Effects of thymoquinone on antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and DT-diaphorase in different tissues of mice: a possible mechanism of action. Cell Biochem. Funct 20 , — Shen, S. Uchida, K. Activation of stress signaling pathways by the end product of lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal is a potential inducer of intracellular peroxide production.

Download references. Great thanks and appreciation to the Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, for providing chemicals and equipment needed to conduct experiments.

The present work was partially funded Cairo University, faculty of Science Giza Egypt. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Hanan R. Mohamed, Fadi S. Tulbah, Akmal A. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.

and E. designed this study; E. and T. conducted all experiments; M. wrote the manuscript and E. with M. reviewed the final manuscript. Correspondence to Hanan R. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature scientific reports articles article. Download PDF. Subjects Health care Molecular biology Natural hazards. Abstract Despite the high antioxidant and penetration ability of pomegranate seed oil PSO , the in vivo antitumor activity of PSO nano-emulsion has not been well investigated.

Introduction Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Ethical consideration The current study was performed according to ARRIVE guidelines and all experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with international guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals.

Chemicals The Pomegranate seed oil PSO , dimethylsulfoxide DMSO , diphenylpicrylhydrazyl DPPH , absolute ethanol, formaldehyde, tris- hydroxymethyl -amino methane Tris-base , ethylenediaminetetracetic acid disodium salt Na2EDTA , triton X, and ethidium bromide EtBr were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich USA.

Preparation of PSO nano-emulsion PSO nano-emulsions were prepared by auto-emulsification according to the method described by Ferreira et al. Acute toxicity test Acute toxicity assay was performed to detect the appropriate test dose of PSO nano-emulsion using OECD guidelines.

Experimental design and tumor inoculation Thirty females were randomly divided into the healthy negative control group group 1 and five tumor-bearing groups groups 2—6 , five mice per group.

Estimation of DNA damage using comet assay The DNA damage extent in the kidney, liver and tumor tissues was measured for all six groups using the alkaline comet assay Table 1 Primers sequences used in quantitative real time PCR assay. Full size table. Results Characterization of PSO nano-emulsion Screening the hydrodynamic droplets' distribution of the PSO nano-emulsion revealed that PSO nano-droplets are well distributed and separated with an average droplets' size of 8.

Figure 1. Size distribution and zeta potential distribution of PSO nano-emulsion. Full size image. Figure 2. Transmission electron microscopy TEM image of PSO nano-emulsion. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Table 2 Correlation coefficients between the tumor volume and treatment r Tr and experimental time r Ti.

Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure Discussion The promising antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of PSO in different cancer cell lines along with the unique physicochemical properties and kinetic stability of nano-emulsion compared to its bulk materials have directed us to investigate the possibility of using PSO nano-emulsion as an alternative anticancer drug for the used traditional chemotherapeutic drugs used with low or no toxic side effects in the current study.

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Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Download references. Acknowledgements Great thanks and appreciation to the Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, for providing chemicals and equipment needed to conduct experiments. Author information Authors and Affiliations Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Hanan R.

Eissa Authors Hanan R. Mohamed View author publications. View author publications. Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

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Cite this article Mohamed, H. Copy to clipboard. This article is cited by Synthesis, characterization, and development of alpha-pinene nanoemulsion as an apoptotic inducer with cytotoxicity activity on human melanoma and breast cancer Ali Ghanbariasad Mahmoud Osanloo Hiva Alipanah Chemical Papers Comments By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines.

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