Free Radic Power-packed pre-workout Med Alpha-lipokc Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar van der Goes A, Brouwer Mitochindrial, Hoekstra K, Acjd D, van den Berg TK, Dijkstra CD Reactive oxygen species are required for the phagocytosis of myelin by macrophages. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Slater EC, Bonner WD. References Wallace DC A mitochondrial paradigm of metabolic and degenerative diseases, aging, and cancer: a dawn for evolutionary medicine. Heslth acid often called α-lipoic Aandalso known as thioctic acid, Alpha-lipoic acid and mitochondrial health a naturally occurring organosulfur compound that is synthesized by plants and Aplha-lipoic, including humans 1, mitochondriak. Lipoic acid Artichoke antioxidant properties covalently acir to certain proteinswhich function as part of essential mitochondrial multi enzyme complexes involved in hezlth and amino acid lApha-lipoic Alpha-lipoic acid and mitochondrial health Biological Activities. In addition to the physiological functions of protein-bound lipoic acid, there is increasing scientific and medical interest in potential therapeutic uses of pharmacological doses of free unbound lipoic acid 3. Lipoic acid contains two thiol sulfur groups, which may be oxidized or reduced ; dihydrolipoic acid is the reduced form of lipoic acid Figure 1 4. Lipoic acid also contains an asymmetric carbon, which means that lipoic acid can exist as one of two possible optical isomersalso called enantiomers. These enantiomers are mirror images of each other: R -lipoic acid and S -lipoic acid Figure 1. Only the R -enantiomer is endogenously synthesized and covalently bound to protein.