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Sodium and Water - Electrolytes - Osmosis - Osmotic Pressure - Fluids and Electrolytes Series

Sodium intake and electrolyte balance -

You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly. Blood sodium levels that are too high or too low can be a sign of many different types of conditions.

To make a diagnosis, your provider will usually look at the results of your sodium blood test with the results of other tests, such as measurements of other electrolytes. Sodium blood test results that are higher than normal may be a sign of a condition, such as:.

Sodium blood test results that are lower than normal may be a sign of a condition, such as:. If your results are not in the normal range, it doesn't always mean that you have a medical condition that need treatment. Certain medicines can increase or decrease your sodium levels.

If you have questions about your results, talk with your provider. Learn more about laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results.

Sodium levels are often measured with other electrolytes in another test called the anion gap. An anion gap test looks at the difference between negatively charged and positively charged electrolytes.

The test checks for acid imbalances and other conditions. The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. Sodium Blood Test. What is a Sodium Blood Test?

Other names: Na test. What is it used for? Why do I need a sodium blood test? Symptoms of high sodium levels hypernatremia include: Thirst Urinating peeing very little Vomiting Diarrhea Confusion Muscle twitching Seizures Without treatment, extremely high levels of sodium may lead to a coma and become life threatening.

Symptoms of low sodium levels hyponatremia include: Weakness Fatigue Confusion Muscle twitching Seizures Without treatment, extremely low levels of sodium may lead to a coma and become life threatening. What happens during a sodium blood test?

Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test? Are there any risks to the test? What do the results mean? Sodium blood test results that are higher than normal may be a sign of a condition, such as: Dehydration, which may be caused by not drinking enough, diarrhea, or certain medicines called diuretics water pills A disorder of the adrenal glands A kidney disease Diabetes insipidus uncommon.

Sodium blood test results that are lower than normal may be a sign of a condition, such as: A loss of sodium from diarrhea or vomiting A condition that may cause the body to hold onto extra fluid which dilutes sodium , including: Kidney diseases Cirrhosis of the liver Heart failure Certain brain and lung diseases Certain types of cancer Certain medicines, including many over-the-counter pain relievers and some antidepressants Addison disease Malnutrition If your results are not in the normal range, it doesn't always mean that you have a medical condition that need treatment.

Is there anything else I should know about a sodium blood test? read more. Hyponatremia occurs when the body contains too little sodium Overview of Sodium's Role in the Body Sodium is one of the body's electrolytes, which are minerals that the body needs in relatively large amounts.

read more for the amount of fluid it contains. The body may have too much, too little, or a normal amount of fluid.

In all cases, however, sodium is diluted. For example, people with severe vomiting or diarrhea lose sodium. If they replace their fluid losses with just water, sodium is diluted. Disorders, such as kidney disorders for example, glomerulonephritis Glomerulonephritis Glomerulonephritis is a disorder of glomeruli clusters of microscopic blood vessels in the kidneys with small pores through which blood is filtered.

It is characterized by body tissue swelling read more and other disorders for example, cirrhosis Cirrhosis of the Liver Cirrhosis is the widespread distortion of the liver's internal structure that occurs when a large amount of normal liver tissue is permanently replaced with nonfunctioning scar tissue.

The scar read more , can cause the body to retain sodium and fluid. Often the body retains more fluid than sodium, which means the sodium is diluted. Certain conditions may cause people to drink too much water polydipsia , which can contribute to the development of hyponatremia.

Thiazide diuretics sometimes called water pills are a common cause of hyponatremia. These medications increase sodium excretion, which increases water excretion. Thiazide diuretics are usually well-tolerated but can cause hyponatremia in people prone to low sodium, particularly older adults.

Vasopressin also called antidiuretic hormone is a substance naturally produced in the body that helps regulate the amount of water in the body by controlling how much water is excreted by the kidneys.

Vasopressin decreases water excretion by the kidneys, which retains more water in the body and dilutes the sodium. The pituitary gland produces and releases vasopressin when the blood volume amount of fluid in the blood vessels or blood pressure goes down or when levels of electrolytes such as sodium become too high.

Pain, stress, exercise, a low blood sugar level, and certain disorders of the heart, thyroid gland, kidneys, or adrenal glands can stimulate the release of vasopressin from the pituitary gland. The following are some of the medications that stimulate the release of vasopressin or enhance its action at the kidney:.

Aspirin , ibuprofen , and many other nonprescription pain relievers. Carbamazepine an antiseizure medication. Oxytocin used to induce labor. Vasopressin synthetic antidiuretic hormone. Vincristine a chemotherapy drug. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA; also called ecstasy , a drug that causes excitement and disinhibition a loosening of control over behaviors , causes people to drink excess water or other beverages and increases vasopressin secretion, causing hyponatremia.

A frequent cause of hyponatremia is the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone SIADH The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone develops when too much antidiuretic hormone vasopressin is released by the pituitary gland under certain inappropriate conditions read more SIADH , in which vasopressin is inappropriately secreted in a variety of other situations such as certain cancers, infections, and brain disorders.

Addison disease Adrenal Insufficiency In adrenal insufficiency, the adrenal glands do not produce enough adrenal hormones. Adrenal insufficiency may be caused by a disorder of the adrenal glands, a disorder of the pituitary gland read more underactive adrenal glands.

Brain disorders such as head injury Overview of Head Injuries Head injuries that involve the brain are particularly concerning. Common causes of head injuries include falls, motor vehicle crashes, assaults, and mishaps during sports and recreational activities read more , bleeding, stroke Overview of Stroke A stroke occurs when an artery to the brain becomes blocked or ruptures, resulting in death of an area of brain tissue due to loss of its blood supply cerebral infarction.

Symptoms occur suddenly read more , infections, or tumors. Page last reviewed: August 23, Content source: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion , Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. home Sodium Intake and Health. Get Email Updates. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: Email Address.

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Hyponatremia occurs when the concentration Sodiium Sodium intake and electrolyte balance in your blood is Reflexology for holistic healing low. Sodium is an Recovery for individuals with eating disorders, and it helps regulate the amount of water that's electrolyyte and around your cells. Intaake hyponatremia, one or more factors — ranging from an underlying medical condition to drinking too much water — cause the sodium in your body to become diluted. When this happens, your body's water levels rise, and your cells begin to swell. This swelling can cause many health problems, from mild to life-threatening. Hyponatremia treatment is aimed at resolving the underlying condition. Official websites use. gov A. gov oSdium belongs to an official government organization in the United States. gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.