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Caloric restriction and exercise performance -

We aimed to provide evidence of how caloric restriction affects the body composition and physical performance of trained athletes and to evaluate the possible impact of an every-other-day feeding diet on nutritional deficiencies of micronutrients and essential fatty acids.

Athletes performed a maximal exercise stress test both before and after the caloric restriction period. Blood samples were taken before and after the caloric restriction at basal conditions and 30 min post-exercise. No effects were observed in blood parameters related to iron metabolism and tissue damage, glucose levels, lipid profiles, or erythrocyte fatty acid composition.

In addition, oxidative damage markers decreased after the nutritional intervention. The caloric restriction intervention significantly reduced body weight and trunk, arm, and leg weights; it also caused a decrease in fat and lean body mass, the energy expenditure rate when performing a maximal exercise stress test, and the energy cost to run one meter at various exercise intensities.

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Download references. Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, Aspetar-Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, PO Box , Doha, Qatar. Department Human Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel VUB , Brussels, Belgium.

Fund for Scientific Research Flanders FWO , Brussels, Belgium. School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.

Correspondence to Anissa Cherif. Anissa Cherif, Bart Roelands, Romain Meeusen, and Karim Chamari declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review. Reprints and permissions. Cherif, A. et al. Effects of Intermittent Fasting, Caloric Restriction, and Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Cognitive Performance at Rest and During Exercise in Adults.

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Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Abstract The aim of this review was to highlight the potent effects of intermittent fasting on the cognitive performance of athletes at rest and during exercise.

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Material: Twenty-one male university athletes Long-term weight control Athletes caloric restriction and exercise performance submitted to anthropometrical measurements caloirc performed caloric restriction and exercise performance Special Judo Fitness Test. Values for nutrient intakes exrrcise Fasting for spiritual purposes perfotmance a 15 day food record kept during perfodmance training camp period of Weight maintenance and after a day caloric restriction. Results : caloric restriction resulted in significant decreases in body mass However, Special Judo Fitness Test index increased significantly Conclusion: Exercise and caloric restriction lead to determine the ultimate Weight and physical performance. The present study provides baseline nutritional data that can be used in the prescription of individual training programs for university judo Athletes.

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Log in Register for free. Title Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes. Authors Victoria Pons Joan Riera Xavier Capó Miquel Martorell Antoni Sureda Josep A. Tur Franchek Drobnic Antoni Pons. Publication date Publisher BioMed Central.

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: Caloric restriction and exercise performance

When Calorie Restriction in Sports Goes Too Far | Right as Rain by UW Medicine	J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Fasting for spiritual purposes. Nestle An Inst Workshop Ser. Williamson JW, McColl R, Mathews D, et al. Recommended for you. Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar Barnard ND, Bush AI, Ceccarelli A, et al.
Background	Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons , Sports Sciences Commons. Advanced Search. Search Help. Home About FAQ My Account Accessibility Statement. Privacy Copyright. Skip to main content. DigitalCommons University of Nebraska - Lincoln. My Account FAQ About Home. Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research. Attenuating the Side Effects of Caloric Restriction Through Exercise and Increased Protein Intake. Authors Jay A. First Advisor Karsten Koehler. Date of this Version Citation Petersen, J. Comments A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science, Major: Nutrition and Health Sciences, Under the Supervision of Professor Karsten Koehler. Lincoln, Nebraska: July, Copyright c Jay A. Abstract The effects of caloric restriction CR on weight loss and health outcomes are documented, but few controlled studies have addressed its effect on performance. Effects of caloric restriction on lactate blood levels and on Borg test. a Represents lactate blood concentration. b Represents Borg test results. Previous results obtained in a similar study provide evidence of the null effects of one month of training on performance parameters determined during a maximal exercise test on athletes that consumed well-balanced diets or even supplemented their diets with a functional beverage [ 9 ]. In addition, the CR via every-other-day fasting allowed for body weight to be controlled, as mainly body fat was lost, although some lean mass loss was also observed. The loss of lean body mass during weight reduction is considered a negative effect that could compromise performance [ 25 ]. Lean body mass loss during the CR via intermittent partial fasting could probably be avoided by increasing protein intake to around 2. Regardless of how they do it, athletes must aim to preserve lean body mass during weight reduction [ 24 , 25 ]. The CR led to a micronutrient and vitamin intake below RDAs for athletes, which could have compromised their exercise performance. In this sense, CR intervention programs might consider supplementing diets with vitamins and micronutrients, such as iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, folate, riboflavin, pyridoxine, and vitamins A and C. However, blood markers of nutritional status in athletes, such as those related to iron metabolism, calcium and vitamin D, glucose, markers of nitrogen handling, or those related to tissue damage, maintained the same levels before and after the intervention. This result has been observed in other trials with hypocaloric diets [ 24 ]. The low fat intake associated with the CR could alter the availability of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and lead to not meeting daily requirements. The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte is a good marker for assessing the efficacy of nutritional intervention trials in incorporating dietary fatty acids [ 21 ]. The presence of different fatty acids in the diet and lifestyle factors, such as exercise and obesity, influence the incorporation of the acids into different tissues and erythrocyte membranes [ 21 ]; the erythrocyte content of the omega-3 and omega-6 essential fatty acids were maintained or even increased after the six weeks of CR. The possible lack of fatty acid availability during six-week CR did not affect fatty acid content in erythrocyte membranes. Additionally, the CR lessened oxidative damage in plasma lipids. It has been pointed out that a CR decreases mitochondrial electron flow as well as proton leaks in mammalian cells, and attenuates muscle damage caused by intracellular reactive oxygen species [ 4 , 27 ]. We actually provide evidence that a CR reduces oxidative damage in circulating lipids and blood vessels along with reducing circulating triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The CR intervention significantly reduced body, trunk, arm, and leg weights; it mainly reduced body fat mass, but a small yet significant reduction in lean body mass was also observed. Reducing body weight is a goal for many athletes [ 25 ]. Either rapid or gradual body weight reduction techniques have been used to control body weight in athletes with varied results on physical performance. Aerobic endurance capacity decreases after rapid body weight reduction. It also causes detrimental effects in a min treadmill time-trial session in temperate conditions [ 29 ]; affects health, muscle performance, and energy; and alters perceived exertion and dynamic postural control [ 30 ]. Severe CR also results in a large reduction in body mass that appears to be mostly explained by a rapid reduction in body water stores [ 31 ]. Gradual body weight reduction via a smaller CR induces more consistent body weight losses over a CR period of more than one week. Short-term hypoenergetic weight loss programs could maintain lean body mass in young healthy athletes who have a protein intake around 2. It has been demonstrated that VO2max is increased after a body weight reduction [ 25 ]; in this sense, we have detected an improvement in physical performance markers, such as heart rate, lactate levels, fatigue perception Borg index , and the energy expenditure required to run a meter, that are not dependent exclusively on changes in total body mass [ 33 ]. Previous studies with well-balanced diets or even after one month of consuming functional beverage supplements provided no evidence suggesting that these nutritional habits have an effect on physical performance parameters such as lactate levels [ 9 ]. Additionally, we observed a decrease in lean body mass as a consequence of the CR; however, this decrease did not involve any impairment of physical performance parameters. This fact could indicate that athletes should have an ideal lean body mass in order to produce maximal physical performance. To sum up, higher muscle mass does not necessarily indicate better physical performance. Furthermore, we detected several changes in energy expenditure and in energy efficiency as a consequence of the CR; this fact could be explained by considering that CR might cause increased mitochondria efficiency [ 4 ]. Moreover, the CR reduced plasma triglycerides by Physical performance parameters, such as heart rate, lactate levels, fatigue perception Borg index , were significantly improved as a consequence of the CR, which ameliorated the onset of the anaerobic phase of exercise. Moreover, the CR decreased the energy expenditure required to run one meter and improved energy efficiency. However, when implementing a CR, a micronutrient supplement should also be considered. Bodkin NL, et al. Mortality and morbidity in laboratory-maintained rhesus monkeys and effects of long-term dietary restriction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Mattson MP, Wan R. Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. J Nutr Biochem. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Norton LE. Metabolic adaptation to weight loss: implications for the athlete. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 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The effects of dietary weight loss with or without exercise training on liver enzymes in obese metabolic syndrome subjects. Diabetes Obes Metab. Rosenbaum M, et al. Effects of experimental weight perturbation on skeletal muscle work efficiency in human subjects. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. Download references. We hereby acknowledge the PhD grant provided by the University of the Balearic Islands. Sport Nutrition and Physiology Dept, Olympic Training Center, CAR — GIRSANE, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain. Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, , Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Xavier Capó, Miquel Martorell, Antoni Sureda, Josep A. Xavier Capó, Antoni Sureda, Josep A. Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, , Concepción, Chile. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. VP, JR, XC, MM, AS, JAT, FD and AP conception and design of research; VP, JR, XC, and MM, performed experiments; VP, JR, XC, MM, AS and FD analysed data; VP and MM interpreted results of experiments; VP, JR, MM drafted manuscript; JR, AS, MM, JAT, FD and AP edited and revised manuscript; JR, XC, MM, AS, FD, JAT, and AP approved final version of manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Pons, V. et al. Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 15 , 12 Download citation.
Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes | roomroom.info	Springer Medicine. Search Search icon. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. Please log in to get access to this content. Log in Register for free. Title Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes. Authors Victoria Pons Joan Riera Xavier Capó Miquel Martorell Antoni Sureda Josep A. The athletes most likely to suffer from RED-S are those who compete in sports like distance running, ballet, gymnastics, figure skating, diving and bicycle racing. Medical complications include an increased risk of stress fractures; unhealthy cardiovascular effects that increase cardiovascular risks; increased risk of contracting a virus; and numerous hormonal and metabolic abnormalities. of the UW Medicine Sports Medicine Center at Husky Stadium. But sometimes an athlete or coach does not recognize the signs of RED-S, and the athlete continues to train through it without improving their diet. Some athletes have to give up their sport for years due to the medical and performance complications from RED-S. How can you help? But RED-S can be difficult to detect. If you notice conscious restriction of food intake, problems with body image, and a high drive for thinness, those characteristics taken together can indicate problems. Caloric restriction normalizes obesity-induced alterations on regulators of skeletal muscle growth signaling. Capo X, et al. Effects of dietary almond- and olive oil-based docosahexaenoic acid- and vitamin E-enriched beverage supplementation on athletic performance and oxidative stress markers. Food Funct. Ainsworth BE, et al. Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Farrán A, Zamora R, Cervera P. 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New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. J Physiol. Mora RJF. Soporte nutricional especial. Panamericana: Buenos Aires; Sureda A, et al. Influence of an antioxidant vitamin-enriched drink on pre- and post-exercise lymphocyte antioxidant system. Ann Nutr Metab. Martorell M, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation promotes erythrocyte antioxidant defense and reduces protein nitrosative damage in male athletes. Lepage G, Roy CC. Direct transesterification of all classes of lipids in a one-step reaction. J Lipid Res. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. Mettler S, Mitchell N, Tipton KD. Increased protein intake reduces lean body mass loss during weight loss in athletes. Fogelholm M. Effects of bodyweight reduction on sports performance. Sports Med. Dudgeon WD, Kelley EP, Scheett TP. In a single-blind, matched group design: branched-chain amino acid supplementation and resistance training maintains lean body mass during a caloric restricted diet. Rodriguez-Bies E, et al. Muscle physiology changes induced by every other day feeding and endurance exercise in mice: effects on physical performance. PLoS One. James LJ, Mears SA, Shirreffs SM. Electrolyte supplementation during severe energy restriction increases exercise capacity in the heat. Eur J Appl Physiol. Oliver SJ, et al. Jlid MC, et al. Rapid weight loss alters muscular performance and perceived exertion as well as postural control in elite wrestlers. Consolazio CF, et al. Metabolic aspects of calorie restriction: hypohydration effects on body weight and blood parameters. Am J Clin Nutr. Straznicky NE, et al. The effects of dietary weight loss with or without exercise training on liver enzymes in obese metabolic syndrome subjects. Diabetes Obes Metab. Rosenbaum M, et al. Effects of experimental weight perturbation on skeletal muscle work efficiency in human subjects. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. Download references. We hereby acknowledge the PhD grant provided by the University of the Balearic Islands. Sport Nutrition and Physiology Dept, Olympic Training Center, CAR — GIRSANE, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain. Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, , Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Xavier Capó, Miquel Martorell, Antoni Sureda, Josep A. Xavier Capó, Antoni Sureda, Josep A. Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, , Concepción, Chile. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. VP, JR, XC, MM, AS, JAT, FD and AP conception and design of research; VP, JR, XC, and MM, performed experiments; VP, JR, XC, MM, AS and FD analysed data; VP and MM interpreted results of experiments; VP, JR, MM drafted manuscript; JR, AS, MM, JAT, FD and AP edited and revised manuscript; JR, XC, MM, AS, FD, JAT, and AP approved final version of manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Pons, V. et al. Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 15 , 12 Download citation. Received : 29 September Accepted : 20 February Published : 09 March Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Download ePub. Research article Open access Published: 09 March Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes Victoria Pons 1 , Joan Riera 1 , Xavier Capó 2 , 3 , Miquel Martorell 2 , 4 , Antoni Sureda 2 , 3 , Josep A. Abstract Background Caloric restriction induces mitochondrial biogenesis and improves physical fitness in rodents. Trial registration The project was registered at ClinicalTrials. Background Reducing energy intake while maintaining nutrition, so-called caloric restriction CR , is one of the most robust interventions for increasing lifespan in a variety of species of insects and rodents, as well as in Rhesus monkeys and for inhibiting and delaying the onset of most age-related diseases [ 1 ].

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