I'm Dr. Leslie Thomas, a nephrologist at Mayo Clinic. And I'm here to answer some of the important questions you might have about hypertension.
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Antihypertensive Holistic nutrient intake are grouped by class. Each class of medication differs from the other classes by the way it lowers blood pressure. For instance, diuretics, no matter the type, act to reduce the body's total content of salt and water.
This leads to reduction in plasma volume within the blood vessels and consequently a lower blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers reduce the relative constriction of blood vessels. This reduced vasoconstriction also promotes a lower blood pressure.
Other classes of antihypertensive medication act in their own ways. Considering your health conditions, physiology, and how each medication works, your doctor can advise the safest and most effective medication for you. Following the correction of blood pressure or the institution of certain blood pressure medications, it's pretty common to see changes in the markers for kidney function on blood tests.
However, small changes in these markers, which reflects small changes in kidney filtration performance shouldn't necessarily be interpreted as absolute evidence of kidney harm.
Your doctor can interpret changes in laboratory tests following any change in medication. Keep an open dialogue with your medical team about your goals and personal preferences.
Communication, trust and collaboration are key to long-term success managing your blood pressure. Never hesitate to ask your medical team any questions or concerns you have.
Being informed makes all the difference. Thanks for your time and we wish you well. To diagnose high blood pressure, your health care provider examines you and asks questions about your medical history and any symptoms. Your provider listens to your heart using a device called a stethoscope.
Your blood pressure is checked using a cuff, usually placed around your arm. It's important that the cuff fits. If it's too big or too small, blood pressure readings can vary.
The cuff is inflated using a small hand pump or a machine. A blood pressure reading measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats top number, called systolic pressure and between heartbeats bottom number, called diastolic pressure.
To measure blood pressure, an inflatable cuff is usually placed around the arm. A machine or small hand pump is used to inflate the cuff. In this image, a machine records the blood pressure reading. This is called an automated blood pressure measurement. The first time your blood pressure is checked, it should be measured in both arms to see if there's a difference.
After that, the arm with the higher reading should be used. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury mm Hg. A blood pressure reading has two numbers. A diagnosis of high blood pressure is usually based on the average of two or more readings taken on separate occasions.
Blood pressure is grouped according to how high it is. This is called staging. Staging helps guide treatment. Sometimes the bottom blood pressure reading is normal less than 80 mm Hg but the top number is high. This is called isolated systolic hypertension. It's a common type of high blood pressure in people older than If you are diagnosed with high blood pressure, your provider may recommend tests to check for a cause.
Your health care provider may ask you to regularly check your blood pressure at home. Home monitoring is a good way to keep track of your blood pressure. It helps your care providers know if your medicine is working or if your condition is getting worse.
For the most reliable blood pressure measurement, the American Heart Association recommends using a monitor with a cuff that goes around your upper arm, when available. Devices that measure your blood pressure at your wrist or finger aren't recommended by the American Heart Association because they can provide less reliable results.
Changing your lifestyle can help control and manage high blood pressure. Your health care provider may recommend that you make lifestyle changes including:. Sometimes lifestyle changes aren't enough to treat high blood pressure.
If they don't help, your provider may recommend medicine to lower your blood pressure. The type of medicine used to treat hypertension depends on your overall health and how high your blood pressure is. Two or more blood pressure drugs often work better than one.
It can take some time to find the medicine or combination of medicines that works best for you. When taking blood pressure medicine, it's important to know your goal blood pressure level. The ideal blood pressure goal can vary with age and health conditions, particularly if you're older than age Water pills diuretics.
These drugs help remove sodium and water from the body. They are often the first medicines used to treat high blood pressure. There are different classes of diuretics, including thiazide, loop and potassium sparing. Which one your provider recommends depends on your blood pressure measurements and other health conditions, such as kidney disease or heart failure.
Diuretics commonly used to treat blood pressure include chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide Microzide and others. A common side effect of diuretics is increased urination.
Urinating a lot can reduce potassium levels. A good balance of potassium is necessary to help the heart beat correctly. If you have low potassium hypokalemiayour provider may recommend a potassium-sparing diuretic that contains triamterene. Calcium channel blockers. These drugs help relax the muscles of the blood vessels.
Some slow your heart rate. They include amlodipine Norvascdiltiazem Cardizem, Tiazac, others and others. Calcium channel blockers may work better for older people and Black people than do angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitors alone.
: Blood pressure pills| What You Should Know About High Blood Pressure and Medications | Natural Medicines. This is Bloood blood pressure rises rapidly to a dangerously high level. Pressurs change Blood pressure pills Gluten-free Fat Burner without your provider's guidance. Schedule regular health checkups. Let your care provider know if you have symptoms such as chest pains or shortness of breath. What to know about high blood pressure. Another medication such as a different diuretic, alpha blockers or beta blockersor seeing a specialist. |
| U.S. Food and Drug Administration | This makes the heart beat with less force and helps blood vessels relax. As a result, blood pressure decreases. There are two categories of calcium channel blockers:. Discover everything you need to know about calcium channel blockers , their types, and specific examples. Vasodilators relax the muscles in the walls of blood vessels, especially in small arteries called arterioles. This widens the blood vessels and allows blood to flow through them more easily. As a result, blood pressure falls. Discover everything you need to know about vasodilators , their types, and specific examples. Aldosterone receptor antagonists work by blocking a chemical called aldosterone. This action reduces the amount of fluid your body retains, which helps lower your blood pressure. Aldosterone receptor antagonists include eplerenone Inspra and spironolactone Aldactone. Another type of blood pressure medication is called a direct renin inhibitor DRI. DRIs block a chemical in your body called renin. This action helps widen your blood vessels, which lowers your blood pressure. Peripheral adrenergic inhibitors stop neurotransmitters in the brain from conveying a signal that causes the heart muscle to constrict. Examples include guanadrel Hylorel , guanethidine monosulfate Ismelin , and reserpine Serpasil. There are times when you may need to take more than one type of blood pressure medication. Most commonly, this occurs when:. Regular exercise strengthens the heart and makes it work more efficiently, leading to lower blood pressure. That said, speak with a doctor about making lifestyle changes to help manage your blood pressure. These include reducing your salt intake, quitting smoking if you smoke, and limiting alcohol consumption. Thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics are often prescribed as the first-line treatment for high blood pressure. Specifically, the most commonly prescribed blood pressure medications are the ACE inhibitor lisinopril Prinivil and Zestril , the DHP calcium channel blocker amlodipine Norvasc , the beta-blocker metoprolol Lopressor , and the thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide. The best blood pressure medication with the fewest side effects will be different for every person, as there are many factors that help determine this. That said, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, thiazide diuretics, and DHP calcium channel blockers tend to be prescribed in many cases. Each hypertensive medication comes with some chance of side effects, but each may affect different people differently. High blood pressure is a serious condition that requires treatment to prevent more severe health problems. A doctor can tell you which drugs might work best for you. Together, you can put together a treatment plan to manage your blood pressure. Read this article in Spanish. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. VIEW ALL HISTORY. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, increases your risk of heart attack and stroke. There are a variety of treatments that can help you manage your…. Isolated systolic hypertension is when you have high systolic blood pressure, but your diastolic blood pressure is normal. Calcium channel blockers are a common medication used to treat high blood pressure. In a study of older adults living in long-term care, researchers randomly assigned facilities to use either a potassium-rich salt substitute or…. A recent study has found that tai chi was more effective compared to aerobic exercise in lowering blood pressure among prehypertension patients. Portopulmonary hypertension is a progressive complication of high blood pressure in the veins that lead to your liver. Renal parenchymal disease is a group of conditions that can develop in the parts of your kidney that filter your urine and produce the hormone…. According to new research, adding salt at mealtime, using a salt shaker for example, is associated with an increased risk of developing kidney disease,. Baroreflex failure is a rare condition. People with this condition experience sharply rising blood pressure during exercise, pain, and stress, and can…. New research examined the benefits and differences between three types of medications used to treat high blood pressure. A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Sexual Health. Birth control STIs HIV HSV Activity Relationships. A List of 11 Blood Pressure Medications. Medically reviewed by Philip Ngo, PharmD — By Alina Sharon — Updated on May 18, Overview Diuretics Alpha-blockers Alpha receptor agonists Beta-blockers ACE inhibitors ARBs Calcium channel blockers Vasodilators Aldosterone receptor antagonists Direct renin inhibitors Peripheral adrenergic inhibitors Treatment plans FAQs Takeaway Dozens of different medications can help treat high blood pressure hypertension. depends on the type, but may lead to low or high potassium or other electrolyte imbalances Alpha-blockers These may be used as an additional treatment option or in combination with other drugs. headaches, nausea, dizziness, tremors, and more Alpha-2 receptor agonists These are primarily prescribed for other conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD but may be used in unique circumstances. slow heart rate, cold extremities, insomnia , weight gain, and others Angiotensin converting enzyme ACE inhibitors These may be used to treat heart failure or after a heart attack. dry cough, rash, loss of taste, and rarely kidney damage Angiotensin II receptor blockers These may be used to treat heart failure or after a heart attack. dizziness, headache, fatigue, and others Calcium channel blockers These may be used as an additional treatment option or in combination with other drugs. headache, eye swelling, joint pain, heart palpitations, weight gain Aldosterone receptor antagonists These are used mainly in cases of heart failure or a concern that heart failure may occur. high potassium and impaired kidney function. Direct renin inhibitors Only one drug, aliskiren, is approved to treat high blood pressure, but it may not be the first choice. diarrhea, cough, rash, headaches, dizziness, and various metabolic imbalances. diarrhea, heartburn, dizziness, weakness. Alpha receptor agonists. Angiotensin converting enzyme ACE inhibitors. Accupril recall On April 22, , Pfizer issued a voluntary recall of five lots of the drug quinapril Accupril due to the presence of nitrosamine. Was this helpful? Angiotensin II receptor blockers ARBs. Calcium channel blockers. Aldosterone receptor antagonists. Direct renin inhibitors. Peripheral adrenergic inhibitors. High blood pressure drug treatment plans. Frequently asked questions. How we reviewed this article: Sources. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Getting the most from your medicines. Occasionally, side effects only happen when you first start taking a new medication or a higher dose. As your body gets used to the medicines the side effects improve or go away. Instead, talk to your doctor because they will be able to try a lower dose of your medication, a different medication, or a different combination of medications. Often this will lower your blood pressure with no problems at all. They can often help you get the right balance between controlling your blood pressure and keeping the side effects to a minimum, and might be able to try different treatments. What are the possible side effects? The side effects vary with the different medications. They also vary from person to person. For example, ACE inhibitors can cause a dry cough in some people, but dizziness or an upset stomach in others. The leaflet that comes with your medication will include a list of possible side effects. A common side effect is feeling faint or dizzy when you go from sitting or lying down to standing up, especially at night. This is called postural hypotension, and can happen with any blood pressure medication. If you notice anything unusual when you start taking a new medication or a higher dose, speak to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Make sure your doctor or nurse knows about all the medicines you are taking, including herbal medicines and over-the-counter treatments like cold remedies. Reporting new side-effects If you experience any problems which are not on the leaflet which comes with your medicines, you can report them via the Yellow Card Scheme. You can also speak to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Download our Side-effects of blood pressure medicines information sheet [PDF 11,KB]. Getting your medicines and doses right takes time and patience for both you and your doctor. Click to print page. 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If you have high blood pressure, you might need to take medications to help lower it. Are blood pressure medications right for you? This is why your doctor might want to discuss medications with you as well as changes to your lifestyle. Read more. Types of blood pressure medicines There are lots of different medications which can be used to treat high blood pressure. Finding the right blood pressure medications for you Everyone is different, and some blood pressure medications might work better for you than others. Some people will take three of four, and sometimes five or more. It can take a bit of trial and error to find which medication or combination of medications will work well for you. If you stop taking them, your blood pressure will quickly rise again. Your blood pressure medicines will keep your blood pressure under control and stop you developing serious health problems. Taking your medications every day at the same time, keeping in touch with your doctor and looking after your health in other ways will all help your medications to work well. Learn more about getting the most from your medicines. Ask your doctor or nurse as many questions as you need to. They can help you understand why the medications could help, any pros and cons, and what to do if you experience any problems with the medications. If you have a partner or carer, you can take them along to your appointments with your doctor to help you make a decision. Your doctor or nurse will want to see you again fairly soon after you start a new medicine. They may be able to change the dose and there are often other medications you can try if you need to. Read the stories of people who are living well with blood pressure medications. This is called resistant hypertension. Sometimes the medications bring blood pressure down but the side effects are too much to live with. If you have resistant hypertension or severe side effects, you can ask to be referred to a specialist for help. If you are otherwise in good health, and your overall risk of heart attacks and stroke is low, changes to your lifestyle might be enough. If your risk of serious health problems is higher, for example if you are overweight or have diabetes, then your doctor might suggest you start taking medications as well as improving your lifestyle. Types of blood pressure medicines There are four main types of medicine to lower blood pressure. ACE inhibitors. ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors help to control hormones that play a role in blood pressure control. They help the blood vessels to relax and widen, lowering blood pressure. Angiotensin receptor blockers ARBs. Calcium-channel blockers CCBs. These allow the artery walls to relax, making them wider. This allows more blood to pass through, lowering blood pressure. |
| Managing High Blood Pressure Medications | American Heart Association | This drug prevents calcium from entering the muscle cells of the heart and arteries. Calcium channel blockers relax and open up narrowed blood vessels, reduce heart rate and lower blood pressure. These drugs reduce blood pressure by decreasing the activity of the sympathetic adrenaline-producing portion of the involuntary nervous system. Methyldopa is considered a generally safe antihypertensive during pregnancy because adverse effects are infrequent for the pregnant woman or the developing fetus. Combined alpha and beta-blockers are used as an IV drip for patients experiencing a hypertensive crisis. They may be prescribed for outpatient high blood pressure use if the patient is at risk for heart failure. Blood vessel dilators, or vasodilators, can cause the muscle in the walls of the blood vessels especially the arterioles to relax, allowing the vessel to dilate, or widen. This allows blood to flow through better. Written by American Heart Association editorial staff and reviewed by science and medicine advisors. See our editorial policies and staff. High Blood Pressure. The Facts About HBP. Understanding Blood Pressure Readings. Why HBP is a "Silent Killer". Health Threats from HBP. Changes You Can Make to Manage High Blood Pressure. Baja Tu Presión. Find HBP Tools and Resources. Blood Pressure Toolkit. Home Health Topics High Blood Pressure Changes You Can Make to Manage High Blood Pressure Types of Medications. Prescription blood pressure drugs come in many classes. Classes of blood pressure medications Some of the major types of commonly prescribed cardiovascular medications are provided here. However, this information does not signify a recommendation or endorsement from the American Heart Association. It's important to discuss all of the drugs you take with your health care professional and understand their desired effects and possible side effects. Never stop taking a medication and never change your dose or frequency without first consulting your doctor. If you have an illness, you may wish to discuss your medications with your health care professional. If you have been prescribed blood pressure medication, consult your health care professional prior to conception if you are considering pregnancy or if there is a chance you could become pregnant. If you discover that you are pregnant consult your health care professional as soon as possible to determine the safest medication for you at this time. The classes of blood pressure medications include: Diuretics Beta-blockers ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor blockers Calcium channel blockers Alpha blockers Alpha-2 receptor agonists Combined alpha and beta-blockers Vasodilators Diuretics Diuretics help the body get rid of excess sodium salt and water and help control blood pressure. Symptoms such as weakness, leg cramps or being tired may result. Eating foods containing potassium may help prevent significant potassium loss. If your health care professional recommends it, you could prevent potassium loss by taking a liquid or tablet that has potassium along with the diuretic. Health Threats from HBP. Changes You Can Make to Manage High Blood Pressure. Baja Tu Presión. Find HBP Tools and Resources. Blood Pressure Toolkit. Home Health Topics High Blood Pressure Changes You Can Make to Manage High Blood Pressure Medications. Is medication a part of your high blood pressure treatment? General guidelines for taking high blood pressure medications Although taking medication for your high blood pressure may require some adjustments, your health care professional has your best interest in mind. Follow these recommendations carefully, even if it means taking medication every day for the rest of your life. Partnering with your health care professional is the best way to reach your treatment goals and enjoy the benefits of better health. Naturopathic approaches are not considered a substitute for medications that have been carefully studied and monitored for prescription use. Be aware of how certain over-the-counter OTC medications , like decongestants, may react with your medications or affect your blood pressure. Discuss any supplements or treatments that you are considering with your health care team. High blood pressure is a lifelong condition. Download a printable medicine tracker PDF and blood pressure tracker PDF. Last Reviewed: Jun 5, |
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You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Examples of this type of drug are:. There are several types of PAI, and the side effects differ between types.
Possible side effects include :. Anyone who wishes to stop taking tricyclic antidepressants while using a PAI should speak with a doctor. Stopping these medications too quickly while taking certain PAIs can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure. Some types of PAIs may not be suitable for people with certain medical conditions.
These conditions include:. Vasodilators, or blood vessel dilators, relax and widen the walls of the blood vessels, allowing blood to flow through them more easily.
Direct-acting vasodilators specifically target the arteries. Two types of direct-acting vasodilators are hydralazine hydrochloride Apresoline and minoxidil Loniten. Minoxidil is the more potent of the two drugs. Doctors usually prescribe it to people with persistent and severe high blood pressure. Hydralazine hydrochloride may cause the following side effects, which usually subside within a few weeks of beginning treatment:.
Taking erectile dysfunction medications in combination with a vasodilator can cause a life threatening drop in blood pressure. Depending on the type, vasodilators may not be suitable during pregnancy or for people with the following conditions:.
Some blood pressure medications are not safe to take during pregnancy. Some medications may be suitable during specific trimesters, while others pose risks throughout pregnancy. People who are pregnant or planning on getting pregnant should talk with their doctor about treatment options for high blood pressure.
There are many types of blood pressure medications. A doctor will consider the underlying cause of high blood pressure, as well as other health conditions and medications. Anyone experiencing long-term or intolerable side effects from a blood pressure medication should speak with a doctor, who may prescribe an alternative.
High blood pressure hypertension often has no symptoms but, it can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and other life threatening…. Those with hypertension should avoid exercises that are high intensity or significantly raise blood pressure.
Better options include gentle aerobic…. In a new study, researchers say bariatric weight loss surgery was highly effective in helping people with obesity control their blood pressure. My podcast changed me Can 'biological race' explain disparities in health?
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Medical News Today. Health Conditions Health Products Discover Tools Connect. Blood pressure medications: Options and side effects. Medically reviewed by Jennie Olopaade, PharmD, RPH — By Charlotte Lillis — Updated on January 6, Diuretics Beta-blockers ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor blockers Calcium channel blockers Alpha-blockers Alpha-2 receptor agonists Combined alpha- and beta-blockers Central agonists Peripheral adrenergic inhibitors Direct-acting vasodilators In pregnancy Summary Medications for high blood pressure can help prevent a range of complications, including heart disease and stroke.
ACE inhibitors. Angiotensin II receptor blockers. Calcium channel blockers. Alpha-2 receptor agonists. Combined alpha- and beta-blockers. Central agonists.
What lifestyle changes can help lower high blood pressure? Healthy lifestyle changes can help reduce high blood pressure: Losing weight Being physically active Managing stress Reducing sodium in your diet Avoiding alcohol , tobacco , and illegal drugs Getting enough sleep What if lifestyle changes alone cannot lower blood pressure?
How do blood pressure medicines work? The most commonly used blood pressure medicines work in different ways to lower blood pressure: Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers ARBs keep your blood vessels from narrowing as much and allows blood to move through them with less pressure.
Beta blockers help your heart beat slower and with less force. This means that your heart pumps less blood through your blood vessels. Beta blockers are typically used only as a backup option or if you also have certain other conditions. Calcium channel blockers prevent calcium from entering the muscle cells of your heart and blood vessels.
This allows the blood vessels to relax. Diuretics remove extra water and sodium salt from your body. This lowers the amount of fluid in your blood. Diuretics are often used with other high blood pressure medicines, sometimes in one combined pill.
NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Start Here. Blood Pressure Medicines Centers for Disease Control and Prevention High Blood Pressure -- Medicines to Help You Food and Drug Administration What Is High Blood Pressure Medicine? American Heart Association - PDF What You Should Know about High Blood Pressure and Medications American Heart Association.
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Do not Bolod taking your blood Gluten-free baking medicine Blood pressure pills talking to your doctor or Bloood care team oressure. Many people need to take medicine in addition to making lifestyle changes to help keep their blood pressure at healthy levels. Read more about blood pressure medicines. Blood pressure medicines can work several different ways. Blood pressure medicines can keep blood pressure at a healthy level by 1 :.
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