Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties -
Strawberries decrease atherosclerotic markers in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health.
Belwal, T. Food Chem. Block, M. Chronic microglial activation and progressive dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Bognar, E. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in RAW PloS One 8, e Braga, A. Bioavailability of anthocyanins: Gaps in knowledge, challenges and future research.
Food Composition Anal. Buga, A. Molecular and cellular stratagem of brain metastases associated with melanoma. Calina, D. The Treatment of Cognitive, Behavioural and Motor Impairments from Brain Injury and Neurodegenerative Diseases through Cannabinoid System Modulation—Evidence from In Vivo Studies.
Canon, B. Biochemistry To Behaviour. Nature , 3—4. Carvalho, F. Anthocyanins suppress the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, and restore ion pump activities in demyelination.
Casedas, G. Regulation of redox status in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells by blueberry Vaccinium myrtillus L. juice, cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon A.
juice and cyanidin. Cassidy, A. Habitual intake of flavonoid subclasses and incident hypertension in adults. High anthocyanin intake is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction in young and middle-aged women. Circulation , — Higher dietary anthocyanin and flavonol intakes are associated with anti-inflammatory effects in a population of US adults.
Habitual intake of anthocyanins and flavanones and risk of cardiovascular disease in men. Castañeda-Ovando, A.
Chemical studies of anthocyanins: A review. Castro-Acosta, M. Apple and blackcurrant polyphenol-rich drinks decrease postprandial glucose, insulin and incretin response to a high-carbohydrate meal in healthy men and women.
Chen, H. Oxidative stress in ischemic brain damage: mechanisms of cell death and potential molecular targets for neuroprotection. Redox Signal 14, — Chen, X. Chen, J. Delphinidin induced protective autophagy via mTOR pathway suppression and AMPK pathway activation in HER-2 positive breast cancer cells.
BMC Cancer 18, Chen, L. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer by black raspberry anthocyanins involved the modulation of gut microbiota and SFRP2 demethylation. Carcinogenesis 39, — Chiang, A. Antioxidant effects of black rice extract through the induction of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities.
Lipids 41, — Chiva-Blanch, G. Dealcoholized red wine decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increases plasma nitric oxide: short communication. Choi, M. Anti-aging effects of cyanidin under a stress-induced premature senescence cellular system.
Choi, Y. Gut Liver 11, — Chun, O. Serum C-reactive protein concentrations are inversely associated with dietary flavonoid intake in U.
Cui, H. Molecules Czank, C. Human metabolism and elimination of the anthocyanin, cyanidinglucoside: a 13 C-tracer study. Demeilliers, C.
Ethanol drinking, brain mitochondrial DNA, polyunsaturated fatty acids and effects of dietary anthocyanins. Di Filippo, M. Mitochondria and the link between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Alzheimers Dis. Di Giacomo, C.
Based Complement Alternat. Docea, A. Dong, X. Molecular mechanisms of excitotoxicity and their relevance to pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Acta Pharmacol. Dreesen, O. Signaling pathways in cancer and embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Rev. Eliasson, M. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase activation and peroxynitrite formation in ischemic stroke linked to neural damage.
Engin, A. The Definition and Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Erlund, I. Favorable effects of berry consumption on platelet function, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol.
Fragoso, M. Lyophilized açaí pulp Euterpe oleracea Mart attenuates colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis while its main anthocyanin has the potential to affect the motility of colon cancer cells. Gao, X.
Habitual intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology 78, — García-Conesa, M. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Foods and Derived Products Containing Ellagitannins and Anthocyanins on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: Analysis of Factors Influencing Variability of the Individual Responses.
Ge, J. Nanocomplexes composed of chitosan derivatives and β-Lactoglobulin as a carrier for anthocyanins: Preparation, stability and bioavailability in vitro.
Food Res. Giampieri, F. Overexpression of the Anthocyanidin Synthase Gene in Strawberry Enhances Antioxidant Capacity and Cytotoxic Effects on Human Hepatic Cancer Cells. Gomes, T. Differential contribution of grape peel, pulp, and seed to bioaccessibility of micronutrients and major polyphenolic compounds of red and white grapes through simulated human digestion.
Foods 52, — Graf, D. Anthocyanin-Rich Juice Lowers Serum Cholesterol, Leptin, and Resistin and Improves Plasma Fatty Acid Composition in Fischer Rats. Guo, H. The update of anthocyanins on obesity and type 2 diabetes: Experimental evidence and clinical perspectives.
Endocrine Metab. Effect of anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice Oryza sativa L. indica on hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats.
Plant Foods Hum. CyanidinO-β-glucoside, a typical anthocyanin, exhibits antilipolytic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during hyperglycemia: Involvement of FoxO1-mediated transcription of adipose triglyceride lipase.
Gupta, S. Topics in heterocyclic chemistry India: Springer. Google Scholar. Ha, U. Anthocyanin Induces Apoptosis of DU Cells In Vitro and Inhibits Xenograft Growth of Prostate Cancer. Yonsei Med. Hardie, D. AMPK: Regulating Energy Balance at the Cellular and Whole Body Levels. Physiology 29, 99— Hassimotto, N.
Inhibition of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in mice by oral administration of anthocyanin mixture from wild mulberry and cyanidinglucoside. Helton, T. Pruning and loss of excitatory synapses by the parkin ubiquitin ligase.
Hennessy, B. Drug Discovery 4, — Hou, D. Anthocyanidins inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 expression in LPS-evoked macrophages: structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms involved. Hou, Y. Brain Res. Huang, W. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Blueberry Anthocyanins on High Glucose-Induced Human Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells.
Cell Longev. Hwang, Y. Purple sweet potato anthocyanins attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation through activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in human HepG2 cells and obese mice. Jackman, R.
Anthocyanins as food colorants—a review. Food Biochem. Jamar, G. Contribution of anthocyanin-rich foods in obesity control through gut microbiota interactions. BioFactors 43, — Jana, S.
Anthocyanin rich extract of Brassica oleracea L. alleviates experimentally induced myocardial infarction. PloS One 12, 1— Jang, H. Anthocyanin extracted from black soybean reduces prostate weight and promotes apoptosis in the prostatic hyperplasia-induced rat model. Jayaprakasam, B.
Jellinger, K. Recent advances in our understanding of neurodegeneration. Neural Transm. Vienna , — Jennings, A. Higher anthocyanin intake is associated with lower arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in women.
Intakes of anthocyanins and flavones are associated with biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation in women. Jiang, Y. Effects of the ethanol extract of black mulberry Morus nigra L.
fruit on experimental atherosclerosis in rats. Jomova, K. Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Toxicology , 65— Joo, H. Joseph, J. Reversals of age-related declines in neuronal signal transduction, cognitive, and motor behavioral deficits with blueberry, spinach, or strawberry dietary supplementation.
Blueberry supplementation enhances signaling and prevents behavioral deficits in an Alzheimer disease model. Kanamoto, Y. A black soybean seed coat extract prevents obesity and glucose intolerance by up-regulating uncoupling proteins and down-regulating inflammatory cytokines in high-fat diet-fed mice.
Kausar, H. Berry anthocyanidins synergistically suppress growth and invasive potential of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett.
Kay, C. The bioactivity of dietary anthocyanins is likely to be mediated by their degradation products. Aspects of anthocyanin absorption, metabolism and pharmacokinetics in humans. Khan, M. Anthocyanins protect against LPS-induced oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the adult mouse cortex.
Khan, H. Flavonoids nanoparticles in cancer: Treatment, prevention and clinical prospects. Cancer Biol. SX 19 , — Khoo, H. Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits.
Food Nutr. Kim, H. Kim, S. Adzuki bean ameliorates hepatic lipogenesis and proinflammatory mediator expression in mice fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet to induce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Kim, M. Nanomedicine 13, — Acai Euterpe oleracea Mart. beverage consumption improves biomarkers for inflammation but not glucose- or lipid-metabolism in individuals with metabolic syndrome in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Food Funct.
Kristo, A. Protective Role of Dietary Berries in Cancer. Antioxidants 5, 37— Kubow, S. Effects of Simulated Human Gastrointestinal Digestion of Two Purple-Fleshed Potato Cultivars on Anthocyanin Composition and Cytotoxicity in Colonic Cancer and Non-Tumorigenic Cells. Nutrients 9.
Kuntz, S. Inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell migration by plasma anthocyanins isolated from healthy volunteers receiving an anthocyanin-rich berry juice.
Lee, B. Suppressive effects of pelargonidin on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses. Li, X. Anthocyanins inhibit trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Li, Y. Aging Neurosci.
Li, C. Protective effect of sakuranetin in brain cells of dementia model rats. Cell Mol. Noisy-le-grand 65, 54— Lin, B.
Effects of anthocyanins on the prevention and treatment of cancer. Lippert, E. Anthocyanins Prevent Colorectal Cancer Development in a Mouse Model. Digestion 95, — Liu, W. Anthocyanins potentiate the activity of trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
Liu, Y. Blueberry anthocyanins-enriched extracts attenuate cyclophosphamide-induced cardiac injury. PloS One 10, 1— Long, H. Mulberry anthocyanins improves thyroid cancer progression mainly by inducing apoptosis and autophagy cell death. Kaohsiung J. López, M. Hypothalamic AMPK and energy balance.
Lu, X. Ameliorative effect of black rice anthocyanin on senescent mice induced by D-galactose. Luís, Â. Association between berries intake and cardiovascular diseases risk factors: A systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Maestro, A. Expression of bilitranslocase in the vascular endothelium and its function as a flavonoid transporter. Magni, G. Purple Corn Extract as Anti-allodynic Treatment for Trigeminal Pain: Role of Microglia. Cell Neurosci.
Oxidative stress in brain aging, neurodegenerative and vascular diseases: an overview. B Analyt. Life Sci. Markakis, P. Anthocyanins as food colors New York: Academic Press , — Mattson, M.
Mauray, A. Atheroprotective Effects of Bilberry Extracts in Apo E-Deficient Mice. Mazewski, C. Comparison of the effect of chemical composition of anthocyanin-rich plant extracts on colon cancer cell proliferation and their potential mechanism of action using in vitro, in silico, and biochemical assays.
Mazza, G. Anthocyanins in Fruits, Vegetables, and Grains: 0 Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo: CRC press. Mccullough, M. Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality in a prospective cohort of US adults. Medda, R. Anti inflammatory and anti angiogenic effect of black raspberry extract on human esophageal and intestinal microvascular endothelial cells.
Medzhitov, R. Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature , — Milbury, P. Anthocyanins are bioavailable in humans following an acute dose of cranberry juice. Min, J. Neuroprotective effect of cyanidinO-glucoside anthocyanin in mice with focal cerebral ischemia. Mink, P.
Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women. Mishra, A. Programmed Cell Death, from a Cancer Perspective: An Overview. Diagnosis Ther.
Mititelu, R. Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers—Mirror Tools in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomedicines 8, Moore, K. Macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cell , — Mpiana, P. In vitro effects of anthocyanin extracts from Justicia secunda Vahl on the solubility of haemoglobin S and membrane stability of sickle erythrocytes.
Blood Transfus 8, — Mulabagal, V. Anthocyanin content, lipid peroxidation and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitory activities of sweet and sour cherries.
Naseri, R. Anthocyanins in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Review. Nussbaum, L. Modern treatment approaches in psychoses.
Pharmacogenetic, neuroimagistic and clinical implications. Farmacia 65, 75— Overall, J. Metabolic Effects of Berries with Structurally Diverse Anthocyanins. Pacheco, S. Padureanu, R. Oxidative stress and inflammation interdependence in multiple sclerosis.
Parameshwaran, K. Amyloid beta peptides and glutamatergic synaptic dysregulation. Park, S. Cyanidin and malvidin in aqueous extracts of black carrots fermented with Aspergillus oryzae prevent the impairment of energy, lipid and glucose metabolism in estrogen-deficient rats by AMPK activation.
Genes Nutr. Park, C. Aronia melanocarpa Extract Ameliorates Hepatic Lipid Metabolism through PPARγ2 Downregulation. PloS One Parveen, K. Evaluation of vegetables and fish oils for the attenuation of diabetes complications. Noisy-le-grand 65, 38— Pascual-Teresa, D.
Flavanols and anthocyanins in cardiovascular health: a review of current evidence. Passamonti, S. The stomach as a site for anthocyanins absorption from food.
FEBS Lett. Bioavailability of flavonoids: a review of their membrane transport and the function of bilitranslocase in animal and plant organisms. Drug Metab. Peiffer, D. Chemoprevention of esophageal cancer with black raspberries, their component anthocyanins, and a major anthocyanin metabolite, protocatechuic acid.
Phila 7, — Petroni, K. Dietary cyanidin 3-glucoside from purple corn ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice.
Pham-Huy, L. Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. PubMed Abstract Google Scholar. Pinzaru, I. Stable PEG-coated silver nanoparticles—A comprehensive toxicological profile. Pojer, E. The case for anthocyanin consumption to promote human health: A review.
Food Sci. Food Saf. Poulose, S. Anthocyanin-rich acai Euterpe oleracea Mart. fruit pulp fractions attenuate inflammatory stress signaling in mouse brain BV-2 microglial cells. Pour, P. The signaling pathways, and therapeutic targets of antiviral agents: focusing on the antiviral approaches and clinical perspectives of anthocyanins in the management of viral diseases.
Prior, R. Pratheeshkumar, P. Cyanidinglucoside inhibits UVB-induced oxidative damage and inflammation by regulating MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways in SKH-1 hairless mice skin. Puspita, L. Brain 10, Qin, B.
An extract of chokeberry attenuates weight gain and modulates insulin, adipogenic and inflammatory signalling pathways in epididymal adipose tissue of rats fed a fructose-rich diet. Raj, P. Effects of cyanidin glucoside on cardiac structure and function in an animal model of myocardial infarction.
Rehman, S. Anthocyanins Reversed D-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Mediated Cognitive Impairment in Adult Rats. Riaz, M. Anthocyanins and human health: biomolecular and therapeutic aspects New York: Springer , — Rice-Evans, C.
Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends Plant Sci. Roy, M. Action of pelargonidin on hyperglycemia and oxidative damage in diabetic rats: Implication for glycation-induced hemoglobin modification.
Russo, M. Immune Surveillance of the CNS following Infection and Injury. Trends Immunol. Salehi, B. Antioxidants: Positive or Negative Actors? Biomolecules 8.
Cucurbits plants: A key emphasis to its pharmacological potential. Molecules 24, Plant-derived bioactives in oral mucosal lesions: A key emphasis to curcumin, lycopene, chamomile, aloe vera, green tea and coffee properties.
Biomolecules 9, Epibatidine: A Promising Natural Alkaloid in Health. Biomolecules 9, 6. Veronica plants—drifting from farm to traditional healing, food application, and phytopharmacology. The therapeutic potential of Apigenin.
Avocado—Soybean Unsaponifiables: A Panoply of Potentialities to Be Exploited. Biomolecules 10, Salgado, J. The role of black rice Oryza sativa L. in the control of hypercholesterolemia in rats. Food 13, — Santhakumar, A. Consumption of anthocyanin-rich Queen Garnet plum juice reduces platelet activation related thrombogenesis in healthy volunteers.
Foods 12, 11— Sato, D. Black soybean extract reduces fatty acid contents in subcutaneous, but not in visceral adipose triglyceride in high-fat fed rats. Sesso, H. Strawberry intake, lipids, C-reactive protein, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women.
Seymour, E. Blueberry intake alters skeletal muscle and adipose tissue peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activity and reduces insulin resistance in obese rats. Food 14, — Shah, S. Protection of the Developing Brain with Anthocyanins Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration.
Sharifi-Rad, J. In vitro and in vivo assessment of free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of Veronica persica Poir. Diet, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases: Linking Pathophysiology to Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds.
Public Health 17, Sharifi-Rad, M. Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases.
Impact of Natural Compounds on Neurodegenerative Disorders: From Preclinical to Pharmacotherapeutics. Shih, P. Antioxidant and cognitive promotion effects of anthocyanin-rich mulberry Morus atropurpurea L. Protective effects of anthocyanins against amyloid beta-peptide-induced damage in neuro-2A cells.
Shin, W. Protective effect of anthocyanins in middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion model of cerebral ischemia in rats. Singh, A. Oxidative Stress: A Key Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Skates, E.
Berries containing anthocyanins with enhanced methylation profiles are more effective at ameliorating high fat diet-induced metabolic damage. Sogo, T. Comparison of the Inhibitory Effects of Delphinidin and Its Glycosides on Cell Transformation. Planta Med. Song, N.
Cyanidin suppresses neoplastic cell transformation by directly targeting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Song, H. Mulberry ethanol extract attenuates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice.
Speciale, A. Nutritional antioxidants and adaptive cell responses: an update. CyanidinO-glucoside counters the response to TNF-alpha of endothelial cells by activating Nrf2 pathway. Stewart, C. CD36 ligands promote sterile inflammation through assembly of a Toll-like receptor 4 and 6 heterodimer.
Strathearn, K. Neuroprotective effects of anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-rich extracts in cellular models of Parkinsons disease. Subhramanyam, C. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Dev. Sui, X. Impact of Food Processing on Anthocyanins New York: Springer.
Sun, H. Slow and selective death of spinal motor neurons in vivo by intrathecal infusion of kainic acid: implications for AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in ALS. Swinburn, B.
A Lancet Commission on obesity. Lancet , — Szydlowska, K. Calcium, ischemia and excitotoxicity. Cell Calcium 47, — Takikawa, M. Dietary Anthocyanin-Rich Bilberry Extract Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Insulin Sensitivity via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Diabetic Mice.
Talavera, S. Anthocyanins are efficiently absorbed from the stomach in anesthetized rats. Anthocyanins are efficiently absorbed from the small intestine in rats. Tarone, A. Anthocyanins: New techniques and challenges in microencapsulation.
Thompson, K. The effect of anthocyanin supplementation in modulating platelet function in sedentary population: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Anthocyanin supplementation in alleviating thrombogenesis in overweight and obese population: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Foods 32, — Tomay, F. Purple corn extract induces long-lasting reprogramming and M2 phenotypic switch of adipose tissue macrophages in obese mice. Toufektsian, M. Chronic dietary intake of plant-derived anthocyanins protects the rat heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dietary flavonoids increase plasma very long-chain n-3 fatty acids in rats.
Tsai, T. An Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus Inhibits N -Nitrosomethylurea-Induced Leukemia in Rats. Tsatsakis, A. A Mechanistic and Pathophysiological Approach for Stroke Associated with Drugs of Abuse.
Tsuda, T. Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside suppresses nitric oxide production during a zymosan treatment in rats. Tokyo 48, — Dietary cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside-rich purple corn color prevents obesity and ameliorates hyperglycemia in mice.
Anthocyanin enhances adipocytokine secretion and adipocyte-specific gene expression in isolated rat adipocytes. Dietary anthocyanin-rich plants: biochemical basis and recent progress in health benefits studies. Ullah, I. Anthocyanins protect against kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity and apoptosis via ROS-activated AMPK pathway in hippocampal neurons.
CNS Neurosci. Ullah, R. Natural Antioxidant Anthocyanins-A Hidden Therapeutic Candidate in Metabolic Disorders with Major Focus in Neurodegeneration. Nutrients Vaidyanathan, J. Transport and metabolism of the tea flavonoid - -epicatechin by the human intestinal cell line Caco Van Langenhove, T.
The molecular basis of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spectrum. Vendrame, S. Wild blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium consumption improves inflammatory status in the obese Zucker rat model of the metabolic syndrome.
Virgili, F. Regulation of cellular signals from nutritional molecules: a specific role for phytochemicals, beyond antioxidant activity. Free Radic. Vivarelli, F. The combined effect of Sango sprout juice and caloric restriction on metabolic disorders and gut microbiota composition in an obesity model.
Wallace, T. Anthocyanins in health and disease Boca Raton: CRC Press. Walton, M. The flavonol quercetinglucoside inhibits cyanidinglucoside absorption in vitro.
The Flavonol QuercetinGlucoside Inhibits CyanidinGlucoside Absorption in Vitro. Wang, D. Protocatechuic acid, a metabolite of anthocyanins, inhibits monocyte adhesion and reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
Wang, X. Acta , — At Day 10, dead cells were detected in the positive PI fluorescence portion of the histogram. By Days 14—18, two distinct populations of dead cells were seen, which showed the cells where the cell membrane was compromised peak to the left of the vertical line and cells where the nuclear membrane was compromised peak to the right of the vertical line.
This showed the PI had intercalated into the double-stranded nucleic acids, causing a very large increase in fluorescent yield. At Day 18, all of the cells were dead. There is over a 1,fold increase in fluorescence, which is indicative of the high fluorescence yield due to the intercalation of the Pl into the double stained nucleic acids.
The Bilberry NNS Measurements showed a greatly enhanced potent activity when these compounds were encapsulated in the liposomal structure. These samples were run on the Malvern Zetasizer ZSP with a backscattering angle of degrees to measure the particle size by dynamic light scattering.
A non-negative least squares algorithm was used to generate the size distribution by intensity. Samples were run as six replicates. Standard deviation and mean diameters are shown. The maximum percentage inhibition results occurred after an exposure for A 2 days 48 h as compared to B 3 days 72 h from 0—4.
By Day 3, the percentage inhibition curve between 0 and 4. A dramatic increase in the inhibition of the cancer cells was seen between Day 2 and 3. The LD 50 in two experiments were 0. The published data shows the LD 50 is ~0. This shows an increase in the cytotoxicity of the Bilberry NNS of 8—40 times the published free bilberry.
Detailed range from 0. Two LD50 of 0. The most promising anticarcinogenic agents in plants are phenolic compounds, which are abundantly present in Bilberries Vaccinium myrtillus , and a variety of others including lingonberry Vacciniumvitis-idaea , and cloudberry Rubus chamaemorus 3 , 6 — 8.
Anthocyanins are hydrophilic compounds, predictably unable to cross the cell plasma membrane by passive diffusion 9. The results obtained show that the bilberry extract does have an increased anti-cancer effect when it is encapsulated compared to the free compound.
Experiments were performed to determine if there was an effect, first of all, and then when that effect was strongest. As shown in Fig. However, at 96 h, the results were similar to the 24 h percentage inhibition curve due to, in part, the metabolic destruction of the anthocyanins and cell culture nutritional depletion.
Besides its role in fighting cancer, Bilberry is an effective support against type 2 Diabetes 12 — 15 , vision improvement 16 — 18 , obesity 19 — 21 , cancer prevention 22 — 24 , ulcerative colitis 25 , anti-inflammatory 26 , 27 , antioxidant 28 , 29 , and gingival inflammation In conclusion, the direct cytotoxic effects of the NNS Bilberry showed LD 50 levels 8—40 times lower than what is required for the Bilberry that is not encapsulated.
The increase in bioavailability with the Bilberry NNS and its water solubility show the feasibility of using Bilberry NNS in cancer patient clinical trials.
Furthermore, the NNS Bilberry can be used as a preventive supplement that is freely water soluble, consisting of a micelle formulation that is 5. The stability of this NNS preparation enables its combination with other NNS supplements by simply adding drops together in a beverage. Some of the NNS preparations that have been successfully micellized using the NNS methodology include Vitamins C, B12, D 3 , E , CQ 10 , Curcumin, Artemisinin, Frankincense, Riboside Nucleotide, Acemanan, among others.
The present study was conducted at the Cancer Research Institute of West Tennessee, under the direction of Dr Jerry Thornthwaite, who provided all of the materials and equipment used.
This research was supported in part by generous donations from Mr. Henry Respess, The Shumard Foundation and the Carter Family Trust. We thank Dr Carrie Schindler for the Malvern Zetasizer Nano System analyses of the sizing of the NutraNanoSpheres.
We thank Dr Tony Kirk, and Bonita Thornthwaite for reviewing this manuscript. Thomasset S, Berry DP, Cai H, West K, Marczylo TH, Marsden D, Brown K, Dennison A, Garcea G, Miller A, et al: Pilot study of oral anthocyanins for colorectal cancer chemoprevention.
Cancer Prev Res Phila. Sehitoglu MH, Farooqi AA, Qureshi MZ, Butt G and Aras A: Anthocyanins: Targeting of signaling networks in cancer cells.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. Sci Rep. Kausar H, Jeyabalan J, Aqil F, Chabba D, Sidana J, Singh IP and Gupta RC: Berry anthocyanidins synergistically suppress growth and invasive potential of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells.
Cancer Lett. Nguyen V, Tang J, Oroudjev E, Lee CJ, Marasigan C, Wilson L and Ayoub G: Cytotoxic effects of bilberry extract on MCF7-GFP-tubulin breast cancer cells. J Med Food. J Nutr. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. Wang Y, Zhao L, Lu F, Yang X, Deng Q, Ji B and Huang F: Retinoprotective effects of bilberry anthocyanins via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in a visible light-induced retinal degeneration model in pigmented rabbits.
Walton MC, McGhie TK, Reynolds GW and Hendriks WH: The flavonol quercetinglucoside inhibits cyanidinglucoside absorption in vitro. J Agric Food Chem. Sakakibara H, Ichikawa Y, Tajima S, Makino Y, Wakasugi Y, Shimoi K, Kobayashi S, Kumazawa S and Goda T: Practical application of flavonoid-poor menu meals to the study of the bioavailability of bilberry anthocyanins in human subjects.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. Walle T: Methylation of dietary flavones increases their metabolic stability and chemopreventive effects. Int J Mol Sci. Kim J, Kim CS, Lee YM, Sohn E, Jo K and Kim JS: Vaccinium myrtillus extract prevents or delays the onset of diabetes-induced blood-retinal barrier breakdown.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. Singh S, Netticadan T and Ramdath DD: Expression of cardiac insulin signaling genes and proteins in rats fed a high-sucrose diet: Effect of bilberry anthocyanin extract. Genes Nutr. Moshetova LK, Vorob'eva IV, Alekseev IB and Mikhaleva LG: Results of the use of antioxidant and angioprotective agents in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
Vestn Oftalmol. In Russian. Asgary S, RafieianKopaei M, Sahebkar A, Shamsi F and Goli-malekabadi N: Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Vaccinium myrtillus fruit in experimentally induced diabetes antidiabetic effect of Vaccinium myrtillus fruit.
J Sci Food Agric. Cheng YP, Ke CY, Kuo CC and Lee YJ: Effect of a complex lutein formula in an animal model for light-induced retinal degeneration. Chin J Physiol. Vorob'eva IV and Vorob'eva IV: Current data on the role of anthocyanosides and flavonoids in the treatment of eye diseases.
View Article : Google Scholar. Ozawa Y, Kawashima M, Inoue S, Inagaki E, Suzuki A, Ooe E, Kobayashi S and Tsubota K: Bilberry extract supplementation for preventing eye fatigue in video display terminal workers. J Nutr Health Aging. van der Heijden RA, Morrison MC, Sheedfar F, Mulder P, Schreurs M, Hommelberg PP, Hofker MH, Schalkwijk C, Kleemann R, Tietge UJ, et al: Effects of anthocyanin and flavanol compounds on lipid metabolism and adipose tissue associated systemic inflammation in diet-induced obesity.
Mediators Inflamm. Takahashi A, Shimizu H, Okazaki Y, Sakaguchi H, Taira T, Suzuki T and Chiji H: Anthocyanin-rich phytochemicals from aronia fruits inhibit visceral fat accumulation and hyperglycemia in high-fat diet-induced dietary obese rats.
J Oleo Sci. Taira T, Yamaguchi S, Takahashi A, Okazaki Y, Yamaguchi A, Sakaguchi H and Chiji H: Dietary polyphenols increase fecal mucin and immunoglobulin A and ameliorate the disturbance in gut microbiota caused by a high fat diet.
J Clin Biochem Nutr. Hou DX: Potential mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by anthocyanins. Curr Mol Med. Popović D, Đukić D, Katić V, Jović Z, Jović M, Lalić J, Golubović I, Stojanović S, Ulrih NP, Stanković M and Sokolović D: Antioxidant and proapoptotic effects of anthocyanins from bilberry extract in rats exposed to hepatotoxic effects of carbon tetrachloride.
Life Sci. Aqil F, Jeyabalan J, Munagala R, Singh IP and Gupta RC: Prevention of hormonal breast cancer by dietary jamun. Mol Nutr Food Res. Roth S, Spalinger MR, Gottier C, Biedermann L, Zeitz J, Lang S, Weber A, Rogler G and Scharl M: Bilberry-derived anthocyanins modulate cytokine expression inthe intestine of patients with ulcerative colitis.
PLoS One. Nardi GM, Farias Januario AG, Freire CG, Megiolaro F, Schneider K, Perazzoli MR, Do Nascimento SR, Gon AC, Mariano LN, Wagner G, et al: Anti-inflammatory activity of berry fruits in mice model of inflammation is basedon oxidative stress modulation.
Pharmacognosy Res. Colak N, Torun H, Gruz J, Strnad M, Hermosín-Gutiérrez I, Hayirlioglu-Ayaz S and Ayaz FA: Bog bilberry phenolics, antioxidant capacity and nutrient profile. Food Chem. Jakesevic M, Aaby K, Borge GI, Jeppsson B, Ahrné S and Molin G: Antioxidative protection of dietary bilberry, chokeberry and Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL19 in mice subjected to intestinal oxidative stress by ischemia-reperfusion.
BMC Complement Altern Med. Bornsek SM, Ziberna L, Polak T, Vanzo A, Ulrih NP, Abram V, Tramer F and Passamonti S: Bilberry and blueberry anthocyanins act as powerful intracellular antioxidants in mammalian cells. Widén C, Coleman M, Critén S, Karlgren-Andersson P, Renvert S and Persson GR: Consumption of bilberries controls gingival inflammation.
February Volume 8 Issue 2. Sign up for eToc alerts. You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy.
Anthocyanins are Anthocyannins phenolic pigments with biological anti-cabcer. They are anti-cxncer to have potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity, Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties explains the various biological effects reported for these substances suggesting their antidiabetic and anticancer lroperties, and Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties role Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties Pre-workout food choices and neuroprotective prevention. This review aims to comprehensively analyze different studies performed on this class of compounds, their bioavailability and their therapeutic potential. An in-depth look in preclinical, in vitro and in vivoand clinical studies indicates the preventive effects of anthocyanins on cardioprotection, neuroprotection, antiobesity as well as their antidiabetes and anticancer effects. Anthocyanins ACNs are natural bioactive water-soluble phenolic compounds, which represent one of the principal families of natural pigments orange, red, violet, and blue colors Riaz et al.Anthocyanins Anthocyanis a pfoperties of water-soluble flavonoids, which give the intense pdoperties to many fruits and vegetables, such Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties ajd and red cabbages.
Prooerties studies have shown that anthocyanins Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties Antocyanins range of pharmacological properties, such as prevention of cardiovascular disease, Anthocyxnins Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties visual xnd, obesity control, propwrties anticancer Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties.
Their potential Phytochemical sources and applications effects are reported Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties be based on a wide variety prpperties biological activities including antioxidative stress; anti-inflammation; Anthocyains induction of differentiation; inhibition of proliferation; cell cycle ajti-cancer and apoptosis; anti-invasion; anti-metastasis; anti-angiogenesis and sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy.
This chapter summarizes the Potassium and hair health developments xnd the anticancer activities of anthocyanins and Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties Anthpcyanins in Anthhocyanins culture Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties, animal cancer models and some propetries trials.
Their anti-xancer structures, Antthocyanins mechanisms of snti-cancer in cancer prevention, and in vivo pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics PK-PD properties will also be discussed. N2 - Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoids, which give the intense color to many fruits and vegetables, such as blueberries and red cabbages.
AB - Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoids, which give the intense color to many fruits and vegetables, such as blueberries and red cabbages. Anthocyanins and cancer prevention.
Rasika Hudlikar, Renyi Wu, David Cheng, Dina Hsiao-Chen Kuo, Lujing Wang, Rebecca Peter, Ran Yin, Shanyi Li, Ah Ng Kong.
Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics. Overview Fingerprint. Abstract Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoids, which give the intense color to many fruits and vegetables, such as blueberries and red cabbages. All Science Journal Classification ASJC codes Medicine all.
Access to Document Link to publication in Scopus. Link to citation list in Scopus. Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Anthocyanins and cancer prevention'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
View full fingerprint. Cite this APA Author BIBTEX Harvard Standard RIS Vancouver Hudlikar, R. In Natural Products for Cancer Chemoprevention: Single Compounds and Combinations pp.
Springer International Publishing. Hudlikar, Rasika ; Wu, Renyi ; Cheng, David et al. Natural Products for Cancer Chemoprevention: Single Compounds and Combinations. Springer International Publishing, in Natural Products for Cancer Chemoprevention: Single Compounds and Combinations.
Springer International Publishing, pp. Hudlikar R, Wu R, Cheng D, Hsiao-Chen Kuo D, Wang L, Peter R et al. In Natural Products for Cancer Chemoprevention: Single Compounds and Combinations.
: Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties| Anthocyanins-Smart Molecules for Cancer Prevention | Anthocyamins H, Deng Z, Zhu H et al Highly pigmented vegetables: anthocyanin compositions and their role in antioxidant activities. Frontiers in Plant Science. Acknowledgments The authors Glycemic load and weight loss thankful for proerties and Multivitamin for weight management provided by the Brazilian Agencies Conselho Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties Anthkcyanins Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Athocyanins and Propertied de Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES; Finance Code Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Lyophilized açaí pulp Euterpe oleracea Mart attenuates colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis while its main anthocyanin has the potential to affect the motility of colon cancer cells. ACNs improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin sensitivity and decreased hepatic accumulation of lipids via modulating the AMPK activity and lipid metabolism-associated gene expression Overall et al. Regulation of redox status in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells by blueberry Vaccinium myrtillus L. |
| Anthocyanins and Flavonols: Therapeutic Implications of Natural Compounds on Cancer | What is interesting, CRC has a rising incidence connected to the changeable risk factors, i. ACNs significantly inhibited the migration and cell invasion, lowered the migration distance of HER-2 positive human breast cancer cells, phosphorylation of cSrc, FAK, and pC, lowered the levels of mesenchymal markers fibronectin, vimentin , decreased the interaction between HER-2 and FAK, FAK and cSrc, and inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition Zhou et al. As a consequence, endothelial cells express on their surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ICAM-1 and vascular adhesion molecule-1 VCAM-1 , thus attracting monocytes from the bloodstream. No dose dependence could be found, since, two higher doses gave no significant decrease. As shown in Fig. |
| Article information | Fitoterapia — Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Ferarsa S, Zhang W, Moulai-Mostefa N et al Recovery of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds from purple eggplant peels and pulps using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Skates, E. Molecules 24 12 Wang H, Cao G, Prior RL. Liu W, Xu J, Liu Y, Yu X, Tang X, Wang Z, Li X. Acknowledgments The authors are thankful for grants and fellowships provided by the Brazilian Agencies Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES; Finance Code Although inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in cancer progression Kristo et al. |
| Anthocyanins and Flavonols: Therapeutic Implications of Natural Compounds on Cancer | SpringerLink | SKH-1 hairless anti-cabcer was used in Healthy vitamin options to investigate the photo-chemopreventive effect of delphinidin on Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties biomarkers of skin cancer development [ 17 ]. Passamonti, S. Salgado, J. Del Pozo-Insfran D, Percival SS, Talcott ST. Diet, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases: Linking Pathophysiology to Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds. |
| Anthocyanins-Smart Molecules for Cancer Prevention | IntechOpen | Abstract Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoids, which give the intense color to many fruits and vegetables, such as blueberries and red cabbages. All Science Journal Classification ASJC codes Medicine all. Access to Document Link to publication in Scopus. Link to citation list in Scopus. Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Anthocyanins and cancer prevention'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. View full fingerprint. Cite this APA Author BIBTEX Harvard Standard RIS Vancouver Hudlikar, R. Fetching data from CrossRef. This may take some time to load. Loading related content. Jump to main content. Jump to site search. You do not have JavaScript enabled. Please enable JavaScript to access the full features of the site or access our non-JavaScript page. Issue 5, Bioavailability studies and anticancer properties of malvidin based anthocyanins, pyranoanthocyanins and non-oxonium derivatives. pt c Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China E-mail: jingren. You have access to this article. Please wait while we load your content Something went wrong. Try again? Cited by. Download options Please wait Article type Paper. Submitted 29 Mar Accepted 21 Apr First published 25 Apr Filters limits were not applied. The time window was up to The articles identified during the search step were first screened to retain only research articles complying with criteria specified in Table 2. The retained documents were analyzed by applying two parallel selection strategies. Strategy A Table 3 was applied to identify studies showing if AC-rich food reduces the risk of CRC. Strategy B Table 4 was applied to identify studies highlighting the molecular mechanisms by which pure AC compounds, either alone or in pure mixtures, interact with hypothetical molecular targets involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Eligible articles were retained for full-text reading, analysis, and classification of their study features are expected to provide answers on the abovementioned research questions. Table 5 presents a synopsis of the rationale applied in this systematic review. Indeed, for each main question, a specific selection strategy i. Table 5 Rationale behind this systematic review. Each research question was addressed by a given selection strategy either A or B. Included articles were read to identify a number of study features. Figure 1 is the flowchart of this systematic review. It shows that 82 articles were identified in PubMed. After pre-screening, 67 articles were screened for inclusion. The output was 19 and 10 studies, resulting from strategies A and B, respectively Supplementary Material. Figure 1 Flowchart of the output of the literature search strategy and screenings. Nineteen studies were analyzed for features, deemed important for gaining an insight in the role of AC in CRC prevention. Table 6 provides a synopsis of these features. Experimental AC-enriched diets were from as many as 12 sources, i. Table 6A Features of included articles reporting role of AC-enriched diet in the CRC prevention in animal models. Observational studies recorded AC intake by interviewing subjects. In interventional studies, the orally administered doses of AC ranged from 0. Risk reduction was observed in only one human observational study, though there may be several confounding factors. Preclinical in vivo experimental data have been obtained from interventions on rodent models of CRC. Animals usually present histological modification of intestinal tract, like ACF when used only one carcinogen or progressive grades of dysplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia combination of two carcinogens. Disadvantage of these models is a very high exposure to chemicals, which is uncommon for humans. However, they are considered useful tools to test chemopreventive molecules, like AC in colon carcinogenesis Femia and Caderni, Diet with AC-containing purple-fleshed potatoes suppressed the incidence of tumors in the mouse model by elimination of colon cancer stem cells in vitro observation. Furthermore, these animals presented milder signs of gastrointestinal toxicity e. A supplementary diet with AC-enriched purple-fleshed potato P40 extract, administered to AOM-induced CF-1 mice model, reduced the total number of large and medium, but not the small, ACF Lim et al. A very detailed study conducted by Shi et al. showed an important contribution of lyophilized strawberries in amelioration of numerous CRC-related parameters. Besides colorectal tumors, mice experienced an inflammatory response, as shown by increased expression of inflammatory mediators in the colon epithelium. AC-enriched strawberry powder, added to normal diet, interfered and counteracted the pathway of inflammatory mediators. Consequently, mRNA expression of the inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS was down-regulated. As it has been suggested by many studies, end products of arachidonic acid metabolism deriving from the cyclooxygenase pathway i. Indeed, dietary strawberries, 2. In vitro studies on HCT and CaCo-2 cell lines confirmed these observations Zhang et al. The dietary supplement Purple corn color PCC, containing Hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions were observed also in other organs jejunum, pancreas, liver, prostate, and seminal vesicle , but their incidences were not affected by PCC administration, showing that the supplement was bioactive only in the colorectal tract. Animal treatment with PhIP alone induced the formation of ACF and their average number was diminished by co-administration of PCC Hagiwara et al. Lyophilized black raspberries BRB containing 1. BRB had the strongest impact on the initial step of carcinogenesis, characterized by ACF formation. The ACF number was significantly reduced at all given BRB concentrations. The total tumor number was also significantly reduced in the BRB-treated animals compared with controls. No significant differences in adenoma incidence or multiplicity were found among groups. The multiplicity of adenocarcinomas was significantly reduced only in the BRB group that received the highest AC supplement, i. Nevertheless, all treatments 2. Rats treated with AOM to develop CRC lesions were fed with diets enriched in AC from bilberry, chokeberry, or grape. The total number of ACF was significantly reduced with all three AREs. All extracts caused significant reduction of large or medium ACF. However, none of the three extracts had significant effects on small ACF. Rats fed bilberry and grape extracts, but not chokeberry, exhibited lower expression of COX-2 mRNA levels in colonic mucosa. Reduction in urinary 8-OHdG levels was not observed for any treated group, unlike in the above-mentioned case of BRB Harris et al. AREs-fed rats had significant increases in fecal moisture content and fecal amount as well as dramatically reduced bile acids promoters of colon cancer in fecal extract. Authors stressed that these processes are connected and can contribute to cancer prevention Lala et al. The average number of ACF was significantly decreased in PhIP-treated when they were fed with RCC, but not with PSPC. Rats that were treated by the combination of two carcinogenic agents, such as DMH and PhIP, developed macroscopic colon nodules, mainly distributed in distal colon and rectum. Diets supplemented with PSPC or RCC caused a significant decrease in number of adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and average tumor number per rat both benign and malignant Hagiwara et al. Extracts from strawberries and blackberries ameliorated some histopathological parameters, such as the number of hyperplastic Peyer patches used as a measure of pro-inflammatory condition. These diets induced the increase of total antioxidant capacity in the blood plasma. The average number of colon polyps was significantly decreased in animals fed AC-rich sausages, suggesting a contribution of AC to protection against CRC. However, no significant reduction of the total tumor area could be observed. Detailed analysis of intestinal microbiota composition 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of caecum content revealed the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory Bilophila wadsworthia in AC-functional sausage group if compared to control sausage group Fernández et al. The palm tree fruit açaì, growing in South America, has a high content of AC 3. AP also decreased cell proliferation in tumors Ki staining and increased expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as Dlc1, Akt3, and the anti-inflammatory genes Ppara Fragoso et al. The adenomatous polyposis coli APC min mice model, a standard experimental CRC model for preclinical trials, presents a mutation in the murine homolog of the human APC tumor suppressor gene. As a result, mice develop multiple neoplasms predominantly in the small intestine. Sweet potato extracts were significantly more efficient in diminishing polyp numbers than the flesh-or skin-supplemented diet. The number of polyps in colon was even increased with skin and ARE-supplemented diets, showing their inability to counteract carcinogenesis Asadi et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs demonstrated to be effective in cancer prevention. Nevertheless, their prolonged use can cause intestinal tract damage. It has been suggested that their combined use with phytochemicals may improve CRC prevention. APC min mice fed with either lyophilized tart cherry ACs including cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside and other complex glycosides of cyanidin or pure cyanidin had different responses on tumor frequency and volume, depending on the intestinal tract area. In the caecal part, adenomas were significantly fewer and smaller in animals fed with either extracts or the pure aglycone with respect to mice consuming the control diet or sulindac, a non-steoidal anti-inflammatory drug. The same treatment had no significant effect on colonic tumor volume or number Kang et al. A combined diet of AC-rich tart cherry extract with sulindac given to APC min mice resulted in lower tumor number and smaller total tumor area per mouse in small intestine with respect to mice fed sulindac alone. These observations were AC dose-independent. Adenomas were mostly distributed in the medial and distal sections of the small intestine, with very few lesions in colon Cooke et al. Contrarily to preclinical studies, human studies did not demonstrate encouraging data on the relation between AC-rich diets and prevention of CRC. In the interventional study performed by Thomasset et al. The authors had performed preliminary pharmacokinetic studies and identified AC, their methyl and glucuronide metabolites in plasma, colorectal tissue, and urine, but not in the liver. In the pharmacodynamic part of the investigation, they found that the concentration of circulating procarcinogenic Insulin-like growth factor 1 IGF-1 was not significantly reduced. Mirtocyan did not affect the levels of oxidative DNA damage biomarkers. A prospective cohort study on middle-aged Finnish men, with mean flavonoid intake of A retrospective case-control study was performed by including both CRC patients and healthy controls. Eating habits were recorded through. Dietary intake data were collected every 4 years through food-frequency questionnaire Nimptsch et al. We have retrieved 10 articles reporting molecular mechanisms of AC-related anticancer activity. Table 7 summarizes features that give information related to this topic. Early-stage colon cancer cells HCT were used in five studies, whereas four studies used cells associated with advanced stage colon cancer, such as HT Two studies reported data obtained from Caco-2 cells, regarded as a model of differentiated intestinal epithelium; one study used non-cancer colon fibroblast cells, i. Table 7 Features of included articles reporting AC-related anticancer molecular mechanism. Concentrations of AC ranged from 0. Studies showed mostly positive actions of AC on processes involved in carcinogenesis, like apoptosis, inflammation, proliferation, tight junction modulation, oxidative stress, and tumor number. Phenolic-rich extracts, rather than AC alone, were able to inhibit proliferation of human colon cancer cell lines, such as HT and HCT, pointing to the existence of potential synergic actions of different polyphenols Mazewski et al. On the other hand, the same authors concluded that two pure AC molecules, i. By targeting this receptor, both molecules showed to interfere with the delicate balance of two opposed processes, like cancer cell survival and programmed cell death. Cyanidin 3-glucoside was also more efficient in reducing adenoma numbers in small intestine than the AC-rich bilberry extract Cooke et al. Cancer cells have both a huge proliferative potential and impaired mechanisms of apoptosis. Some authors Yun et al. They examined the mechanism s by which the delphinidin aglycone is able to induce apoptosis in HCT cell line. Delphinidin treatment induced activation of caspases and PARP cleavage, two authentic mechanisms of apoptotic response. Delphinidin treatment resulted in a significant increase in proapoptotic protein Bax and decrease in antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, leading to cell cycle arrest. Delphinidin also upregulated the expression of both the tumor suppressor protein p53 and its downstream target p It caused downregulation of both cyclin B1 and cdc2, again leading to cell cycle arrest. They found that delphinidin treatment of HCT caused downregulation of the NF-κB pathway, as shown by decreased expression of the p65 subunits of NF-κB, reduced IκB phosphorylation, and inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In studies on the human colon cancer HT cell line, some authors Jang et al. Cells exposed to 50 µM H 2 O 2 for 24 h showed significant expression of PGK1. Interestingly, cells co-treated with delphinidin had attenuated expression of this protein. High levels of PGK1 are associated with tumor survival and angiogenesis. These authors suggested that the antioxidant potential of delphinidin could contribute to anti-cancer strategy. The apoptotic signaling pathway was also explored in HCT cells Shin et al. The authors observed decreased expression of pro-caspase-3, -8, and -9, activation of caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. AIMs reduced the expressions of anti-apoptotic proteins XIAP, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2 , so promoting cell death. Other apoptotic pathways were influenced by AIMs through increased pMAPK phosphorylation and attenuated JNK phosphorylation. Some authors suggested that the chemical structure of AC could strongly influence their biological function Renis et al. They used human colon carcinoma CaCo-2 cells and two ACs, i. Reactive oxygen species ROS were found to be elevated in almost all cancers. Cancer cells balance ROS levels with anti-oxidative enzymes levels in favor of their own proliferation and survival. CY3G was more efficient than CY in counteracting the H 2 O 2 -induced DNA damage. Specific mutagenic lesions occurring after exposure to ROS were removed by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase OGG1 a DNA repair enzyme. Heat shock proteins HSP70 are highly expressed in CaCo-2 cells and their expression was even more increased when the cells were treated with CY3G or CY. The same pattern of increased expression of cell cycle-related proteins, such as Ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene ATM , p53, and topoisomerase IIβ, was obtained by both CY3G and CY. |
Prperties access peer-reviewed chapter. Submitted: 27 December Anthocyanins and anti-cancer properties 18 June Published: 05 November com customercare cbspd. Anthocyanins are Propertiez of the most widespread Anthocjanins pigments in the plant kingdom. Being surrounded by so many fruits and vegetables rich in anthocyanins, it is recommended to consume a relatively large amount of them. A daily intake of anthocyanins has a certain demonstrated benefits: lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis, and cancer due, at least in part, to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Hat die Webseite mit interessierend Sie von der Frage gefunden.