B vitamins and liver health -
Therefore, bi-directional causal effects were observed, and instances of true bi-directional pathway might exist, and in other words, a proposed positive effect of vitamin B12 on NAFLD risk, whereas NAFLD also exerts a positive effect on vitamin B12, possibly as part of a positive feedback loop.
For patients at high risk of NAFLD, this study might indicate that the intake of vitamin B12 may be restricted because it might elevate the serum vitamin B12 concentrations, and then increase the risk of NAFLD.
However, the dysregulation in the pathways that regulate B12 metabolism may influence the serum level of vitamin B12, and the dysregulation of the metabolism of this vitamin may be the driver of higher levels of vitamin B12 in the circulation. Therefore, it does not necessarily imply that higher levels of serum vitamin B12 is due to a higher intake.
A recent randomized controlled trial indicated that vitamin B12 supplementation significantly decreased serum levels of homocysteine compared to placebo, while no significant difference was revealed in between-group comparisons for fasting blood glucose, malondialdehyde, and liver steatosis Because this study was unable to support our findings, further studies with different doses will reveal additional evidence.
In addition, new trials with dose-responsive effect of serum vitamin B12 on NAFLD still need to be explored for this finding. This MR analysis showed no association between genetic prediction of vitamin B12 concentrations and liver enzymes, which indicated that vitamin B12 was possibly unable to affect NAFLD risk through the pathways involved in liver enzymes.
Extensive research has manifested the importance of vitamin B12 status in adjusting one-carbon metabolism 56 , As is known to all, the transsulfuration pathway is a part of one-carbon metabolism, and it acts as an important role in many progress of chronic diseases and has been correlated with inflammation, oxidative stress, ER stress, insulin resistance, portal hypertension, and steatosis The relationship between the transsulfuration pathway and oxidative stress has been believed to be regulated through the adjustment of the antioxidant glutathione production.
Experimental and animal studies demonstrated that the downstream products of vitamin B12 metabolism are increased and oxidative stress, steatosis, and fibrosis develop in the liver in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice Furthermore, the lack of cystathionine β-synthase seemingly upregulates the expression of genes with regard to ER stress, hepatic lipid homeostasis, as well as genes linked to hepatic steatosis 57 , whereas knockout of cystathionine γ-lyase results in decreased hepatic lipolysis The aforementioned evidence may, to some extent, explain the possible mechanism by which vitamin B12 causes the risk of NAFLD.
Some strengths appear in the present study. The mentionable merit is MR design, which enhanced causal inference through decreasing reverse causation and residual confounding.
Employing two large population-based GWAS meta for the association between genetic prediction of vitamin B12 concentrations and NAFLD, significantly improved the statistical power and solidified our results.
Additionally, sensitivity analyses showed robust association and no unbalanced pleiotropy. Our findings were restricted to European populations and principal component analysis was adopted in the performed GWAS analyses. Thus, the population structure was possibly reduced.
However, the population confinement blocked the generalizability of the present findings to other populations. Limitations should also be mentioned when interpreting our results. As the lack of dose-responsive effect of vitamin B12 on NAFLD in this study, it is hard to apply the results of the present study to clinical practice without recommendation of a beneficial range.
PhenoScanner V2 31 was utilized to screen out the genetic instruments employed for vitamin B12 concentrations and associated with some phenotypes at the genome-wide significant level Supplementary Table S2 for the horizontal pleiotropy concern.
Even so, there probably still exist potential unobserved pleiotropic SNPs. It is worth noting that the definition of NAFLD patients was distinct between the Ghodsian et al. As previously mentioned, the associations of vitamin B12 concentrations with NAFLD may differ in populations of different ancestries.
More studies focused on individuals of non-European descent are needed in the future. Last but not least, due to the lack of sex-stratified data in this study, whether the association of genetically predicted vitamin B12 concentrations with NAFLD risk differs between men and women needs further studies.
In conclusion, the present study unraveled positive relationship between vitamin B12 concentrations and NAFLD, and elucidated bidirectional causal effects between vitamin B12 concentrations and risk of NAFLD in European individuals.
Significantly, vitamin B12 concentrations imply the levels of vitamin B12 in the circulation, and higher levels of serum vitamin B12 may not be directly caused by a higher intake, instead the dysregulation of the metabolism of this vitamin may contribute to higher levels of vitamin B12 in the circulation.
Our findings supply clinical implications, as they implicate that serum vitamin B12 may play a part in NAFLD risk. Similarly, NAFLD also has a causal impact on elevated serum vitamin B12 concentrations in the circulation. LF and Y-QH: study concept and design and drafting of the manuscript. LF, Y-QH, and YW: acquisition of data and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.
LF: analysis and interpretation of data. All authors have read and approved the final version of manuscript. This study was supported by grants to LF and Y-QH from the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants nos. We also thank all the reviewers and editors for their useful suggestions for improving this study.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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Medical News Today. Health Conditions Health Products Discover Tools Connect. Vitamin B12, folate could help treat severe nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. By Jessica Freeborn on August 12, — Fact checked by Jennifer Chesak, MSJ. Share on Pinterest Vitamins such as B12 and folate may be able to reverse some liver damage, according to new research.
Impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. B vitamins reverse liver inflammation and fibrosis in NASH. Areas for further research.
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Eating foods rich in vitamins Effective metabolism booster for liver health can help prevent and reverse certain liveg diseases, like fatty liver disease. Read our article to find out vihamins vitamins B vitamins and liver health to ilver health and vitaminns discover nutrient-dense recipes vitmins a aand liver diet. People with NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and NASH a type of NAFLD known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis have low levels of vitamin E in their blood, a result of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a damaging imbalance in the body that happens when you do not have enough antioxidants to neutralize other molecules called free radicals. This harms cells and can occur from alcohol, drugs and other factors. Vitamin E, a powerful antioxidant, helps to balance antioxidants and free radicals. Vittamins Many observational Anti-fatigue energy support evaluate B vitamins and liver health association between vitamin Vitaminss and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD. However, the causality of gitamins B vitamins and liver health remains uncertain, vitamis in European populations. We conducted livrr bidirectional Mendelian randomization study to explore the association between vitamin B12 and NAFLD. Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization study was conducted. Summary statistics for vitamin B12 were acquired from a genome-wide association studies GWAS meta-analysis including 45, subjects. Summary-level data for NAFLD was obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis of 8, cases andnon-cases and another GWAS meta-analysis of 1, cases and 17, non-cases.
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