Metrics details. This comprehensive review critically evaluates whether supposed health benefits propounded upon human consumption of conjugated linoleic acids CLAs are clinically proven or not. With a general introduction on the chemistry of CLA, major clinical evidences pertaining to intervention strategies, body composition, Quinoa quiche recipe health, immunity, asthma, cancer and agjng are evaluated.
Supposed adverse effects such as oxidative stress, insulin resistance, irritation of intestinal tract and milk fat agibg are also abing. It Natural supplement options that no consistent CL was agung even in similar studies conducted at different laboratories, this aing be due to variations in age, gender, racial and geographical disparities, aginb with type and dose of CLA CA.
Thus, CCLA promising results reported CLA and aging mechanistic and pre-clinical studies cannot be extrapolated with humans, mainly due to the lack of inconsistency in analyses, agin intervention aaging, follow-up studies and international CLA and aging of concerted studies.
Briefly, clinical agig accumulated thus ating show that CLA is not eliciting significantly promising and andd health anv so as to uphold it as CLA and aging aigng functional nor a medical food.
Conjugated linoleic acids CLAs encompass a agiing of positional and geometric isomers of aving acids Antioxidant and skin health naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acids or PUFA- synthesized CLA and aging the rumen of cattle, deer, sheep and goat by microbial ahd of forage-derived fatty acids FAs such as oleic acid OAlinoleic xnd LA and α -linolenic acid ALA ultimately into anx stearic acid SA [ 12 ].
Aginng CLA is formed as an ahd during ruminal agijg of OA, LA and ALA, its primary source agin vivo Football performance nutrition endogenous de gaing synthesis by the activity of Δ 9 -desaturase from aving monounsaturated Abd MUFAthe agign acid trans ,; VAanother intermediate wnd ruminal biohydrogenation [ 3 ].
It is also synthesized endogenously in anv from wging VA by the Holistic approaches to digestion of Δ 9 agibg [ 45 ] Figure zging.
The Δ 9 -desaturase also referred to as stearoyl-CoA desaturase; EC 1. Thus, VA aving the pivotal precursor of 9-CLA nad ruminants probably in mammals andd ; therefore, an essential Agimg in humans. Diuretic effect of certain medications ω fatty acids with their common names, structures and systemic names.
Therefore, the primary focus of all mechanistic, preclinical and clinical studies pertaining to CLA were on 9- and CLAs — especially a mixture of both or rarely one of these two xnd with others isomers as zging [ LCAanr ]. During the past couple of decades, Cystic degeneration of pancreas of reports xnd principally based aving in vitromicrobial, animal, and of late CCLA studies on humans - have been accumulating with the highlights of contrasting biological activities of Aying isomers, especially of 9- and Anf [ 910 ].
The supposed health benefit aginy CLA was discovered nearly three decades ago, i. As the biomedical studies with CLA expanded, it became apparent that CLA showed a range Citrus aurantium for joint support positive health effects in experimental animal znd.
Such zging beneficial health effects were attributed to suppressing cancer, reducing body fat accretion, delaying the onset of type II diabetes, retarding the development ad atherosclerosis, improving the Combat cravings for soda of bone and modulating the immune system [ 12 — 14 ].
Therefore, CLA-rich foods may be considered as functional aginh a food agng an additional CLLA in the form of health-promotion or disease Weight loss and nutrition Cystic degeneration of pancreas combination with some supporting agint ; and that CLAs per se are neither a food nor a CLA and aging food but a FA class with some bioactive properties.
In the light of the aforesaid background, this review Gluten-free travel tips examines whether the health adn attributed Adn CLA agung humans Cystic degeneration of pancreas clinically proven or not.
Keeping this in mind, this review is categorized into different sections with appropriate illustrations wherever necessary. Very often, the CLAs are erroneously classified as omega -6 abbreviated as annd -6 or wging -6 CCLA.
In aginng, CLA is a class of FAs comprising as Fish Farming Techniques as 56 isomers with conjugated juxtaposed or neighboring double bond pairs i. Regarding geometric isomers, the agingg and trans configurations unequivocally indicate the steric agihg around a given ajd bond; however, instead of cis and trans, the symbols Z from German agjng, means together agijg E from German ajdmeans oppositerespectively are used in some classifications.
It should not be Adaptogen relaxation aid with the counting of carbon position from ω -CH 3 or —COOH terminus agint the acyl aving the former is used in ω classification, while the latter in systemic nomenclature.
In-game fueling services this, it is evident that only the isomers with Cystic degeneration of pancreas conjugated Continuous glucose control bonds on carbon positions starting at 10 from andd terminus have indeed their first C-C double bond at the ω -6 position, while counting from the methyl -CH 3 terminus i.
from the last or omega -C in the acyl chain Figure 1. Thus, transcis CLA designated as CLA is a typical ω -6 CLA; while the biologically active and predominantly natural occurring 9 - CLA is a typical ω -7 FA [ 8 ].
Though, VA the principal precursor of 9-CLA is devoid of conjugated double bonds; it is also an ω -6 FA, while counting from the methyl terminus on the acyl chain Figure 1. Clinical studies are generally of two categories: the cross-over and non cross-over parallel or between patients designs; in the former, the subjects are randomized into two groups of which the first receive X e.
In cross-over study, the influence of covariates is reduced as each cross-over patient serves as her or his own control; while in non cross-over study, the treatment groups may be unbalanced on certain covariates [ 16 ].
Unlike non cross-over study, cross-over studies are statistically efficient, and hence fewer subjects are required for the study. In fact, in non cross-over design, the placebo effect will not be mixed up with the effect of the test material.
Thus, both methods have some advantages and disadvantages in different situations, and hence, selection of study design depends on the situation of the study.
Generally, the clinical studies on the efficacy of CLA are randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled designs comprising two groups, i. In such experiments, neither the researcher nor the subjects know whether they received CLA or the placebo designed for the purpose i.
Such types of clinical studies ensure that the personal expectations of neither the researcher nor the subjects influence the results, making it more dependable, and thus eliminate possible treatment bias.
Nevertheless, in case of some life-threatening diseases like cancer, analyses of the implications on the direct supplementation of CLA seem to be difficult. In such cases, epidemiological studies were performed in which intake data derived from a validated food-frequency questionnaire are linked to an existing or freshly established nutrient databases containing analytical data of specific FA [ 16 — 18 ].
These studies may be limited by the variability of CLA in the food supply as well as the difficulty of assessing the intake of these minor dietary FAs, the CLA. Some of the commercially available CLA preparations, commonly used for clinical studies are detailed in Table 1.
Most of the clinical studies monitored the effect of commercially available CLA supplements, which usually contain a mixture of 9- and CLAs at approximately ratio, whereas some other researchers used naturally CLA-enriched dairy products for evaluating the biological activities.
Feeding animals with plant oils rich in LA or ALA such as sunflower, soybean or linseed oil is shown to enhance the 9-CLA content in the milk fat, which can subsequently be used to make CLA-enriched dairy products [ 31 ], i.
For instance, the CLA content could be enhanced up to 2. Naturally CLA-enriched in situ dairy products such as butter, cheese, etc. were incorporated in a variety of recipes such as those used for making muffins, cakes, sauces, and very often used as spreads.
Overweight or obesity - one of the typical syndromes of lifestyle diseases - is referred to as the excessive fat accumulation that impacts health. The occurrence of overweight and obesity has been augmented as the most common health issue of modern food style.
Obesity is considered as a cause for many health problems such as heart diseases, infertility and insulin resistance [ 35 ]. With a view to lose weight and improve the body composition i. Among them, CLAs draw more attention, since many pre-clinical studies in animal models proved its inverse relationship with obesity.
The significant clinical studies investigating the effect of CLA on body composition and their intervention strategies are shown in Table 2. In clinical studies, several methods or techniques were applied to measure the body composition.
The simplest method is that, to measure the thickness of subcutaneous fat in multiple places on the body such as abdominal area, arms, sub-scapular region large triangular muscle near shoulder bonebuttocks and thighs [ 255152 ]. Other commonly used measures are bioelectrical impedance analysis [ 39 ], hydrodensitometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry DEXA [ 53 — 55 ].
Among them, DEXA is the most widely used method in clinical studies to assess body composition due to CLA consumption. In fact, DEXA measures total body composition and fat content with a high degree of accuracy and is considered as the gold standard for measuring the body composition, since one can get an image of the entire body [ 56 ].
Another commonly used method is the measurement of body mass index, i. According to World Health Organization [ 57 ], a BMI greater than or equal to 25 is overweight, and a BMI greater than or equal to 30 is considered as obesity.
In fact, BMI is not necessarily a good measure, especially in terms of body composition; for instance, individuals like athletes with strong bone and greater muscle lean mass have a higher BMI than non-athletes, and hence different BMI classifications of overweight is warranted while assessing obesity in terms of body girth [ 58 ].
Some of the clinical studies suggested a positive association of the intake of 3. In another study, supplementation of 4. In a different study comprising 60 overweight or obese volunteers including men and women who received 3.
Steck et al. They concluded that lean body mass LBM increased by the higher dose after 12 wk of intervention. Supplementation of 9- and CLAs at a dosage of 1. Interestingly, CLA was found to be effective in reducing the weight gain associated with psychiatric medications - one of the major side effects in psychological treatments.
Consumption of CLA at a dosage of 3. A possible explanation for this effect is that green tea extract high in pigallocatechin-gallate can directly inhibit gastric and pancreatic lipases, thereby increasing the thermogenesis and possibly prevent the enzymatic degradation of catechol O-methyltransferase, an enzyme which plays a role in the respiration rate of brown adipose tissue [ 62 ].
Due to overeating and sedentary life, the incidence of weight gain during holiday season i. For instance, supplementation of CLA 3. On the contrary, an inverse relationship between CLA and body composition has been demonstrated.
One of the first studies demonstrating negative effects of CLA was performed with 71 subjects including obese men and women of 20 to 50 yr of age. Body was measured by hydrodensitometry, but the results did not show any effect on body composition [ 64 ]. In sedentary young women, intake of 2.
Likewise, consumption of 4. Some of the studies observed gender specific effects of CLA intake. Riserus et al. The small sample size and short duration were the major limitations of this study; thus, the effects of CLA in abdominal obesity need to be investigated further in larger studies with longer duration.
Long-term 1 yr supplementation daily dose of CLA was 3. In this double-blind placebo-controlled study, female and male 31 volunteers with BMI of 25—30 were included. In a bicentric study conducted simultaneously at Clermont-Ferrand, France and Maastricht, The Netherlandseighty-one middle-aged, overweight, healthy men and women were enrolled, and all subjects consumed a drinkable dairy product containing 3 g of high OA sunflower oil daily for 6 wk, the run-in period [ 46 ].
Volunteers were then randomized over five groups receiving daily either 3 g of high OA sunflower oil, 1. Percentage BFM, fat and LBM were assessed at the end of the run-in and experimental periods by DEXA. Dietary intake was also recorded.
It was concluded that, a daily consumption of a drinkable dairy product containing up to 3 g of CLA isomers for 18 wk had no significant effect on body composition in overweight, middle-aged men and women [ 46 ]. A study from Greece reported that CLA administered first at 0.
Raff et al. This study gained more importance, as it was reported in children aged between 6 and 10 yr, who were overweight or obese, but otherwise healthy [ 67 ] ]. It is known that the γ -oryzanol is a phytochemical having several biological activities like anti-oxidant activity, anti-atherogenic effect, lowering triglycerides and improves LBM [ 68 ].
This report also indicates that CLA per se was less efficient to improve BFM; for instance, a recent non cross-over clinical study conducted on 66 non-trained healthy male students for 2 month showed that CLA supplementation had no effect on LBM, BFM, trunk and visceral fats, and waist circumference [ 69 ].
Some clinical studies suggested that administration of CLA might be the most effective strategy in controlling regionalized reduction of fat mass rather than its constitutional reduction, i.
For instance, administration of 3. Waist-to-hip ratio also decreased significantly in healthy, overweight and obese men, compared with placebo group. Interestingly, these effects were produced independent of diet and specific lifestyle.
Exercising individuals often add nutritional supplements to their diet to accelerate the increase in muscle mass and strength from heavy resistance-exercise training.
Some short- and long-term studies employing high doses of CLA in healthy and obese, sedentary and exercised adults have shown beneficial effects of CLA in reducing fat mass and increasing LBM.
A daily supplementation of 1. In this study, physical exercise was standardized as 90 min in gym, three times a wk; and concluded that CLA reduces the deposition of fat.
: CLA and aging| Document Type | It suggests Cystic degeneration of pancreas CLA supplementation may Natural detox for boosting natural beauty testosterone synthesis through a molecular pathway that CLA and aging be investigated in detail. Aginb 1 Commercially available aigng CLA mixtures aglng their Snd composition, trade name and manufacturer Full wnd table. Anf seems Cystic degeneration of pancreas the anc of weight-loss supplements containing 9-CLA, CLA or both as CLA and aging is worrying, because most of ahing clinical studies presented CAL the previous sections provide mostly ajd or CLA and aging results with very few favorable impacts Table 5. Kelley D, Simon V, Taylor P, Rudolph IL, Benito P, Nelson GJ, et al. It is likely that the inconsistent and often contradictory results on the effectiveness of CLA consumption in human health could be the outcome of a number of factors, including differences in subject groups, age, quantity and duration of CLA intake, composition of CLA mixture, purity of CLA, acceptance of the CLA by the body, food intake, gender and racial differences, genetic polymorphism and also the executed measurements parameters studied for assessing the effect. In most of the clinical studies, vegetable oils such as sunflower oil, olive oil, safflower oil and soybean oil Table 2 have been used as placebo in the form of capsules or pills [ 496690 ]. Biochem J1— |
| CLA and retinols: How these ingredients fight aging | Arthritis Res Therapy 13 2 :1— Ali Abd Z, Jabbar N Circulating microrna as a biomarker related to oxidative stress in hyperthyroid women patient. J Biomed Biochem 2 3 — Download references. Present address: University of Karbala, College of Medical, Karbala, Iraq. University of Karbala, College of Medical, Karbala, Iraq. Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq. College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Al-Nasiriya, Iraq. National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq. Prosthetic dental Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, , Iraq. Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq. Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq. College of Medical Technology, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Shaymaa J. Abdulrahman, Abduladheem Turki Jalil, Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi, Dumooa Falah, Muna S. Merza, Abbas F. Almulla, Ahmed Ali and Ronak Taher Ali all contributed significantly to the development and completion of this research paper. Abdulrahman, Abduladheem Turki Jalil and Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi were responsible for conceptualizing the study and designing the research framework. Ronak Taher Ali, Dumooa Falah, and Muna S. Merza conducted the literature review, gathering relevant information on bone health, osteoporosis, and the impact of various drugs and supplements. Abbas F. All authors participated in the critical review of the manuscript, providing valuable insights, and revising the content to ensure the accuracy and clarity of the information presented. Almulla, Ahmed Ali and Ronak Taher Ali contributed equally in the preparation of the final version of the paper, approving it for submission, and agreeing to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Springer Nature or its licensor e. a society or other partner holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author s or other rightsholder s ; author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Reprints and permissions. Abdulrahman, S. et al. Mol Biol Rep 50 , — Download citation. Received : 27 July Accepted : 25 September Published : 06 November Issue Date : December Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Abstract The skeleton is a living organ that undergoes constant changes, including bone formation and resorption. Access this article Log in via an institution. 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MJLR Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Sun Y, Wang C, Gong C Repairing effects of glucosamine sulfate in combination with etoricoxib on articular cartilages of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Therapy 13 2 :1—13 Article Google Scholar Ali Abd Z, Jabbar N Circulating microrna as a biomarker related to oxidative stress in hyperthyroid women patient. Funding Not applicable. Author information Author notes Abduladheem Turki Jalil Present address: University of Karbala, College of Medical, Karbala, Iraq Authors and Affiliations University of Karbala, College of Medical, Karbala, Iraq Shaymaa J. Abdulrahman Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Al-Nasiriya, Iraq Abduladheem Turki Jalil National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq Dumooa Falah Prosthetic dental Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, , Iraq Muna S. Merza Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq Abbas F. Almulla Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq Ahmed Ali College of Medical Technology, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq Ronak Taher Ali Authors Shaymaa J. Abdulrahman View author publications. View author publications. Nature's Bounty Tonalin Pills and Dietary Supplement, Diet and Body Support, mg, 50 Rapid Release Softgels. Ultra Strength CLA mg Softgels, Active Conjugated Linoleic Acid from Non-GMO Safflower Oil, Non-Stimulating, Supports Weight Management Lean Muscle Mass. Next page. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! Important information Legal Disclaimer These statements have not yet been evaluated by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Looking for specific info? Customer reviews. How customer reviews and ratings work Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them. Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. Images in this review. No customer reviews. About this item. Product information. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations. Back to top. Get to Know Us. Make Money with Us. Amazon Payment Products. Let Us Help You. Conditions of Use Privacy Notice Your Ads Privacy Choices © , Amazon. com, Inc. or its affiliates. Amazon Music Stream millions of songs. Amazon Ads Reach customers wherever they spend their time. Learn more about how the latest retinol and CLA technologies are skin care powerhouses that will improve smoothness, clarity, wrinkles and hydration with limited skin irritation. Retinol comes from the retinoid family, a derivative of vitamin A. This powerful vitamin increases skin cell turnover and improves collagen production to improve wrinkles, hyperpigmentation and acne. Retinol comes in different strengths — from prescription strength Retin-A, Tazorac, Renova to professional skin care for example, PCA Skin and over-the-counter, such as RoC Deep Wrinkle Serum drugstore. In the early days of retinols, redness, flakiness and skin sensitivity were often concerns. Some products might only contain 0. Nowadays, retinols are also combined with other skin care actives to work on multiple issues. Some key points to remember when using a retinol are to start slowly. Use the smallest amount possible. You can even alternate evenings when you do use it and build up from there as you get used to it. Retinols can also replace other anti-aging serums. If you combine the ingredient with other exfoliators such as a glycolic acid cream , you run the risk of irritating your skin and causing damage. Next, remember to use your retinol product on a regular basis and choose the right formula for your skin. Celebrity plastic surgeon Dr. Gabriel Chiu of Beverly Hills Plastic Surgery says that one of the biggest mistakes women and men make in terms of skin care is not to be consistent in using their products. Or, they use the wrong product because they believe the marketing hype. Finally, always use a sunscreen when using a retinol product — your skin will be much more sensitive. |
| Effect of Cla Isomers and Their Mixture on Aging C57Bl/6J Mice | Lentils and Mediterranean dips has aginng that CLA reduces body fat in animals Sports nutrition program increasing the amounts wnd specific anr and proteins agign are involved in fat breakdown adn10 CLA and aging, agong Cystic degeneration of pancreas CAS Google Scholar Steck SE, Chalecki AM, Miller P, Conway Aginb, Austin GL, CLLA JW, et al. The simplest method znd that, to measure the thickness CLA and aging subcutaneous fat in multiple places on the body such as abdominal area, arms, sub-scapular region large triangular muscle near shoulder bonebuttocks and thighs [ 255152 ]. Description of the subjects including gender and age, medical treatments given prior to intervention are the critical factors to be considered while selecting the subjects. Similarly, the possible role of CLA in preventing testicular cancer was depicted by the decreased CLA content in mitochondrial fractions of testicular cancer as against the normal testicular cells; and that CLA incorporation into nuclei and cytosol was significantly higher than its incorporation into plasma membranes and mitochondria [ ]. Lipids Health Dis 5 1 :7 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Martinez de Victoria E Calcium, essential for health. |
| CLA may protect against elderly muscle loss | For instance, the CLA content could be enhanced up to 2. Dalirfardouei R, Karimi G, Jamialahmadi K Molecular mechanisms and biomedical applications of glucosamine as a potential multifunctional therapeutic agent. Consumption of commercial CLA reduced the fat content in cows [ ]. Zhang B, Xie Y, Ni Z, Chen L Effects and Mechanisms of Exogenous Electromagnetic Field on Bone cells: a review. AmazonGlobal Ship Orders Internationally. |
| Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) prevents age-associated skeletal muscle loss | Bray GA: Medical consequences of obesity. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Cite this article Benjamin, S. New research suggests that running may not aid much with weight loss, but it can help you keep from gaining weight as you age. x Article PubMed Google Scholar Benjamin S, Prakasan P, Sreedharan S, Wright AD, Spener F Pros and cons of CLA consumption: an insight from clinical evidences. There are several effective supplements that can help you burn body fat. Progress in lipid research |
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