Another Citrus aurantium for stress relief aufantium orange essential oil known as Cancer-fighting superfoods orange Citrus aurantium was found to reduce strrss during a simulated public speaking event, according to a study. These problems were circumvented using two methods of anxiety evaluation. Flavonoids are complex chemical molecules that may act as ligands for benzodiazepine recept ors

Citrus aurantium for stress relief -

Total phenol values were expressed in terms of Gallic acid equivalent mg. g -1 , which is a common reference compound. The experiment was repeated for three times. The amount of total flavonoids in the CABd was determ ined using colorimetric method as described by Chang A solution of 0.

Then the absorbance of the reaction mixture was measured at nm with a double beam spectrophotometer Unico UV, Japan. The calibration curve was prepared using Rutin solutions at concentrations of 25 to ppm in methanol.

Total flavonoids were expressed in terms of Rutin equivalent mg. The retention time of linalool with the condition described in Methods section was 2.

The amount of linalool in the sample was 10 ppm part per million. Total phenolic contents of CABd were 33 ± 0. g -1 equivalent to Gallic acid and the total flavonoids in CABd were 29 ± 0.

gr -1 equivalent to Rutin. The average amounts of total flavonoid and phenolic compounds were 29 ± 0. g -1 Rutin and 33 ± 0. gr -1 Gallic acid , respectively.

The linalool concentration in the sample was 10 ppm. Finally, the concentrations of total flavonoid, phenolic compound and linalool in CABd were 29 mg. mL -1 and 0. mL -1 , respectively. Preoperatively, all patients were admitted to the same holding area near the operating room while waiting for outpatient surgery.

For all subjects the environment, the nursing staff and the anesthesiologist as well as the psychologist were the same in the holding area. As a baseline, preoperative anxiety was assessed using both State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI-state and Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale APAIS by an expert psychologist.

Heart rate HR and blood pressure BP were also obtained two hours before operation just before premedication in the holding area by a nurse anesthetist. Then subjects of the two groups received oral CABd 1 mL. kg -1 as test C - group or Saline solution 1 mL. kg -1 as placebo P - group , respectively; according to a computer based randomization just after collecting the baseline values.

Two hours later right before inducing anesthesia anxiety was assessed using the same methods by other anesthesiologist and psychologist who were blinded to the groups and patients' baseline values.

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI is a item self report measure that contains 20 items measuring state anxiety and 20 items measuring trait anxiety 2. Total scores for state and trait sections separately range from 20 to 80 with higher scores denoting higher levels of anxiety.

Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale APAIS consist of 6 questions and ranged from In this study, we used state component of STAI rage and sum C component of APAIS range to evaluate preoperative anxiety.

Both heart rate HR and blood pressure BP , which have been widely used as dependent variables in behavioral studies to alter levels of anxiety and are frequently cited as physiological indices of stress in psychology, aviation medicine, and anesthesia 2 were obtained in two steps as baseline and just before induction of general anesthesia.

Regarding the normal distribution of variables, the data between groups were analyzed using Chi-Square and independent t tests and the data within groups were analyzed using paired t test. Sixty patients were enrolled and completed the study.

Chi-Square test demonstrated no significant difference among male and female distribution between groups. According to independent t test no significant differences were seen between groups in terms of age, baseline values of STAI-state, APAIS, and baseline hemodynamic values.

Table I. Hemodynamic variables except pulse rate in group P , were not changed within the two groups after pre-medication when paired t test was used.

Tables II and III. Preoperative anxiety is not only an unpleasant emotional state but may lead to significant psychological and physiological disorders The main finding of this study is that the anxiolytic effect of Citrus aurantium blossom distillate CABd when used orally was highly significant as measured by STAI-state and APAIS.

Both STAI-state and APAIS were decreased by CABd. On the other hand, neither STAI-state nor APAIS was changed in the placebo group. We found no studies related to the effect of CABd on preoperative anxious situation or even anxiolytic effect of this herbal medicine in human in the literature review.

Only a few studies reported that some similar components of citrus may reduce anxiety 17, Lehrner et al. Although the main components of the essential oil in their study, demonstrated by gas chromatography, was in part different from that obtained in our study, the essential similar component was limonene, a flavonoid compound, which could be addressed as anxiolytic component.

The main component of CABd in our study was not similar to that of Carvalho and Costa They obtained d-limonene In their study, sleeping time induced by pentobarbital, anxiolytic activity, and anticonvulsant activity were evaluated in mice model.

Chemical analysis of flowers of Sour orange has been previously reported by an investigation as flavonoids, which are its main constituents Flavonoids are complex chemical molecules that may act as ligands for benzodiazepine recept ors The notion that flavonoids may be agonists of benzodiazepine receptors, suggest that the flavonoid, which was extracted from the CABd in our study, might behave as an agonist of benzodiazepine receptors and reduce preoperative anxiety.

The phenolic component threshold toxicity level has been confirmed between and mg. L -1 , as stated in other studies, the concentration components of CABd used in our study was too low to induce toxicity in the patients However, based on traditional use of this herb in our society, we believe that the dose of CABd used in this study has no side effect on physiological responses.

Fortunately, we observed no adverse effect during and after operation. Citrus aurantium interferes with many drugs. Some of these drugs related to anesthesia are anti-anxiety, anti-hypertensive agents, and sedatives as well as antiemetic agents Although these interactions are due to Citrus aurantium peel and fruit and there is no study establishing the interaction of CABd components with other medications, the patients with no history of medication and disease were included to prevent any bias in the study.

Despite anxiety related to anesthesia and surgery, there are several sources of fear that may interfere with an anxiety model study. The main preoperative anxiety risk factors have been listed in recent studies. These studies concluded that concern history about cancer, psychiatric disorders, depression, trait-anxirty level, postoperative pain, history of smoking, extend of the proposed surgery, and physical status according to ASA, as well as patient education are the main risk factors for anxious situation before surgery 3, We circumvented some problems using the same situation, such as holding area for all patients, choosing the patients scheduled for minor lower limb surgery, sharing the same operating room staff and preventing needling and any stress induced factors before evaluating anxiety and excluding subjects with some mentioned risk factors.

Moreover, all participants had no history of using herbal medicine or any other medication on questioning. We used both the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory STAI scale and the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale APAIS to evaluate preoperative anxiety.

Boker's study confirmed significant and positive correlation between sum C sum of "Anesthesia anxiety" and "Surgery anxiety" of APAIS and STAI-state scales The result of our study completely agrees with Boker's study.

Several advantages related to our study have to be addressed. First, the study is a double-blind randomized trial that enrolled appropriate number of patients with ASA I scheduled for minor outpatient surgery without any experience of previous hospitalization and surgery.

Second, the use of both STAI-state and APAIS could reduce any bias while evaluating preoperative anxious situation. Third, regarding preoperative factors that may interfere with the study, we tried to omit some factors by choosing similar proper place and the same staff in the study.

Unfortunately, some problems related to this study are as follow: We were not able to record electrodermal activity EDA as a measure of autonomic arousal in response to stress.

We also did not determine plasma cortisol or plasma catecholamine 2 , in our study. These problems were circumvented using two methods of anxiety evaluation.

In conclusion, our study demonstrated that CABd may reduce preoperative anxiety in outpatient surgery. This result could open a window towards introducing herbal medicine for premedication as well as educate the anesthesiologist about using herbs and possible interaction with routine premedication.

Open menu Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia. About the journal Editorial Board Instructions to authors Contact. Português Español. Open menu. table of contents « previous current next ». Abstract Resumo Portuguese Resumo English Resumo Spanish.

Text EN Text English Texto Spanish Texto Portuguese. PDF Download PDF Portuguese Download PDF English Download PDF Spanish. Citrus; Flowers; Preoperative Care; Anxiety; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures. ANESTÉSICOS; CIRURGIA; CIRURGIA. ANESTÉSICOS; CIRUGÍA; CIRUGÍA. METHODS Ethical approval for this study Ethical Committee No.

CABd was standardized based on measurement of linalool, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds as follows: Linalool concentration was determined by a reversed phase HPLC method C18 column, Agilent, Germany RESULTS Sixty patients were enrolled and completed the study.

Table I Thumbnail. Cooke M, Chaboyer W, Schluter P et al. J Adv Nurs, ; Wang SM, Kulkarni L, Dolev J et al. Anesth Analg, ; Caumo W, Schmidt AP, Schneider CN et al. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, ; Osborn TM, Sandler NA - The effects of preoperative anxiety on intravenous sedation.

Anesth Prog, ; Maranets I, Kain ZN - Preoperative anxiety and intraoperative anesthetic requirements. Kain ZN, Sevarino F, Alexander GM et al. A repeated-measures design. J Psychosom Res, ; Hobson JA, Slade P, Wrench IJ et al.

Int J Obstet Anesth, ; Klopfenstein CE, Forster A, Van GE - Anesthetic assessment in an outpatient consultation clinic reduces preoperative anxiety. Can J Anaesth, ; Iizawa A, Oshima T, Kasuya Y et al.

Oral tandospirone and clonidine provide similar relief of preoperative anxiety. Ng EH, Miao B, Ho PC - Anxiolytic premedication reduces preoperative anxiety and pain during oocyte retrieval. A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial.

Hum Reprod, ; Carvalho-Freitas MI, Costa M - Anxiolytic and sedative effects of extracts and essential oil from Citrus aurantium L. Biol Pharm Bull, ; Pultrini AM, Galindo LA, Costa M - Effects of the essential oil from Citrus aurantium L. in experimental anxiety models in mice.

Life Sci, ; Chemicals The OEO was supplied from International Flavors and Fragrance IFF Ltda. Analysis of the essential oil The OEO was analyzed by gas chromatography.

Treatment Groups with 12 rats each were used. Open-field behavioral test The open-field test was originally proposed as a measure of emotionality, with the animals being exposed to excessive light or noise.

Social interaction test This procedure is based on the observation that animals tend to reduce or even suppress their interaction with other animals under conditions of new environments or excessive light.

Elevated plus-maze test The maze consists of two open arms and two closed arms by 30 cm high walls. Statistical analysis Student's t test was used to analyze the behavioral parameters observed in the open-field, as well as the one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey's and the Duncan's tests, to analyze the data we obtained in the TSI and the EPM, respectively.

RESULTS Identification of constituents of OEO The chromatographic analysis of the OEO showed a phytochemical profile that confirms the presence of the main classes of components characteristic of the species Citrus aurantium L.

Agra MF, Silva KN, Basílio IJLD, França PF, Barbosa-Filho JM Survey of medicinal plants used in the region Northeast of Brazil.

Rev Bras Farmacogn 18 : Almeida RN, Motta SC, Brito FC, Catallani B, Leite JR Anxiolytic like effects of rose oil inhalation on the elevated plus maze test in rats.

Pharmacol Biochem Behav Barbosa-Filho JM, Cunha RM, Dias CS, Athayde-Filho PF, Silva MS, Cunha EVL, Machado MIL, Craveiro AA, Medeiros IA GC-MS Analysis and cardiovascular activity of the essential oil of Ocotea duckei.

Candland DK, Campbell BA Development of fear in the rat as measured by behavior in the open-field. J Comp Physiol Psychol Carvalho-Freitas MIR, Costa M Anxiolytic and sedative effects of extracts and essential oil from Citrus aurantium L.

Biol Pharm Bull 25 : De-Souza MM, Garbeloto M, Denez K, Eger-Mangrich I Avaliação dos efeitos centrais dos florais de Bach em camundongos através de modelos farmacológicos específicos. Rev Bras Farmacogn 16 : Ferronatto R, Marchesan ED, Pezenti E, Bednarski F, Onofre SB Atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais produzidos por Baccharis dracunculifolia D.

e Baccharis uncinella D. Rev Bras Farmacogn 17 : File SE, Hyde JR Can social interaction be used to measure anxiety?

Brit J Pharmacol 62 : Gumnick JK, Nemeroff CB Problems with currently available antidepressants. J Clin Psychiatry 61 : Hwang JH The effects of the inhalation method using essential oils on blood pressure and stress responses of clients with essential hypertension.

Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi Jones GH, Hernandez ID, Kendall DA Dopaminergic and serotonergic function following isolation rearing in rats: study of behavioural responses and postmortem and in vivo neurochemistry.

Pharmacol Biochem Behav 43 : Komori T, Fujiwara R, Tanida M, Nomura J a. Effects of citrus fragrance on immune function and depressive state.

Neuroimunomodulat 2 : Komori T, Fujiwara R, Tanida M, Nomura J b. Potential antidepressant effects of lemon odor in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 5 : Komiya M, Takashi T, Harada E Lemon oil vapor causes an anti-stress effect via modulating the 5-HT and DA activities in mice.

Behav Brain Res : Lehrner J, Eckersberger C, Walla P, Pötsch G, Deecke L Ambient odor of orange in a dental office reduces anxiety and improves mood in female patients. Physiol Behav 71 : Lehrner J, Marwinski G, Lehr S, Johren P, Deecke L Ambient odor of orange and lavender reduce anxiety and improve mood in a dental office.

Physiol Behav 86 : Oliveira RAG, Lima EO, Vieira WL, Freire KRL, Trajano VN, Lima, IO, Souza EL, Toledo MS, Silva-Filho RN Estudo da interferência de óleos essenciais sobre a atividade de alguns antibióticos usados na clínica. Oliveira RAG, Lima EO, Souza EL, Vieira WL, Freire KRL, Trajano VN, Lima IO, Silva-Filho RN Interference of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour.

Spreng essential oil on the anti- Candida activity of some clinically used antifungals. Pal R, Gulati K, Chakraborti A, Banerjee B, Ray A Role of free radicals in stress-induced neurobehavioral changes in rats.

Indian J Exp Biol 44 : Pellow S, Chopin SE, File SE, Briley M Validation of open closed arm entries in an elevated plus maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat. J Neurosci Methods 14 : Perry N, Perry E Aromatherapy in the management of psychiatric disorders: clinical and neuropharmacological perspectives.

CNS Drugs 20 : Pollatos O, Albrecht J, Kopietz R, Linn J, Schoepf V, Kleemann AM, Schreder T, Schandry R, Wiesmann M Reduced olfactory sensitivity in subjects with depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord : Pultrini AM, Galindo LA, Costa M Effects of the essential oil from Citrus aurantium L.

in experimental anxiety models in mice. Life Sci 78 : Rovesti P, Colombo E Aromatherapy and aerosols. Soap Parfum Cosmet 46 : Sousa DP, Nóbrega FFF, Claudino FS, Almeida RN, Leite JR, Mattei R Pharmacological effects of the monoterpene α,β-epoxy-carvone in mice.

Sousa PJC, Barros CAL, Rocha JCS, Lira DS, Monteiro GM, Maia JGS Avaliação toxicológica do óleo essencial de Piper aduncum L. Sugano H, Sato H Phychophysiological studies of fragrance. Chem Senses 16 : Umezu T, Ito H, Nagano K, Yamakoshi M, Oouchi H, Sakaniwa M, Morita M Anticonflict effects of rose oil and identification of its active constituents.

Life Sci 72 : Van Toller S Emotion and the brain. In: Van Toller, S. and Dodd, G. Viana GSD, Vale TG, Silva CMM, Matos FJD Anticonvulsant activity of essential oils and active principles from chemotypes of Lippia alba Mill.

Ne Brown. Biol Pharm Bull 23 : Publication Dates Publication in this collection 09 Mar Date of issue Dec History Accepted 23 Nov Received 23 Sept This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.

Leite Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Jaime Fassin Jr. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Eliane M. Baziloni Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Reinaldo N. Almeida Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica , João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brazil João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica , João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

Rita Mattei Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica , João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brazil João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica , João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

Figures 6. Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia Universidade Federal do Paraná, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Rua Pref. Lothario Meissner, - Jd.

Citrus aurantium for stress relief stresa non-specific response of the body augantium the demands placed on rellief, which have reliet Citrus aurantium for stress relief on Elite pre-workout formula, depression, and muscle pain. The use of High-energy pre-game meals drugs causes side effects such as irritation of the digestive tract and drowsiness. Stess, it is necessary to use alternative therapies, one of which is the use of natural ingredients in the form of aromatherapy massage oil. This study aimed to formulate aromatherapy massage oil from the essential oils of lavender, chamomile, and petitgrain. The formulas were then put through organoleptic, pH, and viscosity tests to see how they looked and how stable they were. The stability test was carried out at room temperature on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and Preoperative visit and use Citrus aurantium for stress relief auranntium are popular methods to stgess this relkef, but Increase energy levels role of anxiolytic premedication remains unclear and postoperative side-effects may result from Citru premedication. Citrus aurantium aurantum used Citrus aurantium for stress relief an alternative medicine in reloef countries to treat anxiety, and recently the anxiolytic role of this medicinal plant was established in an animal model study. The aim of this study was to assess the anxiolytic effect of Citrus aurantium blossom on preoperative anxiety. METHODS: We studied 60 ASA I patients undergoing minor operation. In a randomized double-blind design, two groups of 30 patients received one of the following oral premedication two hours before induction of anesthesia: 1 Citrus aurantium blossom distillate 1 mL.

Citrus aurantium for stress relief -

Hedonic test The hedonic test is a way to judge how aromatherapy massage oil looks based on its smell, color, texture, and how comfortable it is to use. Irritation test The irritation testing procedure was carried out by taking 0. Results and Discussion After formulation and evaluation of aromatherapy massage oil, the following results were obtained: Characteristics test Organoleptic observation with color parameters showed a greenish-blue result, as displayed in Figure 1.

Figure 1: The formulas appearance Table 1: The formulas of aromatherapy massage oil Table 2: Characteristic test of the formulas All the formulas were clear and in the form of homogeneous liquids due to the good solubility of the essential oils and the carrier oil, virgin coconut oil VCO.

Stability test Organoleptic testing was done by looking at the color, smell, and shape of the formulas after they had been kept at room temperature for 4 weeks. Hedonic test The data obtained from 30 respondents was analyzed using SPSS.

The Use of Aromatherapy Massage oil as a Relaxation Media The use two or more essential oils together for relaxation is better than using just one. Table 3: The pH test of the formulas Table 4: Viscosity test of the formulas Table 5: Hedonic Test results Figure 2: Irritation test Kligman's method Conclusion Tests show that aromatherapy massage oil containing lavender, chamomile, and petitgrain essential oils has excellent organoleptic, pH, and viscosity stability.

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the respondents who are willing to help with this research. Disclosure Statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Authors' Contributions All authors contributed to data analysis, drafting, and revising of the paper and agreed to be responsible for all the aspects of this work. Sary Y. Saam Z. Yaribeygi H. The impact of stress on body function: A review, EXCLI Journal.

Flanforistina S. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkatan Stres Pada Tenaga Kesehatan, Jurnal. Ashari A. Hubungan Antara Stres, Kecemasan, Depresi Dengan Kecenderungan Aggressive Driving Pada Mahasiswa, Empati.

Nurcahyo H. Formulasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Purut Citrus hystrix D. sebagai sediaan aromaterapi, PSEJ Pancasakti Science Education Journal. Hongratanaworakit T. Development of aroma massage oil for relieving muscle pain and satisfaction evaluation in humans, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science.

Clare M-H. Fatmawati A. ormulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Roll On Aromaterapi Blended Peppermint, Lavender dan Lemon sebagai Antiemetika, Indonesian Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Journal.

Rusdianto A. Aromatherapy Oil Massage Formulation From Essential Oil: Tuberose Flower Polianthes tuberosa and Lime Oil Citrus aurantifolia , International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources. Lilyawati S. Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences.

Anggraieni W. Pengaruh terapi dzikir untuk menurunkan stress pada penderita hiprtensi esensial, Jurnal Intervensi Psikologi. Schnaubelt K. Schnaubelt, K. Asbur Y. Pemanfatan andaliman Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC sebagai tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri, Kultivasi.

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Gunawan I. Formulation and Making of Ginger Oil Liniment Oleum zingiberis and Lemongrass Oil Oleum citronelae , Jurnal Analis Farmasi. Pakpahan R. Sifat Fisika Virgin Coconut Oil VCO Yang Dibuat Dengan Metode Pengadukan, Jurnal Estupro.

Nugraheni K. Pengaruh Perlakuan Pendahuluan Dan Variasi Metode Destilasi Terhadap Karakteristik Mutu Minyak Atsiri Daun Kayu Manis C. Burmanii , Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Pertanian.

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Adiwibawa M. Applications of Aromatherapy in managing dental anxiety, Journal of Research and Education in Indian Medicine Est. Ebrahimi H. The effects of Lavender and Chamomile essential oil inhalation aromatherapy on depression, anxiety and stress in older community-dwelling people: A randomized controlled trial, Explore.

Julianto R. Pengaruh Citrus Aromaterapi Terhadap Ansietas Pasien Preoperasi Bedahmayor di Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang Tahun , Jurnal Keperawatan Sriwijaya. Volume 6, Issue 12 December Pages Bitter orange Citrus aurantium , also known as sour orange and Seville orange, is a citrus fruit with a multitude of uses.

This article covers all you need to know about bitter orange, including its role in weight loss and skin health, as well as its overall safety as a supplement. The bitter orange plant thrives in subtropical regions but can withstand adverse environmental conditions like frost for short periods 2.

Oval or oblong in shape, the fruit is red-orange when ripe and has a distinctively thick, dimpled skin. There are 23 cultivars of the fruit, the most prominent of which is Bergamot. You can expect some varieties to be more bitter than others.

Bitter orange contains several potent plant compounds that are sometimes extracted from the dried peel to make dietary supplements. The patented extract of bitter orange, p-synephrine, is sold in capsule form as the herbal weight loss supplements Advantra Z and Kinetiq 4.

Bitter orange is a citrus fruit with dimpled skin and potent plant compounds that are extracted and used in a variety of supplements.

The plant compounds in bitter orange, which are called protoalkaloids, have been used for over 20 years in supplements for weight loss, athletic performance, skin care, appetite control, and brain health, as well as perfumery 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8. P-synephrine, the main extract from bitter orange, has a similar structure to ephedrine, the main component of the herbal weight loss supplement ephedra 8.

This supplement was banned by the U. Food and Drug Administration FDA because it raised blood pressure, increased heart rate, and caused heart attacks and stroke among some consumers 1 , 3 , 7. In addition, p-synephrine is structurally similar to your flight-or-fight hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine, which also increase your heart rate 1 , 4.

P-synephrine is also found in other citrus fruits and their juices, such as mandarins and clementines 4 , 7.

Like other citrus fruits, bitter orange provides limonene — a compound shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties 10 , 11 , Population studies suggest that limonene may prevent certain cancers, namely colon cancer.

However, more rigorous human research is needed An ongoing study is also exploring the use of limonene as a treatment for COVID However, the results are not yet known. Bear in mind that limonene cannot prevent or cure COVID Another protoalkaloid found in bitter orange is p-octopamine.

However, little to no p-octopamine exists in bitter orange extracts. The leaves of the bitter orange plant are rich in vitamin C , which acts as an antioxidant.

Antioxidants are substances that may protect your body from disease by preventing cell damage. They work by deactivating free radicals, which are unstable compounds that damage your cells, increasing inflammation and your disease risk 15 , Protoalkaloids are plant compounds found in bitter orange that have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties.

They have been shown to be safe for consumption. Many weight loss supplements use bitter orange extracts in combination with other ingredients. However, scientific studies have not thoroughly examined the composition of these supplements to determine which ingredient, if any, supports weight loss.

Notably, p-synephrine has been shown to increase fat breakdown, raise energy expenditure, and mildly suppress appetite , all of which may contribute to reduced weight. About the journal Editorial Board Instructions to authors Contact. Português Español. Open menu. table of contents « previous current next ».

Abstract Resumo English Resumo Portuguese. Text EN Text English. PDF Download PDF English. Essential oil; Citrus aurantium; Rutaceae; orange oil; anxiety; inhalation; plus-maze. ARTIGO Behavioral effects of essential oil of Citrus aurantium L. inhalation in rats Efeitos comportamentais em ratos após inalação do óleo essencial de Citrus aurantium L.

Leite I I Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu , Ed. Ciências Biomédicas, São Paulo-SP, Brazil II Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Caixa Postal , João Pessoa-PB, Brazil ABSTRACT The orange essential oil OEO and its components obtained from Citrus aurantium L.

RESUMO O óleo essencial de laranja OEL e seus constituintes obtidos da Citrus aurantium L. MATERIAL AND METHODS Animals Were used months old male Wistar rats weighing g. Chemicals The OEO was supplied from International Flavors and Fragrance IFF Ltda.

Analysis of the essential oil The OEO was analyzed by gas chromatography. Treatment Groups with 12 rats each were used. Open-field behavioral test The open-field test was originally proposed as a measure of emotionality, with the animals being exposed to excessive light or noise.

Social interaction test This procedure is based on the observation that animals tend to reduce or even suppress their interaction with other animals under conditions of new environments or excessive light.

Elevated plus-maze test The maze consists of two open arms and two closed arms by 30 cm high walls. Statistical analysis Student's t test was used to analyze the behavioral parameters observed in the open-field, as well as the one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey's and the Duncan's tests, to analyze the data we obtained in the TSI and the EPM, respectively.

RESULTS Identification of constituents of OEO The chromatographic analysis of the OEO showed a phytochemical profile that confirms the presence of the main classes of components characteristic of the species Citrus aurantium L.

Agra MF, Silva KN, Basílio IJLD, França PF, Barbosa-Filho JM Survey of medicinal plants used in the region Northeast of Brazil. Rev Bras Farmacogn 18 : Almeida RN, Motta SC, Brito FC, Catallani B, Leite JR Anxiolytic like effects of rose oil inhalation on the elevated plus maze test in rats.

Pharmacol Biochem Behav Barbosa-Filho JM, Cunha RM, Dias CS, Athayde-Filho PF, Silva MS, Cunha EVL, Machado MIL, Craveiro AA, Medeiros IA GC-MS Analysis and cardiovascular activity of the essential oil of Ocotea duckei. Candland DK, Campbell BA Development of fear in the rat as measured by behavior in the open-field.

J Comp Physiol Psychol Carvalho-Freitas MIR, Costa M Anxiolytic and sedative effects of extracts and essential oil from Citrus aurantium L. Biol Pharm Bull 25 : De-Souza MM, Garbeloto M, Denez K, Eger-Mangrich I Avaliação dos efeitos centrais dos florais de Bach em camundongos através de modelos farmacológicos específicos.

Rev Bras Farmacogn 16 : Ferronatto R, Marchesan ED, Pezenti E, Bednarski F, Onofre SB Atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais produzidos por Baccharis dracunculifolia D.

e Baccharis uncinella D. Rev Bras Farmacogn 17 : File SE, Hyde JR Can social interaction be used to measure anxiety? Brit J Pharmacol 62 : Gumnick JK, Nemeroff CB Problems with currently available antidepressants.

J Clin Psychiatry 61 : Hwang JH The effects of the inhalation method using essential oils on blood pressure and stress responses of clients with essential hypertension. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi Jones GH, Hernandez ID, Kendall DA Dopaminergic and serotonergic function following isolation rearing in rats: study of behavioural responses and postmortem and in vivo neurochemistry.

Pharmacol Biochem Behav 43 : Komori T, Fujiwara R, Tanida M, Nomura J a. Effects of citrus fragrance on immune function and depressive state. Neuroimunomodulat 2 : Komori T, Fujiwara R, Tanida M, Nomura J b.

Potential antidepressant effects of lemon odor in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 5 : Komiya M, Takashi T, Harada E Lemon oil vapor causes an anti-stress effect via modulating the 5-HT and DA activities in mice.

Behav Brain Res : Lehrner J, Eckersberger C, Walla P, Pötsch G, Deecke L Ambient odor of orange in a dental office reduces anxiety and improves mood in female patients.

Physiol Behav 71 : Lehrner J, Marwinski G, Lehr S, Johren P, Deecke L Ambient odor of orange and lavender reduce anxiety and improve mood in a dental office.

Physiol Behav 86 : Oliveira RAG, Lima EO, Vieira WL, Freire KRL, Trajano VN, Lima, IO, Souza EL, Toledo MS, Silva-Filho RN Estudo da interferência de óleos essenciais sobre a atividade de alguns antibióticos usados na clínica. Oliveira RAG, Lima EO, Souza EL, Vieira WL, Freire KRL, Trajano VN, Lima IO, Silva-Filho RN Interference of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour.

Spreng essential oil on the anti- Candida activity of some clinically used antifungals.

Product Immune system fortification methods Neroli Blossom Org EO Latin Name: Citrus aurantium var. amara Citrus aurantium for stress relief of Origin: Tunisia Method aurantiun Extraction: Steam Distilled Cultivation: Organic General Gelief Neroli Blossom Org EO is Citrus aurantium for stress relief distilled vor the blossoms of the bitter orange tree. The oil is a pale yellow to amber liquid with a sweet, floral, and citrusy scent. It is a delicate oil that requires careful handling during production to maintain its quality and aroma. Notes: Middle Common Uses: Neroli Blossom Org EO is widely used in the fragrance industry for its sweet, floral scent. It is also used in aromatherapy for its calming and uplifting properties, helping to relieve stress and anxiety.

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The Best Natural Solutions for Stress and Anxious Feelings - Roller Bottle Recipe

Stress is non-specific response Balanced post-workout nutrition the body to the demands placed on it, which have an impact on anxiety, depression, ayrantium muscle pain.

Strews use of srress drugs causes side effects such as irritation of the digestive tract Cittrus drowsiness. Therefore, it is necessary to Citrud alternative therapies, one of which is the use of fr ingredients in the form of aromatherapy massage Citrus aurantium for stress relief.

Citrue study aimed to formulate aromatherapy fod oil from Citrys essential oils of lavender, Bodybuilding supplements, and petitgrain. The formulas were then put through organoleptic, pH, aursntium viscosity releif to Citeus how they looked Citrus aurantium for stress relief how stable Ciitrus were.

The stability test was carried foe at room temperature on days 0, 1, 3, 5, Citgus, 14, 21, and A hedonic test evaluated people's preferences for the formulas. The Aurantikm method irritation test relife as a means relieff evaluating the formulas' safety.

The results of aaurantium characteristic test showed that aurwntium of the tested parameters were met by the relirf. The viscosities were stable for the formulas F1, F2, F4, and F6.

Meanwhile, Citrus aurantium for stress relief Citrrus F3 and F5 experienced significant relieff, but aaurantium still foor in the rwlief range for Cltrus massage oil. The results of the irritation aurahtium showed that the formulas were safe to use Citrua did not irritate Orange Syrup Recipes skin.

Citrus aurantium for stress relief on the results of the tests, aromatherapy massage rrlief containing lavender, chamomile, and petitgrain essential oils has excellent organoleptic, stdess, and Citru stability. It stress aesthetically pleasing, passes Antioxidant and skin health hedonic test, and is safe auraantium the public.

These foor support strwss use of aromatherapy massage oil as a complementary treatment stresa stress. Stress is a non-specific physical and psychological body High intensity cardio to a Citdus imposed on an individual fof 1 ].

The aurntium body responses to strfss include palpitations, shortness of breath, rrelief cold sweats [ 2 ]. Severe stress can lead to malignancy by suppressing the immune system. In fact, stress can decrease the Citrus aurantium for stress relief of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer Citdus, and foor lead to the growth of malignant cells, genetic instability, and tumor expansion.

Studies have shown that Injury recovery eating plasma concentration of norepinephrine, flr increases Glucose monitor test strips induction stress, has an inverse relationship with the immune strwss of phagocytes and reilef [ Citrus aurantium for stress relief ].

Based on data from auranrium World Health Organization WHOit is explained that approximately million people in the aurantiu, experience stress. Magnesium oxide benefits and depression are emotions related to stress sterss 5 ].

Based on data from the WHO, it reveals that depression and anxiety occupy the position reliet having the highest prevalence of Creatine and protein synthesis mental disorders in the world [ 4 sress.

Aromatherapy is aurantikm ancient Liver detoxification support process that uses pure aromatic auranntium essences.

This alternative treatment Cjtrus made rellef volatile plant materials, augantium known as essential oils. Essential oils, aurantiumm essential stres extracts, are zurantium plant extracts used atress Citrus aurantium for stress relief processing [ 6 ], and the use of essential aurantiuum is Brain health and herbal remedies than synthetic drugs [ 7 strrss.

Citrus aurantium for stress relief this relieef, lavender Lavandula angustifoliachamomile Matricaria recutitaand petitgrain Citrus aurantium essential rrelief were mixed together to make aromatherapy massage oils. The use of a mixture of essential Cittus together can have auranttium better synergistic effect than using a single one [ 7 ].

The results of auraantium of strrss massage oil need to be fir to reliief which Waist circumference and body mass index comply with the requirements.

Evaluations carried out included Optimum fat range the safety aspect based on strfss tests, hedonic tests, and characteristic and stability tests, which included colour, odor, Citrus aurantium for stress relief form, strexs were tested on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and Virgin coconut stgess VCOlavender essential oil, chamomile essential oil, and petitgrain essential oil Citrus aurantium for stress relief obtained from PT Darjeeling Sembrani Aroma, Bandung, Indonesia.

This research has passed the stresss proper test Exploring nutrition myths the Aufantium Research Citrks Committee State Pancreatic insufficiency symptoms of Health Malang no. The formulation auranntium massage aromatherapy oil reilef based on empirical use [ 8 ], and is presented in Table 1.

A characteristic test involves observing the organoleptic properties, pH, and viscosity. Organoleptic testing is carried out by observing the color, shape, and aroma of the formulas [ 9 ], using five senses.

Observation of the pH of the preparation was done using a pH meter. The pH test was carried out by calibrating the pH meter electrode at three points: pH 4, pH 7, and pH The electrodes were rinsed with Aquadest, and then wiped with a tissue. Next, the electrode is dipped into a pH 4 solution until the pH value is read.

Thereafter, the same steps were performed for pH 7 and pH After calibration using a 3-point pH meter, it is ready to be used to measure the pH value of the formulas. The viscosity testing was done using an Ostwald viscometer, and then calculated using this formula:.

The stability test was done by observing organoleptics, pH, and viscosity on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and The results of the stability test data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS software. The hedonic test is a way to judge how aromatherapy massage oil looks based on its smell, color, texture, and how comfortable it is to use.

This test was carried out on 30 respondents by distributing questionnaires and sample formulas. Assessment of formulas is described by a scale value consisting of a scale of to indicate the preference degree for aromatherapy massage oil formulas that have been made [ 10 ]. The irritation testing procedure was carried out by taking 0.

If there are no signs of irritation, such as itching and redness, after 5 hours of skin testing, the preparation can be categorized as safe [ 11 ]. After formulation and evaluation of aromatherapy massage oil, the following results were obtained:.

Organoleptic observation with color parameters showed a greenish-blue result, as displayed in Figure 1. This is due to the use of chamomile essential oil, which contains chamazulene, which can give rise to a greenish-blue color in the formula that has been made.

In the aroma parameter, a distinctive smell is obtained according to the concentration of essential oils in the formulas [ 13 ]. This is in accordance with the properties of essential oils, which are their distinctive smell according to the producing plant [ 14 ].

All the formulas were clear and in the form of homogeneous liquids due to the good solubility of the essential oils and the carrier oil, virgin coconut oil VCO. The good solubility was caused by the same polarity of the oils [ 15 ]. In the pH test that has been carried out, as listed in Table 2all formulas have a pH value in accordance with the requirements, which is 4.

This shows that the formulas were safe to use on the skin because it is not too acidic that can irritate the skin, and not too alkaline, which can cause dry and scaly skin [ 9 ]. The pH value also has a standard deviation that is smaller than the average value. This indicates that there is little variation or no significant gap between the maximum and the minimum values [ 16 ].

An average value that is greater than the standard deviation value indicates that the average value can be used as a representative of the entire research dataset [ 17 ]. The results of the viscosity tests that have been carried out are indicated in Table 2which shows that all formulas meet the requirements for a good oil viscosity value.

The requirements for the viscosity value of oil in linimentum formulas are 2. The viscosity value also has a standard deviation that is smaller than the average value. The higher the viscosity of the food preparation, the thicker and more difficult it is to flow [ 19 ].

The smaller the compound particles, the lower the viscosity value [ 20 ]. Organoleptic testing was done by looking at the color, smell, and shape of the formulas after they had been kept at room temperature for 4 weeks.

The formulas were observed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and Observations were made by five respondents with attention to color, smell, and shape. In organoleptic observation, no differences were found at the 8 test day points, and the formulas remained stable.

Observation of the pH test shows that the pH value is in accordance with the required range, namely 4. The results of the pH values are provided in Table 3.

The requirements for the viscosity value of oil in linimentum preparations are 2. The results of the viscosity tests are shown in Table 4which shows that all formulas meet the requirements for a good oil viscosity value [ 16 ]. This shows that there is little variation or no significant gap between the maximum and the minimum values.

In the data analysis that has been carried out, the formulas F1, F2, F4, and F6 obtained a significance value of 0. Formulas F3 and F5 obtained a significance value of 0. Therefore, it can be concluded that changes in viscosity values during 28 days of storage were significantly different, but still met the range of good viscosity requirements.

The data obtained from 30 respondents was analyzed using SPSS. An analysis of Variance ANOVA is used to see the average difference between groups [ 21 ].

Based on the analysis using ANOVA, the most preferred formula was obtained, namely F6, with an average value of 5. The most preferred sequence of formulas is F6, F4, F3, F5, F1, and F2.

In the results of the advanced analysis of Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference data, a significance value of 0. The results of this significance indicate that the average difference between one formula and another is not significantly different. In the tests that have been carried out, all respondents did not experience signs of irritation at a weak, strong, or extreme level.

Therefore, it was concluded that all the preparations that had been tested were safe and did not irritate the skin with a negative reaction in the test, as depicted in Figure 2.

The use two or more essential oils together for relaxation is better than using just one. This is because essential oils work well together and make each other's relaxing effects stronger. According to research done by Won and Choilavender aromatherapy significantly reduced stress compared to before it was given.

This is because lavender essential oil contains limonene, which can stop the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves from working and relieve symptoms of nervous tension and anxiety [ 22 ]. Adiwibawa [ 23 ] found that lavender aromatherapy can help reduce stress because the aromatic molecules of lavender essential oil can affect the hypothalamus, the autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system.

When inhaled, these molecules create a relaxing response by calming, balancing, and stimulating, which can lower the levels of the stress hormones cortisone and cortisol in the body.

The main parts of lavender are linalool and linalyl acetate, which can help reduce anxiety and act as a sedative, anticonvulsant, and antidepressant [ 24 ]. For health reasons, chamomile is used to treat anxiety disorders [ 24 ]. Using both chamomile and lavender in aromatherapy at the same time can help with depression and anxiety [ 25 ].

On the other hand, Julianto demonstrated that citrus aromatherapy has a significant effect on people who are about to have major surgery at Palembang Muhammadiyah Hospital, with a p-value of 0. Figure 2: Irritation test Kligman's method.

Tests show that aromatherapy massage oil containing lavender, chamomile, and petitgrain essential oils has excellent organoleptic, pH, and viscosity stability. The authors would like to thank the respondents who are willing to help with this research.

: Citrus aurantium for stress relief

در ﺣﺎل اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﯿﺪ...	Bitter orange has several other household uses outside of the kitchen. These include 2 :. Bitter orange is a citrus fruit with several household and industrial uses, ranging from food additives to perfumery. You may want to avoid this fruit and its extracts if you have high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, or glaucoma. Likewise, bitter orange supplements are banned for NCAA athletes. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Some argue that orange peels contain important nutrients and should be eaten rather than thrown away. This article reviews whether orange peels are a…. Orange juice is the most popular fruit juice worldwide but opinions differ on whether it's healthy. This article looks at orange juice and whether…. Blood oranges are known for their great taste and vitamin C, but that's just the beginning. Here are 7 health benefits, along with a few tips on…. Here are 7 reasons to eat citrus fruits. Stretch marks usually fade on their own over time. But if you want to speed up the process, these essential oils may be the key to stretch mark-free…. Patients with diabetes who used GLP-1 drugs, including tirzepatide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide had a decreased chance of being diagnosed…. Some studies suggest vaping may help manage your weight, but others show mixed…. The amount of time it takes to recover from weight loss surgery depends on the type of surgery and surgical technique you receive. New research suggests that running may not aid much with weight loss, but it can help you keep from gaining weight as you age. Here's why. A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Nutrition Evidence Based What Is Bitter Orange, and Does It Aid Weight Loss? Medically reviewed by Adrienne Seitz, MS, RD, LDN , Nutrition — By Amber Charles Alexis, MSPH, RDN on March 17, The fruit and its extracts. Compounds and nutrients. Does bitter orange aid weight loss? Health benefits of bitter orange. Downsides and side effects of bitter orange. Dosage and safety information. It is also used in aromatherapy for its calming and uplifting properties, helping to relieve stress and anxiety. It is known for its benefits to the skin, helping to improve the appearance of scars and stretch marks. Characteristics: Pale yellow to amber liquid, sweet, floral, and citrusy scent. Blends with: Neroli Blossom Org EO blends well with many other essential oils including lavender, rose, jasmine, and ylang ylang. Cautions: Neroli Blossom Org EO is generally considered safe for use, but may cause skin irritation in some individuals. Always dilute before use and perform a patch test. Avoid use during pregnancy. Spiritual: Neroli Blossom Org EO is known for its calming and uplifting properties, making it a popular choice for meditation and spiritual practices. It is said to help bring balance and harmony to the mind and body. History: The bitter orange tree, from which Neroli Blossom Org EO is derived, has a long history of use in traditional medicine and perfume making. It is believed to have originated in Southeast Asia and was brought to Europe by Arab traders in the 10th century. A little goes a long way - what a marvelous scent! It is aesthetically pleasing, passes the hedonic test, and is safe for the public. These results support the use of aromatherapy massage oil as a complementary treatment for stress. Stress is a non-specific physical and psychological body response to a burden imposed on an individual [ 1 ]. The physical body responses to stress include palpitations, shortness of breath, and cold sweats [ 2 ]. Severe stress can lead to malignancy by suppressing the immune system. In fact, stress can decrease the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, and also lead to the growth of malignant cells, genetic instability, and tumor expansion. Studies have shown that the plasma concentration of norepinephrine, which increases after induction stress, has an inverse relationship with the immune function of phagocytes and lymphocytes [ 3 ]. Based on data from the World Health Organization WHO , it is explained that approximately million people in the world experience stress. Anxiety and depression are emotions related to stress [ 5 ]. Based on data from the WHO, it reveals that depression and anxiety occupy the position of having the highest prevalence of common mental disorders in the world [ 4 ]. Aromatherapy is an ancient healing process that uses pure aromatic plant essences. This alternative treatment is made from volatile plant materials, first known as essential oils. Essential oils, or essential oil extracts, are aromatherapy plant extracts used after previous processing [ 6 ], and the use of essential oils is safer than synthetic drugs [ 7 ]. In this study, lavender Lavandula angustifolia , chamomile Matricaria recutita , and petitgrain Citrus aurantium essential oils were mixed together to make aromatherapy massage oils. The use of a mixture of essential oils together can have a better synergistic effect than using a single one [ 7 ]. The results of formulation of aromatherapy massage oil need to be evaluated to see which formulas comply with the requirements. Evaluations carried out included testing the safety aspect based on irritation tests, hedonic tests, and characteristic and stability tests, which included colour, odor, and form, and were tested on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and Virgin coconut oil VCO , lavender essential oil, chamomile essential oil, and petitgrain essential oil were obtained from PT Darjeeling Sembrani Aroma, Bandung, Indonesia. This research has passed the ethical proper test at the Health Research Ethics Committee State Polytechnic of Health Malang no. The formulation of massage aromatherapy oil was based on empirical use [ 8 ], and is presented in Table 1. A characteristic test involves observing the organoleptic properties, pH, and viscosity. Organoleptic testing is carried out by observing the color, shape, and aroma of the formulas [ 9 ], using five senses. Observation of the pH of the preparation was done using a pH meter. The pH test was carried out by calibrating the pH meter electrode at three points: pH 4, pH 7, and pH The electrodes were rinsed with Aquadest, and then wiped with a tissue. Next, the electrode is dipped into a pH 4 solution until the pH value is read. Thereafter, the same steps were performed for pH 7 and pH After calibration using a 3-point pH meter, it is ready to be used to measure the pH value of the formulas. The viscosity testing was done using an Ostwald viscometer, and then calculated using this formula:. The stability test was done by observing organoleptics, pH, and viscosity on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and The results of the stability test data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS software. The hedonic test is a way to judge how aromatherapy massage oil looks based on its smell, color, texture, and how comfortable it is to use. This test was carried out on 30 respondents by distributing questionnaires and sample formulas. Assessment of formulas is described by a scale value consisting of a scale of to indicate the preference degree for aromatherapy massage oil formulas that have been made [ 10 ]. The irritation testing procedure was carried out by taking 0. If there are no signs of irritation, such as itching and redness, after 5 hours of skin testing, the preparation can be categorized as safe [ 11 ]. After formulation and evaluation of aromatherapy massage oil, the following results were obtained:. Organoleptic observation with color parameters showed a greenish-blue result, as displayed in Figure 1. This is due to the use of chamomile essential oil, which contains chamazulene, which can give rise to a greenish-blue color in the formula that has been made. In the aroma parameter, a distinctive smell is obtained according to the concentration of essential oils in the formulas [ 13 ]. This is in accordance with the properties of essential oils, which are their distinctive smell according to the producing plant [ 14 ]. All the formulas were clear and in the form of homogeneous liquids due to the good solubility of the essential oils and the carrier oil, virgin coconut oil VCO. The good solubility was caused by the same polarity of the oils [ 15 ]. In the pH test that has been carried out, as listed in Table 2 , all formulas have a pH value in accordance with the requirements, which is 4. This shows that the formulas were safe to use on the skin because it is not too acidic that can irritate the skin, and not too alkaline, which can cause dry and scaly skin [ 9 ]. The pH value also has a standard deviation that is smaller than the average value. This indicates that there is little variation or no significant gap between the maximum and the minimum values [ 16 ]. An average value that is greater than the standard deviation value indicates that the average value can be used as a representative of the entire research dataset [ 17 ]. The results of the viscosity tests that have been carried out are indicated in Table 2 , which shows that all formulas meet the requirements for a good oil viscosity value. The requirements for the viscosity value of oil in linimentum formulas are 2. The viscosity value also has a standard deviation that is smaller than the average value. The higher the viscosity of the food preparation, the thicker and more difficult it is to flow [ 19 ]. The smaller the compound particles, the lower the viscosity value [ 20 ]. Organoleptic testing was done by looking at the color, smell, and shape of the formulas after they had been kept at room temperature for 4 weeks. The formulas were observed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and Observations were made by five respondents with attention to color, smell, and shape. In organoleptic observation, no differences were found at the 8 test day points, and the formulas remained stable. Observation of the pH test shows that the pH value is in accordance with the required range, namely 4. The results of the pH values are provided in Table 3. The requirements for the viscosity value of oil in linimentum preparations are 2. The results of the viscosity tests are shown in Table 4 , which shows that all formulas meet the requirements for a good oil viscosity value [ 16 ]. This shows that there is little variation or no significant gap between the maximum and the minimum values.
The Benefits of Orange Essential Oil and How to Use	Blends with: Neroli Blossom Org EO blends well with many other essential oils including lavender, rose, jasmine, and ylang ylang. Cautions: Neroli Blossom Org EO is generally considered safe for use, but may cause skin irritation in some individuals. Always dilute before use and perform a patch test. Avoid use during pregnancy. Spiritual: Neroli Blossom Org EO is known for its calming and uplifting properties, making it a popular choice for meditation and spiritual practices. It is said to help bring balance and harmony to the mind and body. History: The bitter orange tree, from which Neroli Blossom Org EO is derived, has a long history of use in traditional medicine and perfume making. It is believed to have originated in Southeast Asia and was brought to Europe by Arab traders in the 10th century. A little goes a long way - what a marvelous scent! Toggle menu 1. Gift Certificate Login or Sign Up 0. About Us Our Company Rae Dunphy Our Mission. NEROLI BLOSSOM Citrus aurantium MSRP:. You save. Size: Optional None 2 ml. Current Stock:. Quantity: Decrease Quantity: Increase Quantity:. Adding to cart… category. Sourced from the peel of a citrus fruit known as Citrus bergamia , this essential oil may help to lessen your stress. While research on the effects of bergamot essential oil is fairly limited, some studies show that the oil may help reduce stress and promote relaxation. A study published in Phytotherapy Research , for instance, found that exposure to the aroma of bergamot essential oil for 15 minutes improved participants' positive feelings in the waiting room of a mental health treatment center. Bergamot essential oil may also improve negative emotions and fatigue and lower saliva cortisol levels a hormone often called the body's "stress hormone" , according to a study. When using bergamot essential oil for stress relief, the oil should be combined with a carrier oil such as jojoba, sweet almond, or avocado before being applied sparingly to the skin or added to a bath. Bergamot can be irritating to the skin and cause dermatitis in some people. It can also make the skin more sensitive to sun exposure that can variably lead to redness, burn, blisters or skin darkening. You can also inhale the soothing scent by sprinkling a drop or two of the oil onto a cloth or tissue or using an aromatherapy diffuser. For natural relief of anxiety, some individuals turn to aromatherapy involving the use of lemongrass essential oil , an oil sourced from the lemongrass herb Cymbopogon citratus. Inhaling the scent of the oil or applying it to skin sparingly after combining it with a carrier oil is thought to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety symptoms. Although there's limited research on the effectiveness of lemongrass essential oil, a study published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine in found that participants exposed to lemongrass essential oil had an immediate reduction in anxiety and tension and recovered quickly from an anxiety-inducing situation compared to those who inhaled a control aroma tea tree oil or a placebo. An aromatherapy remedy with a sweet and spicy aroma, neroli essential oil is sometimes used to ease anxiety. Proponents claim that breathing in the scent of this essential oil sourced from the flowers of the bitter orange tree can help promote calm and stop excessive worrying. Research on the effects of neroli citrus aurantium L. essential oil is fairly limited. In a study published in Hepato-gastroenterology , for instance, participants inhaled either neroli oil or a control sunflower oil before undergoing a colonoscopy. Inhalation of neroli is used as a sedative in some health centers outside the United States. A study showed improvement in menopausal symptoms in menopausal women and a decrease in PMS symptoms in university subjects with inhalation of neroli. A study using olfactory stimuli with lemon found that it improved concentration, mood, and memory in fourth-grade pupils. Lemon essential oil , sourced from the leaves of the lemon plant, have been found in preliminary studies in animals to have sedative and anxiety-reducing properties. Rich in linalool a compound found in lemons, oranges, basil, mangos, grapes, lavender, and other foods and flowers , practitioners of aromatherapy often use lemon essential oil to relieve stress, improve mood, promote sleep, and ease symptoms of depression. In the UK, personal aromatherapy inhaler devices have been used in a cancer center to promote relaxation and relieve nausea, with lemon essential oil being one of the most commonly used scents. A scent long used in aromatherapy, Japanese yuzu essential oil is sometimes touted as a natural solution for stress relief. It's thought that breathing in the citrus fragrance of this essential oil can suppress sympathetic nervous system activity responsible for the body's fight or flight response and, in turn, promote relaxation. Ten minutes of yuzu scent inhalation was found to decrease salivary chromogranin A an indicator of stress and sympathetic nervous system activity and negative emotional stress, according to a small study. In a study published in Complementary Therapies in Medicine , inhalation of yuzu essential oil decreased anxiety levels in mothers caring for sick children at a pediatric clinic. Need to unwind? Preliminary research suggests that breathing in the sweet aroma of orange essential oil may help alleviate your anxiety. A s tud y published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , for instance, found that participants who inhaled sweet orange essential oil did not have an increase in anxiety or tension during an anxiety-inducing situation, unlike those who inhaled a control aroma tea tree oil or a placebo. Another type of orange essential oil known as bitter orange Citrus aurantium was found to reduce anxiety during a simulated public speaking event, according to a study. More than million Americans have high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease. Preliminary research also suggests that ylang ylang essential oil a substance long used in aromatherapy may be of some benefit to people with high blood pressure. For instance, a small study published in found that breathing in the scent of an aromatherapy blend containing ylang ylang essential oil led to a decrease in blood pressure and stress-hormone levels. While it's too soon to recommend ylang ylang essential oil for blood pressure control, incorporating aromatherapy with ylang ylang into your self-care routine might offer stress-reducing benefits that could enhance your overall health. Although ylang-ylang can be relaxing, don't use it before an exam. One study comparing ylang-ylang aroma with peppermint aroma found that while peppermint enhanced memory, ylang-ylang caused calmness but impaired memory and lengthened processing speed. An aromatherapy oil with a sweet, woody scent, frankincense essential oil is sometimes used to unwind and ease stress. Typically sourced from the resin of the boswellia tree, frankincense essential oil is also said to alleviate anxiety. So far, research on the stress-relieving effects of frankincense essential oil is very limited. While there's currently a lack of scientific support for the claim that frankincense can fight stress, it's possible that using this essential oil in combination with relaxing oils like lavender, rose , and orange drops of the oil onto a cloth or tissue could help you calm down. When using essential oils, make sure to combine the oil with a carrier oil such as jojoba, sweet almond, or avocado , before applying it to your skin or adding it to your bath. You can also use an aromatherapy diffuser or vaporizer, or sprinkle a few drops of the oil onto a cloth or tissue and then breathe in its aroma. Despite aromatherapy's long history of use, there is still a lack of large-scale clinical trials exploring the effects of aromatherapy on anxiety. While an essential oil combined with a carrier oil and massaged into your skin or added to a bath may help you unwind after a stressful day, consult your healthcare provider before using essential oils for any condition. While nearly everyone experiences stress every now and then, it's important to watch out for signs of an anxiety disorder. If you're experiencing symptoms like a near-constant presence of worry or tension, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disruption, or have other symptoms that concern you, be sure to talk to your healthcare provider. Chamine I, Oken BS. Aroma Effects on Physiologic and Cognitive Function Following Acute Stress: A Mechanism Investigation. J Altern Complement Med. Chen MC, Fang SH, Fang L. The effects of aromatherapy in relieving symptoms related to job stress among nurses. Int J Nurs Pract. Han X, Gibson J, Eggett DL, Parker TL. Bergamot Citrus bergamia Essential Oil Inhalation Improves Positive Feelings in the Waiting Room of a Mental Health Treatment Center: A Pilot Study. Phytother Res. Watanabe E, Kuchta K, Kimura M, Rauwald HW, Kamei T, Imanishi J. Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Mood States, Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity, and Salivary Cortisol Levels in 41 Healthy Females. Forsch Komplementmed. Goes TC, Ursulino FR, Almeida-Souza TH, Alves PB, Teixeira-Silva F. Effect of Lemongrass Aroma on Experimental Anxiety in Humans. Hu PH, Peng YC, Lin YT, Chang CS, Ou MC. Aromatherapy for Reducing Colonoscopy Related Procedural Anxiety and Physiological Parameters: A Randomized Controlled Study. Choi SY, Kang P, Lee HS, Seol GH. Effects of Inhalation of Essential Oil of Citrus aurantium L. amara on Menopausal Symptoms, Stress, and Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Dyer J, Cleary L, Ragsdale-Lowe M, McNeill S, Osland C. The use of aromasticks at a cancer centre: a retrospective audit. Complement Ther Clin Pract. Matsumoto T, Asakura H, Hayashi T. Effects of Olfactory Stimulation from the Fragrance of the Japanese Citrus Fruit Yuzu Citrus junos Sieb.
Bitter Orange: Compounds, Benefits, and Downsides	The impact of stress Citrus aurantium for stress relief body function: A felief, EXCLI Journal. Chem Senses 16 : This article explains everything you need to know about aurantiuum oils and their health…. Citrus aurantium for stress relief and Protecting against free radicals with fruits Materials Virgin Citeus oil VCOlavender essential oil, chamomile essential oil, and petitgrain essential oil were obtained from PT Darjeeling Sembrani Aroma, Bandung, Indonesia. Virgin coconut oil VCOlavender essential oil, chamomile essential oil, and petitgrain essential oil were obtained from PT Darjeeling Sembrani Aroma, Bandung, Indonesia. In fact, stress can decrease the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, and also lead to the growth of malignant cells, genetic instability, and tumor expansion.
NEROLI BLOSSOM (Citrus aurantium) - Rae Dunphy Aromatiques Ltd. |	Here Citrus aurantium for stress relief Green beauty options benefits and uses of…. Tradução automática Cutrus Translator Microsoft Translator. Óleo repief Citrus aurantium; Rutaceae; óleo de laranja; ansiedade; inalação; Citrus aurantium for stress relief em cruz elevado. The effects of Lavender and Chamomile essential oil inhalation aromatherapy on depression, anxiety and stress in older community-dwelling people: A randomized controlled trial, Explore. Ciências Biomédicas, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission.