Download all slides. Beta-carotenw C and E lujg beta carotene supplementation and cancer risk: a Beta-carotene and lung health controlled trial. Rachet B, Siemiatycki J, Abrahamowicz M, Leffondre K. These β-carotene peroxyl radicals generated could facilitate β-carotene autoxidation and react with other molecules to produce prooxidant effects. Assistant Professor.

Beta-carotene and lung health -

population receives adequate levels of vitamin A, vitamin E and beta carotene through the foods they consume. Therefore the average healthy adult likely does not need additional supplementation to support the processes mentioned above.

The task force did not focus on other potential benefits of vitamin supplementation. Based on its review of the evidence, the expert panel concluded that beta carotene supplementation likely increases the risk of lung cancer incidence , particularly in those at high risk for lung cancer, such as people who smoke or who have occupational exposure to asbestos.

It also found a statistically significant increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease associated with beta carotene supplementation.

In one of the clinical trials reviewed by the task force for their recommendation statement, people who smoked or had workplace asbestos exposure were at increased risk of lung cancer or death from heart disease at doses of 20 and 30 milligrams per day of beta carotene. This dosage is higher than the standard recommendation for beta carotene supplementation, which ranges from 6 to 15 milligrams per day.

Antioxidants like beta carotene and vitamin E may help fight inflammation and oxidative stress, two of the primary contributors to the development of cancers and heart disease.

Oxidative stress can trigger cell damage; when this happens, cells can become cancerous. Since cancer and cardiovascular disease are the two leading causes of death in the U.

Additionally, since only 1 in 10 Americans meet the federal recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake — 1. There is strong evidence that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is beneficial to overall health and disease prevention. Researchers also suggest that this may be due in large part to their high antioxidant content.

The antioxidant dose received by eating an abundance of foods rich in beta carotene and vitamin E are not nearly as high as the doses available in supplement form. Because lutein supplement use was relatively infrequent in our study population, we decided to classify lutein supplement use as nonusers, lutein-containing multivitamin users, and individual supplement users rather than presenting information on average dose and years of use.

Although there were only 2 lung cancer cases in the individual lutein supplement use category, the respective mean and median daily doses among users were 1. Given that lutein supplements have been used only in the past 15 years and only recently at high doses, this potential risk factor for lung cancer may be more important than suggested by the present study.

We found no significant associations of supplemental lycopene with lung cancer risk in the present study. As noted above, observational studies have generally reported that dietary lycopene is associated with reduced lung cancer risk 25—30 , which is not surprising given that lycopene is a potent antioxidant 9 , There is inconsistency in the associations of carotenoids with lung cancer risk when examined separately in men and women.

In the present study, we found few differences in the results between men and women. In a report by Wright et al. In a New York State cohort, inverse associations of carotenoids with lung cancer risk were observed for men, but there were no associations for women Reasons why associations may differ by gender are not clear, although it has been suggested that, compared with men, women may be more susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoke Results also did not differ significantly when we compared current with former smokers.

Our study has several strengths. We used a comprehensive and validated instrument that captured long-term use of multivitamins and of individual and multinutrient supplements. Assessment of long-term intake during the 10 years prior to baseline allowed us to more closely investigate supplement exposure over the relevant period of lung cancer development.

Exposure and risk factor ascertainment were obtained prior to the diagnosis of cancer, and this prospective approach reduced any possibility of selection bias. We controlled for several factors that affect or modify lung cancer risk, particularly the strong effects of tobacco smoking.

The study also has some potential limitations. Response bias is a potential concern; however, in general, response bias is unlikely in a prospective study because potential participants cannot choose to take part in the study based on both supplement use and future unknown lung cancer diagnosis.

However, participants could have volunteered to enroll based jointly on a risk factor for lung cancer smoking or COPD and supplement use e.

Nonetheless, our careful control for smoking history and our evaluation of other potential confounding factors such as COPD should have appreciably minimized this bias. As with other observational studies, residual confounding is possible.

Generalizability is limited by the fact that the VITAL cohort is predominantly white and generally healthy, which is reflected in the fact that there were fewer current smokers than in the US population as a whole.

This observational epidemiologic study is one of the first to report that long-term use of individual β-carotene, retinol, and lutein supplements is associated with elevated lung cancer risk, results generally in agreement with randomized clinical trials. Although the results do not universally suggest that retinol, β-carotene, and other carotenoid supplements increase lung cancer risk, there is clearly no evidence of a protective effect.

These findings are particularly relevant to those who use the individual supplements; they suggest that long-term use of these supplements, at doses higher than in a typical multivitamin, may be harmful with regard to lung cancer risk.

Clearly, prevention of lung cancer will continue to be based largely on tobacco smoking prevention efforts. Nonetheless, in light of these findings, long-term use of individual β-carotene, retinol, and lutein supplements should not be recommended for lung cancer prevention, particularly among smokers.

Furthermore, additional studies examining the effects of supplement use on risk of lung and other cancers are warranted. Author affiliations: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Jessie A.

Satia ; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Jessie A. Satia ; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Jessie A. Satia ; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Jessie A.

Satia, Joseph A. Galanko ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Alyson Littman, Emily White ; Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington Alyson Littman ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Christopher G.

Slatore ; and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Emily White. This material is based upon work supported in part by the Office of Research and Development Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans Affairs.

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Abstract High-dose β-carotene supplementation in high-risk persons has been linked to increased lung cancer risk in clinical trials; whether effects are similar in the general population is unclear. beta carotene , carotenoids , cohort studies , dietary supplements , lung neoplasms , randomized controlled trials as topic , vitamins.

Table 1. b Adjusted for age and gender. c year average dose from multivitamins and individual supplements. d One or more first-degree relatives with lung cancer.

Open in new tab. Table 2. a Based on duration years of use of the individual single supplement. b Daily dose includes combined intakes from multivitamins and individual single supplements. d Adjusted for age, gender, years of smoking, pack-years, and pack-years squared.

e Also adjusted for fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, supplemental vitamin E use, and body mass index. Table 3. Table 4. Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention.

Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results. Google Scholar Crossref. Jump to: navigation , search. Position statement - Beta-carotene and cancer risk.

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Australian dietary guidelines. Policy context. Effective interventions. Policy priorities. Position statements. Beta-carotene β-carotene is a type of carotenoid, an important precursor to vitamin A.

Vitamin A is essential for biochemical and physiological processes in the body including vision, reproduction, cellular differentiation and immunity. β-carotene can be obtained from dark-green leafy vegetables and some not all yellow and orange coloured vegetables and fruits, as well as dietary supplements.

There appears to be a marked interaction between β-carotene, smoking and genotype. Studies have shown there is a convincing association between β-carotene supplements and an increased risk of lung cancer in current smokers. β-carotene supplements are unlikely to have a substantial effect on the risk of prostate and non-melanoma skin cancers.

However, foods containing carotenoids are associated with a probable reduced risk of lung, mouth, pharynx, and larynx cancer. Dietary β-carotene probably reduces the risk of oesophageal cancer and is unlikely to have a substantial effect on the risk of prostate and non-melanoma skin cancers.

Cancer Council supports the Australian Dietary Guidelines that recommend eating plenty of fruit and vegetables, and the population recommendation of at least two serves of fruit and five serves of vegetables daily. People should eat a wide variety of fruit and vegetables, including a range of different coloured fruit and vegetables, to obtain maximum benefits.

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Beta-carotene Bega-carotene a lunb occurring Beta-carotene and lung health that belongs to the anx of carotenoids, Beta-carotene and lung health are pigments responsible for the vibrant colors seen in fruits and vegetables. It is a Immune wellness tips of vitamin Renewable energy installations Beta-carotene and lung health is commonly found in orange-colored Beta-carootene and vegetables, such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and apricots. Observational studies have indicated a decrease in lung cancer mortality in individuals with higher levels of beta-carotene in their blood, but clinical trials have produced conflicting results. Two significant trials, namely CARET and ATBC, found that beta-carotene supplementation increased the incidence of lung cancer in heavy smokers. These unexpected findings raised concerns about the safety and effectiveness of beta-carotene supplements, particularly in high-risk populations. Further investigations have explored the potential influence of factors such as dose, duration, and source of beta-carotene supplementation.