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Respiratory SystemRespiratory health for children -
At its bottom end, the trachea divides into left and right air tubes called bronchi pronounced: BRAHN-kye , which connect to the lungs. Within the lungs, the bronchi branch into smaller bronchi and even smaller tubes called bronchioles say: BRAHN-kee-olz.
Bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli say: al-VEE-uh-lie , where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide actually takes place.
Each person has hundreds of millions of alveoli in their lungs. This network of alveoli, bronchioles, and bronchi is known as the bronchial tree.
The chest cavity, or thorax say: THOR-aks , is the airtight box that houses the bronchial tree, lungs, heart, and other structures. The chest walls form a protective cage around the lungs and other contents of the chest cavity. The top and sides of the thorax are formed by the ribs and attached muscles, and the bottom is formed by a large muscle called the diaphragm say: DYE-uh-fram.
en español: Tus pulmones y el aparato respiratorio. Medically reviewed by: KidsHealth Medical Experts. Primary Care Pediatrics at Nemours Children's Health. Listen Play Stop Volume mp3 Settings Close Player. Larger text size Large text size Regular text size. What Are the Lungs and Respiratory System?
The lungs and respiratory system allow us to breathe. They: Bring oxygen into our bodies called inspiration , or inhalation. Send carbon dioxide out called expiration , or exhalation.
This exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is called respiration. How Do the Lungs and Respiratory System Work?
The cells in our bodies need oxygen to stay alive. Does your child have shaking chills or very heavy sweating? Shaking chills are a severe, intense form of shivering. Heavy sweating means that sweat is pouring off the child or soaking through his or her clothes.
Does your child have a cough? When your child is coughing, does his or her face turn blue or purple? Has the coughing been so bad that it has made your baby vomit? Is your baby coughing up blood? Is your baby eating less than usual? Has your baby had a cough for more than 1 full day 24 hours?
Is your child coughing up mucus, phlegm say "flem" , or blood from the lungs? This is called a productive cough. Mucus or blood draining down the throat from the nose because of a cold, a nosebleed, or allergies is not the same thing. Is your child coughing up blood? How much blood is there?
Thin streaks of blood. More than just streaks. Has this been going on for more than 2 days? Has the coughing been so bad that it has made your child vomit?
Has your child had a cough for more than 2 weeks? Did the symptoms start after your child took a new medicine? Do not give your child any more of the medicine until you have talked to the child's doctor.
Does your child have a runny nose? Does your baby have trouble eating or sleeping because of a runny, stuffy nose? Is there thick, yellow drainage coming from your child's nose? Has your child had the nasal drainage for more than 2 days?
Is your child acting sicker than you would expect if he or she had a minor illness, like a cold? Does your child have a runny nose, watery eyes, and a lot of sneezing without other cold symptoms?
Have your child's symptoms lasted longer than 2 weeks? These include: Your age. Babies and older adults tend to get sicker quicker.
Your overall health. If you have a condition such as diabetes, HIV, cancer, or heart disease, you may need to pay closer attention to certain symptoms and seek care sooner.
Medicines you take. Certain medicines, such as blood thinners anticoagulants , medicines that suppress the immune system like steroids or chemotherapy, or natural health products can cause symptoms or make them worse. Recent health events , such as surgery or injury. These kinds of events can cause symptoms afterwards or make them more serious.
Your health habits and lifestyle , such as eating and exercise habits, smoking, alcohol or drug use, sexual history, and travel. Try Home Treatment You have answered all the questions. Try home treatment to relieve the symptoms.
Call your doctor if symptoms get worse or you have any concerns for example, if symptoms are not getting better as you would expect. You may need care sooner.
For example: You may feel a little out of breath but still be able to talk mild difficulty breathing , or you may be so out of breath that you cannot talk at all severe difficulty breathing.
It may be getting hard to breathe with activity mild difficulty breathing , or you may have to work very hard to breathe even when you're at rest severe difficulty breathing. For example: The child may be breathing a little faster than usual mild difficulty breathing , or the child may be having so much trouble that the nostrils are flaring and the belly is moving in and out with every breath severe difficulty breathing.
The child may seem a little out of breath but is still able to eat or talk mild difficulty breathing , or the child may be breathing so hard that he or she cannot eat or talk severe difficulty breathing. Severe trouble breathing means: The child cannot eat or talk because he or she is breathing so hard.
The child's nostrils are flaring and the belly is moving in and out with every breath. The child seems to be tiring out. The child seems very sleepy or confused. Moderate trouble breathing means: The child is breathing a lot faster than usual. The child has to take breaks from eating or talking to breathe.
The nostrils flare or the belly moves in and out at times when the child breathes. Mild trouble breathing means: The child is breathing a little faster than usual. The child seems a little out of breath but can still eat or talk.
If you're not sure if a child's fever is high, moderate, or mild, think about these issues: With a high fever : The child feels very hot. It is likely one of the highest fevers the child has ever had.
With a moderate fever : The child feels warm or hot. You are sure the child has a fever. With a mild fever : The child may feel a little warm. You think the child might have a fever, but you're not sure. Oral by mouth , ear, or rectal temperature High: 40° C ° F and higher Moderate: 38° C Armpit axillary temperature High: Some examples in children are: Diseases such as diabetes, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, and congenital heart disease.
Steroid medicines, which are used to treat a variety of conditions. Medicines taken after organ transplant. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer. Not having a spleen. Symptoms of serious illness in a baby may include the following: The baby is limp and floppy like a rag doll.
The baby doesn't respond at all to being held, touched, or talked to. The baby is hard to wake up. Symptoms of serious illness may include: A severe headache.
A stiff neck. Mental changes, such as feeling confused or much less alert. Extreme fatigue to the point where it's hard for you to function. Shaking chills. To use the bulb : Put a few saline nose drops in each side of the baby's nose before you start.
Position the baby with his or her head tilted slightly back. Squeeze the round base of the bulb. Gently insert the tip of the bulb tightly inside the baby's nose.
Release the bulb to remove suction mucus from the nose. A baby that is extremely sick : May be limp and floppy like a rag doll.
May not respond at all to being held, touched, or talked to. May be hard to wake up. A baby that is sick but not extremely sick : May be sleepier than usual. May not eat or drink as much as usual. Seek Care Now Based on your answers, you may need care right away. Call your doctor now to discuss the symptoms and arrange for care.
If you cannot reach your doctor or you don't have one, seek care in the next hour. You do not need to call an ambulance unless: You cannot travel safely either by driving yourself or by having someone else drive you.
You are in an area where heavy traffic or other problems may slow you down. Call Now Based on your answers, you need emergency care. Make an Appointment Based on your answers, the problem may not improve without medical care.
Make an appointment to see your doctor in the next 1 to 2 weeks. If appropriate, try home treatment while you are waiting for the appointment. If symptoms get worse or you have any concerns, call your doctor.
Seek Care Today Based on your answers, you may need care soon. Call your doctor today to discuss the symptoms and arrange for care.
If you cannot reach your doctor or you don't have one, seek care today. If it is evening, watch the symptoms and seek care in the morning.
If the symptoms get worse, seek care sooner. Respiratory Problems, Age 12 and Older. Self-Care Most children have 7 to 10 mild upper respiratory infections each year.
Control the room temperature. Keep the head of the bed propped up. Raise the head of your child's bed a little bit if they are older than 12 months. Don't raise the mattress. Place blocks under the frame. Prevent dehydration. Let your baby breastfeed more often, or give your baby extra bottles.
Liquids may help thin the mucus and also reduce a fever if your child has one. Don't wake up your child during naps or at night to take fluids.
Don't force your child to take fluids. This could cause your child to vomit. Give your child extra cuddling and distraction.
Let your child get extra rest to fight the infection. Don't give your child leftover antibiotics or antibiotics or other medicines prescribed for someone else. Try moist air. Treat a stuffy nose. Use saline nose drops to help with nasal congestion. Use a rubber bulb to suction the nose sparingly.
It will help reduce nasal drainage if your baby is having trouble breastfeeding or bottle-feeding or seems to be short of breath.
Babies often don't like having their noses suctioned with a rubber bulb. Don't give your child oral antihistamines or decongestants. These medicines may not be safe for children younger than age 6 or for people who have certain health problems.
Before you use them, check the label. If you do use these medicines, always follow the directions about how much to use based on age and, in some cases, weight.
You may need to check with your doctor about using these medicines. AIR PURIFIERS Main menu. AIR PURIFIERS Mod Jr. SHOP BY ROOM SIZE Small. RESOURCES FAQ: Air Purifiers. How We Compare. Getting Started with Your Purifier.
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Air enters the respiratory system Respiratory health for children the nose or the mouth. If Respiratory health for children goes fuel for swimming the heakth also called dorhealht air is warmed chilren humidified. Tiny Alpha-lipoic acid and neuropathy called cilia say: SIL-ee-uh protect the nasal passageways and other parts of the respiratory tract, filtering out dust and other particles that enter the nose through the breathed air. The two openings of the airway the nasal cavity and the mouth meet at the pharynx throat at the back of the nose and mouth. The pharynx say: FAR-inks is part of the digestive system as well as the respiratory system because it carries both food and air.
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