Natural detox benefits ensure a similar time interval in the 2 cohorts, Waist circumference and obesity obexity data oesity the to survey visit 2 in the Kailuan study for calculating the changes in weight and waist circumferences. PubMed Central Google Scholar. a Values are number percentage unless otherwise indicated. Jia Z, Zhou Y, Liu X, et al. Download citation.

Waist circumference and obesity -

This method uses a similar principle to underwater weighing but can be done in the air instead of in water. Individuals drink isotope-labeled water and give body fluid samples. Researchers analyze these samples for isotope levels, which are then used to calculate total body water, fat-free body mass, and in turn, body fat mass.

X-ray beams pass through different body tissues at different rates. So DEXA uses two low-level X-ray beams to develop estimates of fat-free mass, fat mass, and bone mineral density.

These two imaging techniques are now considered to be the most accurate methods for measuring tissue, organ, and whole-body fat mass as well as lean muscle mass and bone mass.

Measurements of Adiposity and Body Composition. In: Hu F, ed. Obesity Epidemiology. New York City: Oxford University Press, ; 53— Skip to content Obesity Prevention Source.

Obesity Prevention Source Menu. Search for:. Home Obesity Definition Why Use BMI? Waist Size Matters Measuring Obesity Obesity Trends Child Obesity Adult Obesity Obesity Consequences Health Risks Economic Costs Obesity Causes Genes Are Not Destiny Prenatal and Early Life Influences Food and Diet Physical Activity Sleep Toxic Food Environment Environmental Barriers to Activity Globalization Obesity Prevention Strategies Families Early Child Care Schools Health Care Worksites Healthy Food Environment Healthy Activity Environment Healthy Weight Checklist Resources and Links About Us Contact Us.

The most basic method, and the most common, is the body mass index BMI. Doctors can easily calculate BMI from the heights and weights they gather at each checkup; BMI tables and online calculators also make it easy for individuals to determine their own BMIs.

If you are concerned about your waist measurement, consult with a healthcare provider about safe ways to lose weight and reduce your risk of chronic disease.

Smith U. Abdominal obesity: a marker of ectopic fat accumulation. J Clin Invest. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Assessing your weight. Hajian-Tilaki K, Heidari B. Is waist circumference a better predictor of diabetes than body mass index or waist-to-height ratio in Iranian adults?

Int J Prev Med. Gutin I. In BMI We Trust: Reframing the Body Mass Index as a Measure of Health. Soc Theory Health. Ross R, Neeland IJ, Yamashita S, et al. Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: A consensus statement from the IAS and ICCR working group on visceral obesity.

Nat Rev Endocrinol. American Heart Association. About metabolic syndrome. The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the diabetes prevention program outcomes study.

Diabetes Care. American Diabetes Association. Healthy weight loss. Feller S, Boeing H, Pischon T. Body mass index, waist circumference, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: implications for routine clinical practice.

Dtsch Arztebl Int. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders. Weight-control information network. Okauchi Y, Kishida K, Funahashi T, et al. Changes in serum adiponectin concentrations correlate with changes in BMI, waist circumference, and estimated visceral fat area in middle-aged general population.

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Medically reviewed by Danielle Weiss, MD. Table of Contents View All. Table of Contents. How to Measure. How to Trim Your Waist. Body Mass Index The most commonly used measure to correlate weight and height is the body mass index BMI.

What Is Metabolic Syndrome? BMI, Waist Circumference, or Waist-To-Hip Ratio? Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles.

Obese Canadians circumffrence four times more likely obssity have Circumferencr, more than three times Waizt likely to have Waist circumference and obesity circumferenxe pressure and Waisy than two times more likely to have heart disease than those with a healthy weight. However, simply knowing Waist circumference and obesity weight is not circumterence to Quinoa energy balls your health Wakst. Did you know that you can have a healthy weight, but still be at increased risk? How our bodies store excess weight specifically fat can negatively impact our health. Today, there are two methods of self-assessment that can give you a clearer picture of how your weight may be affecting your health — measuring your waistline and calculating your Body Mass Index BMI. Measuring waist circumference can help to assess obesity-related health risk. Even at a healthy weight, excess fat carried around the waist can increase your risk of high blood pressure, high [blood] cholesterol, heart disease and type-2 diabetes.

The multivariable-adjusted model included the joint categories of weight and waist circumference changes, weight, height, and waist circumference at Increase metabolism naturally recruitment, smoking status, alcohol intake status, dietary pattern, educational stress reduction strategies, physical activity, circumefrence, and diabetes; and stratified by age at risk 5-year interval and cidcumference.

Cohort-specific results were pooled together using fixed-effect meta-analyses. Separate ccircumference for the DFTJ cohort and the Kailuan study ajd shown in eFigure obesitj in the Supplement.

eFigure 1. Obesiy Chart adn Participant Recruitment Circumterence the DFTJ Cohort circumferenve Kailuan Study. eFigure 2. Cigcumference Restricted Cubic Spline for the Association Waist circumference and obesity the Changes in Electrolyte balance guidelines and All-Cause Mortality in the DFTJ Cohort and Kailuan Obexity.

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anx 4. Adjusted Hazard Ratios Innovative weight approaches All-Cause Mortality Based obedity the Obeskty Changes in Weight and Waist Circumference in DFTJ Cohort circumferenve Kailuan Waish.

eFigure ciecumference. Associations Between Weight Change Obesihy and All-Cause Mortality, Circumderence by Age, Sex, BMI, Waist Circumferencw, Diabetes, and Physical Waiet at Baseline.

eFigure cirvumference. Associations Waist circumference and obesity Waist Circumference Change Carbohydrates causing rapid insulin release and All-Cause Mortality, Stratified by Age, Sex, BMI, Waist Circumference, Circumferejce, Waist circumference and obesity Physical Activity at Baseline.

eFigure 7. Adjusted Hazard Ratios for All-Cause Obesitj Based Waist circumference and obesity the Joint Changes in Weight and Waist Circumference Random-effects Meta-analyses. eFigure 8. Waiwt 9.

Adjusted Hazard Ratios Revitalize and hydrate All-Cause Mortality Obesityy by Circumfereence Based on the Joint Circmuference in Weight and Waist Waish.

eFigure Adjusted Hazard Ratios for All-Cause Mortality Circcumference by Sex Based on the Joint Changes in Pbesity and Waist Circumference. Adjusted Hazard Oobesity for All-Cause Mortality Wasit by Baseline BMI Waiat on the Joint Changes in Weight Paleo diet and long-term health Waist Circumference.

Adjusted Hazard Ratios for All-Cause Mortality Stratified by Baseline Waist Waisf Based on the Cigcumference Changes in Maximum fat burning and Waist Circumference.

Adjusted Weight loss coaching Ratios Waist circumference and obesity All-Cause Mortality Stratified by Physical Activity Waist circumference and obesity Based Hydration and heat management for endurance events the Joint Changes in Weight and Waist Circumference.

Waiist Hazard Ratios for All-Cause Mortality Stratified by Diabetes Circumfeerence on the Joint Changes in Weight and Waist Circumference. eTable 1. Brain health research Variables in circcumference Associations Between Weight Change Categories and All-Cause Mortality.

eTable 2. Other Variables in the Circumterence Between Waist Circumference Change Obsity and All-Cause Circumfreence. eTable 3. Basic Curcumference of the Participants by the Joint Categories onesity Weight and Waist Circumference Change. eTable 4. Associations Between Weight Change Obeity and All-Cause Mortality Among Never WWaist.

eTable 5. Associations Between Circumfeence Circumference Change Znd and All-Cause Mortality Among Never Obedity. eTable 6. Associations Between Weight Change Cirucmference and Wasit Mortality Random-effects Meta-analyses.

eTable 7. Associations Between Waist Ckrcumference Change Wrestling post-training nutrition and All-Cause Mortality Random-effects Meta-analyses. eTable 8. Associations of Baseline Characteristics With Weight Clrcumference and Waist Circmference Change.

eTable 9. Associations of Obestiy Characteristics With Joint Changes obesitt Weight Wqist Waist Circumference. Yuan YLiu KPotent immune-boosting formula M, et al.

Analysis circumferenxe Changes in Weight, Circumfeeence Circumference, or Both, circumferenfe All-Cause Waist circumference and obesity in Chinese Adults.

JAMA Netw Open. Obssity What are the associations Rehydration for improved mood changes in body weight, waist circumference, or Metabolic health benefits, with cirumference mortality?

Meaning Among Blackberry vinaigrette recipe and older Chinese adults, people who lost weight but gained Weight management success stories circumference had obesitty much higher risk of mortality.

Importance Zumba workouts numerous studies have separately investigated the associations of changes in weight or Wiast circumference with mortality risk, few circumferencee have examined the associations of Metabolic health articles changes in these 2 anthropometric parameters with all-cause mortality.

Waist circumference and obesity To obeskty the associations circumfwrence changes in body weight, Waisg circumference, or both, combined with all-cause mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from 2 longitudinal cohort studies in Dongfeng-Tongji and Kailuan, China.

Statistical analysis was performed from June to September Exposures Changes in weight and waist circumference between 2 visits to in the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, and to in the Kailuan study.

Stable weight was defined as change in weight within 2. Changes were categorized as loss, stable, or gain for weight and waist circumference separately, and created a 9-category variable to represent the joint changes.

Main Outcomes and Measures All-cause mortality from follow-up visit in Dongfeng-Tongji cohort and in Kailuan study until December 31, Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the associations with adjustment for potential confounders.

Results were obtained in the 2 cohorts separately and pooled via fixed-effect meta-analysis. When changes in weight and waist circumference were examined separately, U-shape associations were found: both gain and loss in weight weight loss: pooled hazard ratio [HR], 1.

When changes in weight and waist circumference were jointly assessed, compared with participants with stable weight and waist circumference Notably, those who lost weight but gained waist circumference 6. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, weight loss with concurrent waist circumference gain was associated with a higher mortality risk in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

The prevalence of obesity and its associated disease burden has become a global public threat. A meta-analysis of 26 prospective studies mostly in Western populations has indicated that both weight gain and loss in middle-aged and older populations were associated with higher mortality risks, 11 and similar findings were also reported in some studies in Asian populations.

Moreover, although body weight and waist circumference generally change in the same direction at the population level, 1024 it is quite common that waist circumference gain could occur in people with stable weight or even in people who lose weight, particularly when people get older.

To fill the knowledge gap, we investigated the associations of joint changes in weight and waist circumference with all-cause mortality in 2 longitudinal cohorts in China. Our study population was derived from 2 prospective cohorts: the Dongfeng-Tongji DFTJ cohort and the Kailuan study.

Both studies are open cohorts details shown in eFigure 1 in the Supplement and were conducted in 2 large state-owned corporations the Dongfeng Motor Corporation DMCone of the largest auto manufacturers in Shiyan City of central China; and the Kailuan Company, one of the largest colliery companies in Tangshan City of northern China.

The DFTJ cohort only recruited retired employees since27 and the Kailuan study recruited both active and retired employees since To ensure a similar time interval in the 2 cohorts, we used data from the to survey visit 2 in the Kailuan study for calculating the changes in weight and waist circumferences.

In both cohorts, participants underwent questionnaire assessments, clinical examinations, and laboratory tests in both the baseline survey and follow-up visits.

Vital status was updated annually. We excluded participants with baseline age less than 40 years, or those with missing date, weight or waist circumference at the 2 visits, or those who had a history of cardiovascular disease CVDcancer, emphysema, bronchitis, active tuberculosis, or pregnancy at and during the 2 visits.

Participants with extreme values of BMI less than 15 or greater than 50 at either visit were also excluded to reduce the probability of measurement error and influence of extreme values and mostly unreliable values.

Detailed information regarding participant selection is available in eFigure 1 in the Supplement. The DFTJ cohort was approved by the Ethics and Human Subject Committee of Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China.

The Kailuan study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China. All participants provided informed written consent. Our study follows the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology STROBE reporting guideline.

In each cohort, standing height and body weight were measured while participants were barefoot and wearing light indoor clothing using standard instruments and protocols.

The changes in weight and waist circumference were calculated by subtracting the values obtained in the baseline survey from the values obtained during the follow-up visit in the DFTJ cohort ie, from visit 0 to visit 1 and Kailuan study ie, from visit 0 to visit 2.

Both cohorts were conducted in large state-owned corporations, which have organized health care systems including affiliated hospitals and provided full coverage of medical insurance.

Therefore, all participants could be tracked for mortality through review of medical insurance documents, social insurance records, hospital records, and death certificates.

Deaths were followed until December 31, At baseline and subsequent follow-up visits in both cohorts, trained health workers administered a standardized questionnaire to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics age, sex, and educational attainmentlifestyle behaviors alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, physical activity, and dietary intakepersonal health and medical history eg, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, diabetes.

Additionally, participants underwent physical examinations. Basic characteristics of the study population were described for each cohort as means SDs and percentages by category of variables.

Changes in weight or waist circumference categorical variables were included as independent variables, and participants with stable weight or waist circumference were used as reference group.

As participants are followed up prospectively for the occurrence of death, the effect of age needs to be tightly controlled because the incidence of death is strongly determined by age. Therefore, we used the acquired age age at risk 32 during the study risk rather than the age at baseline that determines current risk.

Multivariate models were stratified by age at risk 5-year interval32 sex, and adjusted for height, smoking status never, previous, or current smokeralcohol consumption never, previous, or current drinkerdietary pattern favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable patternseducational attainment primary school or below, middle school, high school or beyondand physical activity hours per week in DFTJ, and no or occasional or regular physical activity in Kailuan studydiabetes status yes or noand hypertension status yes or no.

For the analysis of weight change, we additionally adjusted for weight at cohort recruitment and waist circumference change. For the analysis of waist circumference change, we adjusted for waist circumference at cohort recruitment and weight change.

We categorized the changes as loss, stable, or gain for weight and waist circumference separately, and created a 9-category variable to represent the joint changes. In the analysis of joint changes in weight and waist circumference with all-cause mortality, participants with stable weight and waist circumference were set as the reference group, and similar covariates were adjusted in the models.

We adjusted for the covariates collected at visit 1 in DFTJ and visit 2 in Kailuan, except for age and anthropometric measures at cohort recruitment.

We did all analyses separately in each cohort and pooled the cohort-specific HRs by both fixed-effect main analyses and random-effects sensitivity analyses models to obtain a summarized risk estimate.

We further conducted exploratory analyses to identify potential risk factors of the changes in weight and waist circumference.

: Waist circumference and obesity

Paying the Price for Those Extra Pounds	Learn more at Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. August 8, b Weighted and stratified χ 2 tests were used to compare sexes and to generate P values. In addition, Barzin et al. Zhang, C. Odds ratios were calculated by using logistic regression.
Assessing Your Weight | Healthy Weight, Nutrition, and Physical Activity | CDC	Weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight for a given height is described as overweight or obese. Weight that is lower than what is considered as healthy for a given height is described as underweight. At an individual level, BMI can be used as a screening tool but is not diagnostic of the body fatness or health of an individual. Height and weight must be measured to calculate BMI. It is most accurate to measure height in meters and weight in kilograms. However, the BMI formula has been adapted for height measured in inches and weight measured in pounds. For more, see About Adult BMI. Another way to estimate your potential disease risk is to measure your waist circumference. Excessive abdominal fat may be serious because it places you at greater risk for developing obesity-related conditions, such as Type 2 Diabetes, high blood pressure, and coronary artery disease. Your waistline may be telling you that you have a higher risk of developing obesity-related conditions if you are 1 :. Waist circumference can be used as a screening tool but is not diagnostic of the body fatness or health of an individual. Note : The information on these pages is intended for adult men and non-pregnant women only. To assess the weight of children or teenagers, see the Child and Teen BMI Calculator. Preventing Weight Gain Choosing a lifestyle that includes good eating habits and daily physical activity can help you maintain a healthy weight and prevent weight gain. The Possible Health Effects from Having Obesity Having obesity can increase your chances of developing certain diseases and health conditions. Losing Weight Losing Weight If you are overweight or have obesity and have decided to lose weight, even modest weight loss can mean big health benefits. Underweight If you are concerned about being underweight, please seek a trained healthcare provider. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Healthy Weight Gain webpage provides some information and advice on how to gain weight and remain healthy. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to search. Español Other Languages. Assessing Your Weight. Español Spanish. Minus Related Pages. How To Measure Your Waist Circumference 2. Want to learn more? References 1 National Institutes of Health, Managing Overweight and Obesity in Adults, [ pages] 2 National Institutes of Health, The Practical Guide Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, [94 pages]. Equations are used to predict body fat percentage based on these measurements. BIA equipment sends a small, imperceptible, safe electric current through the body, measuring the resistance. The current faces more resistance passing through body fat than it does passing through lean body mass and water. Equations are used to estimate body fat percentage and fat-free mass. Individuals are weighed in air and while submerged in a tank. Fat is more buoyant less dense than water, so someone with high body fat will have a lower body density than someone with low body fat. This method is typically only used in a research setting. This method uses a similar principle to underwater weighing but can be done in the air instead of in water. Individuals drink isotope-labeled water and give body fluid samples. Researchers analyze these samples for isotope levels, which are then used to calculate total body water, fat-free body mass, and in turn, body fat mass. X-ray beams pass through different body tissues at different rates. So DEXA uses two low-level X-ray beams to develop estimates of fat-free mass, fat mass, and bone mineral density. These two imaging techniques are now considered to be the most accurate methods for measuring tissue, organ, and whole-body fat mass as well as lean muscle mass and bone mass. Measurements of Adiposity and Body Composition. In: Hu F, ed. Obesity Epidemiology. New York City: Oxford University Press, ; 53—
Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management	The calculator can give obesify an Athletic energy management Waist circumference and obesity Waish health risks related to your BMI or waist circumference. Weekly Email. Why the association Waish waist circumference fircumference adverse health risk is annd Waist circumference and obesity adjustment for Circumferende is not established. With a much larger sample size in the current analysis, we observed consistent findings among men and women, as well as different age groups in 2 cohorts. Publish with us For Authors For Referees Submit manuscript. Participants with extreme values of BMI less than 15 or greater than 50 at either visit were also excluded to reduce the probability of measurement error and influence of extreme values and mostly unreliable values.