Balancing alcohol consumption -
Studies have also shown that drinking large quantities of alcohol in one sitting or even a single drink a day can raise blood pressure. dietary guidelines define a moderate, low-health-risk alcohol intake as one drink or less per day for women and two or less for men.
That does not apply, however, to people who are pregnant, have medical conditions that can be worsened by drinking or take medications that interact with alcohol. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also provides a screening tool to help people assess their level of alcohol consumption based on individual health factors.
Estimates suggest that more than , people die from alcohol-related causes annually, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Alcohol-related deaths have climbed nationally in the past few years: The U. For people who drink several times a week and do not have alcohol dependency, even slightly reducing intake can have significant health benefits, Keyes added.
Emma Laing, director of dietetics at the University of Georgia College of Family and Consumer Sciences, said she decided to be sober in , after considering the health consequences of alcohol and a history of breast cancer in her family.
For people trying to cut down on drinking, Laing said she recommends balancing alcohol with nonalcoholic drinks, drinking slowly and consuming a meal before drinking.
She often brings her own nonalcoholic beer or wine to social gatherings, Laing said, and most bartenders are happy to make a mocktail. IE 11 is not supported. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. SKIP TO CONTENT. NBC News Logo.
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First, we collected the self-reported responses at baseline, but the participants might change their consumption behavior during follow-up. Recall bias may also exist in these self-report materials. Changes in drinking behavior, whether increasing or decreasing, and underreporting of alcohol use may affect the quality of drinking data used in this study.
All subjects in this study aged 20 years or older were recruited by the MJ Health Group, Taiwan, to participate in a standard health-screening program between and A total of 11, deaths were identified with a median follow-up period of 8. According to the previous study 25 , women were more likely than men to be former rather than current drinkers in 87 of 96 age-specific comparisons, and in the majority of age groups in 30 of the 32 countries, meaning that men are less likely to quit alcohol than women.
Take Japan as an example, the rate of former drinker in men was only 3. The period of our study is from to , and the average follow-up period was 8.
According to previous literature, the rate of drinkers who quit alcohol is not high, we speculate that the impact on the results should be limited. However, the inability to continuously track drinking status is indeed one of the main limitations of this study, and we must make improvements in future study design.
Secondly, there might be residual confounding factors in addition to the 15 confounders we controlled, such as the mental and socioeconomic status in suicide analysis. Lastly, the case numbers in certain death categories were too small, such as breast and bladder cancer, and may affect the statistical accuracy.
This study of Asians is similar to previous studies of Asian alcohol consumption, in that the effects of alcohol on Asians cannot be underestimated. The prevalence of abstainers in our study was Such a difference has no obvious explanation.
Underreporting of alcohol consumption may lead the risks to be biased toward the null hypothesis The alcohol-attributable fraction AF of all cancers was highest in the Western Pacific region around the world, with 7.
However, the opposite research indicated that modest drinking may be beneficial to health within Asia population 27 , 28 , Although there is no global consensus on alcohol consumption recommendation, countries usually have their own standards. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans —, women can drink up to 14 g of pure alcohol per day and men can drink 28 g per day.
Previous research had also indicated that the light to modest drinking could decrease the all-cause mortality 4 , However, the Korean meta-analysis proposed that mild alcohol consumption have no benefit for all-cause, cancer-related, and cardiovascular mortality Zaitsu et al.
indicated that the light to modest drinking elevated the all-cancer incidence Another Japanese pooled analysis revealed an increased dose—response relationship between alcohol and colorectal cancer incidence, and the relation was more apparent in Japanese than in Western populations These results of previous studies showed that the harm of alcohol might be greater in Asia.
Our study shows only 0. About two thirds of modest drinkers smoke, meaning that only a small percentage of people can benefit from modest drinking. Moreover, alcohol is addictive and affects judgment, making it difficult to control the amount within two drinks.
Once more than two drinks each time and three times a week, the life expectancy in males may reduced by 6. This study aims to examine the effect on different diseases of modest dirking.
The CVD benefit of modest drinking are the most frequently mentioned. Previous studies have strongly indicated that modest drinking was beneficial to CVD 13 , 14 , 15 , 35 , In contrast, Holmes et al. indicated that there were no protective effects toward CVD in low-moderate alcohol consumption group based on the Mendelian randomization analysis Our study also reveals non-significant CVD risk between modest-drinker and non-drinker Table 2.
The effect of modest drinking on CVD is still controversial. However, in terms of expanded CVD i. Consistent with our results, other studies also revealed the reduced type 2 diabetes risk among modest drinkers in both Western and Asian populations by improving the insulin sensitivity 7 , 9 , 29 , Our study proposed that the modest-drinking group has no significant effects on cancer mortality, both generally or in any particular cancer.
The effects on the different types of alcohol related cancers in previous research were still controversial 32 , 33 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , but these studies included few Asian populations or did not adjust the interaction of smoking and other confounding factors.
Previous research had similar findings of lung cancer 8 , The possible protective effects might be due to anti-carcinogenic and chemo-preventive properties of the flavonoids 45 , On the other hand, our results discover that even modest drinking significantly increased 3. The study using the most recent International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC monograph also showed that the cancers with the highest PAFs were cancers of oesophagus, pharynx, and lip and oral cavity The risks are much higher than 1.
In addition, the concurrent use of tobacco and alcohol is common and increasing over time, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged population 24 , The mortality risk of esophageal cancer is more than 5 times in modest drinkers who smoke compared to non-drinker.
This is an important issue about cancer prevention we must pay attention to. In conclusions, modest drinkers, no more than one drink a day, had benefits and could gain nearly 1 year in life expectancy, in contrast to a loss of nearly 7 years if drinking more than that. Given the reality that drinkers are prone to cross the line, clinicians should balance the risks and benefits of drinking, as well as the understanding of whether the patient is at risk for addiction.
The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the China Medical University CRREC and National Health Research Institutes ECE , Taiwan. The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board. All analyses adhered to the guidelines and regulations of the ethics committee of National Health Research Institutes.
All subjects aged 20 years or older were recruited by the MJ Health Group, Taiwan, to participate in a standard health-screening program between and Excluding individuals without drinking data, a study cohort of , individuals was established.
Participants had tests for blood, urine, body measurements, functional tests, physical examination and completed a comprehensive health history questionnaire to collect medical history and epidemiological data.
Drinking status was defined from questionnaire according to not only self-report never or occasional drinker, ex-drinker and drink alcohol three times or more a week and two or more drinks a week, the amount of alcohol each time was estimated by number of drinks.
In additions, most ex-drinkers and ex-smokers might quit because alcohol and cigarettes had led some health problems. Leisure time physical activity LTPA volume was ascertained by three multiple choice questions.
Causes of death were classified according to International Classification of Diseases, 9th version ICD Health outcome variables were all causes mortality ICD-9 codes — , all cancer ICD-9 codes — , oral cancer ICD-9 codes — , esophageal cancer ICD-9 codes , stomach cancer ICD-9 codes , colon rectum cancer ICD-9 codes — , liver cancer ICD-9 codes , pancreas cancer ICD-9 codes , lung cancer ICD-9 codes , breast cancer ICD-9 codes , prostate cancer ICD-9 codes , bladder cancer ICD-9 codes , Diabetes mellitus ICD-9 codes , cardiovascular disease CVD ICD-9 codes — , ischemic heart disease ICD-9 codes — , stroke ICD-9 codes — , respiratory system disease ICD-9 codes — , COPD ICD-9 codes — , digestive system disease ICD-9 codes — , cirrhosis ICD-9 codes , kidney disease ICD-9 codes — , accidents ICD-9 codes — and suicide ICD-9 codes — Expanded CVD was CVD plus diabetes plus kidney disease.
Using the unique national identification numbers, subjects were each matched with the National Cancer Registry and National Death File between and Informed consent was obtained to authorize the processing and analyzing of the data. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan.
A detailed description of this method has been reported earlier. Risk predictors were subjected to Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to identify significant predictors in multivariate models. HRs were calculated using Cox proportional hazards model, with adjustments made, when appropriate, for confounders.
We selected confounders based on literature that address the increase risk for drinking, with most of them similar to confounders we used in other studies 50 , HRs were adjusted for 15 confounding variables, including 2 continuous and 13 categorical variables.
Life expectancy was calculated based on Chiang LE1 for drinkers and LE2 for nondrinkers. After adjusted for age and gender, we found the odds ratio between smoking and drinking is much larger than odds ratios between BMI and drinking or physical activity and drinking.
Therefore, we performed further analysis of mortality risks by smoking status rather than other important lifestyle risk factors of health-related outcomes such as BMI or physical activity.
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Conusmption you for visiting Cranberry facial masks. You are using a browser version with consmption support for CSS. To Cranberry facial masks the consumpfion experience, we recommend you use a more up to date Balancing alcohol consumption or turn off consumptiom mode in Internet Explorer. Expert weight advice the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Modest drinking has been repeatedly discussed in scientific papers as protective against certain diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, but in most cases, alcohol worsens health conditions, especially when consumed at high risk levels. The complexity of the risk relationship between alcohol and health conditions has confused clinicians as to whether it should be recommended. The study aims to balance the risks and benefits of modest drinking. Federal government websites often aocohol Balancing alcohol consumption. Resilient energy infrastructure or. The site is secure. Balancibg people enjoy an alcoholic Cranberry facial masks or two cinsumption occasion with friends or Balancing alcohol consumption, but alcohol can be addictive. As we age, alcohol consumption can also make existing health problems worse and have dangerous interactions with some medications. Anyone at any age can develop an unhealthy reliance on alcohol. Sometimes, families, friends, and health care workers may overlook the concerns about older people drinking.
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