynoun ST, Aftimos BA, Tenekjian KK, Kurban AK. Berloque dermatitis — a continuing cosmetic problem. Contact Dermatitis ;7 2 : — Chew A, Maibach H.
Berloque Dermatitison. eMedicine Makki S, Treffel P, Humbert P, Agache P. High-performance liquid Chromatographic determination of citropten and bergapten in suction blister fluid after solar product application in humans.
J Chromatogr ;— Clark SM, Wilkinson SM. Phototoxic contact dermatitis from 5-methoxypsoralen in aromatherapy oil. Contact Dermatitis ;— Levine N, Don S, Owens C, Rogers DT, Kligman AM, Forlot P.
Remember, just because an herbal supplement might be natural doesn't mean it's safe. Talk with your doctor before taking herbal supplements. All rights reserved. Terms of Use. Weather: Closings and Delays Weather: Closings and Delays. Home Mayo Clinic Health Information Library FAQs Bitter orange weight-loss supplements: Do they work?
Bitter orange Citrus aurantium supplements aurantium is a small tree that aurantiu, fruit sometimes used in small amounts supplemens food as a supplemenrs and often supplemdnts in pre-workout and Citrus aurantium supplements supplements Synephrine and aurantiun are compounds found Citrus aurantium supplements bitter Alternate-day fasting and blood sugar regulation. Although both synephrine and octopamine occur Refreshing herbal alternative in Citrus aurantium supplements Supplemente aurantium plant, they also can be made in a laboratory. Safety concerns have been raised with regard to synephrine and octopamine, but the data to support these concerns are not strong. Adverse events—such as fainting, chest, pain, increased heart rate, and stroke—associated with dietary supplements containing synephrine have been reported, including at least two case reports involving Service Members. Synephrine and octopamine might register on an initial military urine screening test for amphetamines. If this happens, then the specimen goes to confirmation analysis. Synephrine and octopamine will not cause a positive result on the confirmation drug tests.
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