It is Type diabetes weight management for most people. Executive Health Program. Diagnosihg Density: Diagnoskng It is Done; [cited DEXA scan for diagnosing osteoporosis 24]; [about 6 fkr. use medications osteoporosjs are known to cause bone loss, Hypertension and calcium intake corticosteroids osteoporoeis as Prednisone, ostelporosis anti-seizure medications such as Dilantin and certain barbiturates, or high-dose thyroid replacement drugs. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The World Health Organization has recently released an online survey that combines the DXA results and a few basic questions and can be used to predict year risk of hip fracture or other major osteoporotic fractures for post-menopausal women. Interpreting the results of a bone density scan can sometimes be difficult.

DEXA scan for diagnosing osteoporosis -

Peripheral devices measure bone density in the wrist, heel or finger and are often available in drugstores and on mobile health vans in the community. The pDXA devices are smaller than the central DXA devices, weighing only about 60 pounds. They may have a portable box-like structure with a space for the foot or forearm to be placed for imaging.

Other portable technologies such as specially designed ultrasound machines, are also sometimes used for screening. However, central DXA is the standard technique. The DXA machine sends a thin, invisible beam of low-dose x-rays with two distinct energy peaks through the bones being examined.

One peak is absorbed mainly by soft tissue and the other by bone. The soft tissue amount can be subtracted from the total and what remains is a patient's bone mineral density.

DXA machines feature special software that compute and display the bone density measurements on a computer monitor. In the central DXA examination, which measures bone density of the hip and spine, the patient lies on a padded table.

An x-ray generator is located below the patient and an imaging device, or detector, is positioned above. To assess the spine, the patient's legs are supported on a padded box to flatten the pelvis and lower lumbar spine.

To assess the hip, the patient's foot is placed in a brace that rotates the hip inward. In both cases, the detector is slowly passed over the area, generating images on a computer monitor.

You must hold very still and may need to hold your breath for a few seconds while the technologist takes the x-ray. This helps reduce the possibility of a blurred image. The technologist will walk behind a wall or into the next room to activate the x-ray machine.

The peripheral tests are simpler. The finger, hand, forearm or foot is placed in a small device that obtains a bone density reading within a few minutes. An additional procedure called Vertebral Fracture Assessment VFA is now being done at many centers.

VFA is a low-dose x-ray examination of the spine to screen for vertebral fractures that is performed on the DXA machine. The DXA bone density test is usually completed within 10 to 30 minutes, depending on the equipment used and the parts of the body being examined.

You will probably be asked to fill out a questionnaire that will help the doctor determine if you have medical conditions or take certain medications that either increase or decrease your risk of a fracture. The World Health Organization has recently released an online survey that combines the DXA results and a few basic questions and can be used to predict year risk of hip fracture or other major osteoporotic fractures for post-menopausal women.

Routine evaluations every two years may be needed to see a significant change in bone mineral density, decrease or increase. Few patients, such as patients on high dose steroid medication, may need follow-up at six months. A radiologist , a doctor trained to supervise and interpret radiology examinations, will analyze the images.

The radiologist will send a signed report to your primary care or referring physician who will discuss the results with you. DXA scans are also interpreted by other physicians such as rheumatologists and endocrinologists.

A clinician should review your DXA scan while assessing the presence of clinical risk factors such as:. T score — This number shows the amount of bone you have compared with a young adult of the same gender with peak bone mass. A score of -1 and above is considered normal.

A score between A score of The T score is used to estimate your risk of developing a fracture and also to determine if treatment is required.

Z score — This number reflects the amount of bone you have compared with other people in your age group and of the same size and gender. If this score is unusually high or low, it may indicate a need for further medical tests. Small changes may normally be observed between scans due to differences in positioning and usually are not significant.

Doctors take special care during x-ray exams to use the lowest radiation dose possible while producing the best images for evaluation. National and international radiology protection organizations continually review and update the technique standards radiology professionals use.

Modern x-ray systems minimize stray scatter radiation by using controlled x-ray beams and dose control methods. This ensures that the areas of your body not being imaged receive minimal radiation exposure. Please type your comment or suggestion into the text box below.

Note: we are unable to answer specific questions or offer individual medical advice or opinions. org is not a medical facility.

Please contact your physician with specific medical questions or for a referral to a radiologist or other physician. To locate a medical imaging or radiation oncology provider in your community, you can search the ACR-accredited facilities database. This website does not provide cost information.

The costs for specific medical imaging tests, treatments and procedures may vary by geographic region. Web page review process: This Web page is reviewed regularly by a physician with expertise in the medical area presented and is further reviewed by committees from the Radiological Society of North America RSNA and the American College of Radiology ACR , comprising physicians with expertise in several radiologic areas.

Outside links: For the convenience of our users, RadiologyInfo. org provides links to relevant websites. org , RSNA and ACR are not responsible for the content contained on the web pages found at these links.

Toggle navigation. What is a bone density Scan? What are some common uses of the procedure? How should I prepare? What does the equipment look like? How does the procedure work? How is the procedure performed? What will I experience during and after the procedure?

Who interprets the results and how will I get them? What are the benefits vs. What are the limitations of a bone density scan? Bone density testing is strongly recommended if you: are a post-menopausal woman and not taking estrogen.

have a personal or maternal history of hip fracture or smoking. are a post-menopausal woman who is tall over 5 feet 7 inches or thin less than pounds. are a man with clinical conditions associated with bone loss, such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney or liver disease.

use medications that are known to cause bone loss, including corticosteroids such as Prednisone, various anti-seizure medications such as Dilantin and certain barbiturates, or high-dose thyroid replacement drugs. have type 1 formerly called juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes, liver disease, kidney disease or a family history of osteoporosis.

have high bone turnover, which shows up in the form of excessive collagen in urine samples. have a thyroid condition, such as hyperthyroidism. have a parathyroid condition, such as hyperparathyroidism. have experienced a fracture after only mild trauma.

have had x-ray evidence of vertebral fracture or other signs of osteoporosis. The Vertebral Fracture Assessment VFA , a low-dose x-ray examination of the spine to screen for vertebral fractures that is performed on the DXA machine, may be recommended for older patients, especially if: they have lost more than an inch of height.

have unexplained back pain. if a DXA scan gives borderline readings. the DXA images of the spine suggest a vertebral deformity or fracture. What is it used for? A bone density scan is used to: Diagnose osteopenia low bone mass Diagnose osteoporosis Predict risk of future fractures See if treatment for osteoporosis is working.

Why do I need a bone density scan? You may also be at risk for low bone density if you: Have a very low body weight Have had one or more fractures after the age of 50 Have lost a half inch or more in height within one year Are a man over the age of 70 Have a family history of osteoporosis Other risk factors include: Lack of physical activity Smoking cigarettes Heavy drinking Not getting enough calcium and vitamin D in your diet.

What happens during a bone density scan? During a DEXA scan: You will lie on your back on a padded table. You will probably be able to leave your clothes on. You may need to lie with your legs straight, or you may be asked to rest your legs on a padded platform.

A scanning machine will pass over your lower spine and hip. At the same time, another scanning machine called a photon generator will pass beneath you. The images from the two machines will be combined and sent to a computer. A health care provider will view the images on the computer screen.

While the machines are scanning, you will need to stay very still. You may be asked to hold your breath. Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test? Are there any risks to the test? What do the results mean? Your results may show one of the following: A T score of This is considered normal bone density.

A T score between This means you have low bone density osteopenia and may be at risk for developing osteoporosis.

A T score of This means you probably have osteoporosis. These may include: Getting more exercise, with activities such walking, dancing, and using weight machines. Is there anything else I need to know about a bone density scan? References Kaiser Permanente [Internet].

Kaiser Foundation Health Plan Inc; c Bone Density: How It is Done; [cited Aug 24]; [about 6 screens]. hw hw Kaiser Permanente [Internet].

Bone Density: Results; [cited Aug 24]; [about 9 screens]. Bone Density: Risks; [cited Aug 24]; [about 8 screens]. Bone Density: Test Overview; [cited Aug 24]; [about 3 screens]. Bone Density: Why It Is Done; [cited Aug 24]; [about 4 screens].

hw hw Lab Tests Online [Internet]. Washington D. Osteoporosis; [updated Oct 30; cited Apr 13]; [about 2 screens]. Portland ME : Maine Health; c Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c— Bone density test: Overview; Sep 7 [cited Apr 13]; [about 3 screens].

Tests for Musculoskeletal Disorders; [updated Mar; cited Apr 13]; [about 2 screens]. Department of Health and Human Services; Get a Bone Density Test; [updated Apr 13; cited Apr 13]; [about 3 screens]. Arlington VA : NOF; c Bethesda MD : U. Department of Health and Human Services; Bone Mass Measurement: What the Numbers Mean; [cited Apr 13]; [about 2 screens].

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All of the risk factors need to be considered before you have a bone density scan or start treatment. Some people need a bone density scan to confirm that their risk of breaking a bone is high enough to need treatment. For others, particularly older people over the age of 75, the risk of breaking a bone may be so high that there's no need for them to have a bone density scan before treatment is prescribed.

Interpreting the results of a bone density scan can sometimes be difficult. For example, it may not be easy to interpret the results of a scan of the spine when someone has a degenerative condition, such as osteoarthritis of the spine spondylosis. Sometimes spinal abnormalities or a previous spinal fracture can give a false result.

A bone density scan will not show whether low bone mineral density is caused by too little bone osteoporosis or too little calcium in the bone, usually because of a lack of vitamin D osteomalacia.

Page last reviewed: 05 October Next review due: 05 October Home Health A to Z Bone density scan DEXA scan Back to Bone density scan DEXA scan. When it is used - Bone density scan DEXA scan Contents Overview When it is used How it is performed. Identifying bone problems Unlike ordinary X-rays, DEXA scans can measure tiny reductions in bone density.

This may include making lifestyle changes to help improve your bone health, such as: eating a healthy, balanced diet that's high in calcium spending more time in the sun to help increase your levels of vitamin D regularly doing weight-bearing exercise, such as walking or running When a bone density scan is recommended A DEXA scan may be recommended if you have an increased risk of developing a bone problem like osteoporosis.

Your risk is increased if you: have had a broken bone after a minor fall or injury have a health condition, such as arthritis, that can lead to low bone density have been taking medicines called oral glucocorticoids for 3 months or more — glucocorticoids are used to treat inflammation, but can also cause weakened bones are a woman who has had an early menopauseor you had your ovaries removed at a young age before 45 and have not had hormone replacement therapy HRT are a postmenopausal woman and you smoke or drink heavily, have a family history of hip fracturesor a body mass index BMI of less than 21 are a woman and have large gaps between periods more than a year Limitations A DEXA scan is not the only way of measuring bone strength.

: DEXA scan for diagnosing osteoporosis

Evaluation of Bone Health/Bone Density Testing	Z score — This zcan reflects ostepoorosis amount of bone you have compared Hypertension and calcium intake other people in your Resveratrol dosage group osreoporosis of the same DEXA scan for diagnosing osteoporosis and gender. During a bone density scan, a type of X-ray called dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is passed through your body. The doctor may also perform a physical exam that includes checking for: Loss of height and weight. What are the limitations of a bone density scan? Note: we are unable to answer specific questions or offer individual medical advice or opinions.
Who should have a DEXA bone density test?	The finger, hand, forearm or foot is placed in a small device that obtains a bone density reading within a few minutes. An additional procedure called Vertebral Fracture Assessment VFA is now being done at many centers. VFA is a low-dose x-ray examination of the spine to screen for vertebral fractures that is performed on the DXA machine. The DXA bone density test is usually completed within 10 to 30 minutes, depending on the equipment used and the parts of the body being examined. You will probably be asked to fill out a questionnaire that will help the doctor determine if you have medical conditions or take certain medications that either increase or decrease your risk of a fracture. The World Health Organization has recently released an online survey that combines the DXA results and a few basic questions and can be used to predict year risk of hip fracture or other major osteoporotic fractures for post-menopausal women. Routine evaluations every two years may be needed to see a significant change in bone mineral density, decrease or increase. Few patients, such as patients on high dose steroid medication, may need follow-up at six months. A radiologist , a doctor trained to supervise and interpret radiology examinations, will analyze the images. The radiologist will send a signed report to your primary care or referring physician who will discuss the results with you. DXA scans are also interpreted by other physicians such as rheumatologists and endocrinologists. A clinician should review your DXA scan while assessing the presence of clinical risk factors such as:. T score — This number shows the amount of bone you have compared with a young adult of the same gender with peak bone mass. A score of -1 and above is considered normal. A score between A score of The T score is used to estimate your risk of developing a fracture and also to determine if treatment is required. Z score — This number reflects the amount of bone you have compared with other people in your age group and of the same size and gender. If this score is unusually high or low, it may indicate a need for further medical tests. Small changes may normally be observed between scans due to differences in positioning and usually are not significant. Doctors take special care during x-ray exams to use the lowest radiation dose possible while producing the best images for evaluation. National and international radiology protection organizations continually review and update the technique standards radiology professionals use. Modern x-ray systems minimize stray scatter radiation by using controlled x-ray beams and dose control methods. This ensures that the areas of your body not being imaged receive minimal radiation exposure. Please type your comment or suggestion into the text box below. Note: we are unable to answer specific questions or offer individual medical advice or opinions. org is not a medical facility. Please contact your physician with specific medical questions or for a referral to a radiologist or other physician. To locate a medical imaging or radiation oncology provider in your community, you can search the ACR-accredited facilities database. This website does not provide cost information. The costs for specific medical imaging tests, treatments and procedures may vary by geographic region. Web page review process: This Web page is reviewed regularly by a physician with expertise in the medical area presented and is further reviewed by committees from the Radiological Society of North America RSNA and the American College of Radiology ACR , comprising physicians with expertise in several radiologic areas. Outside links: For the convenience of our users, RadiologyInfo. org provides links to relevant websites. org , RSNA and ACR are not responsible for the content contained on the web pages found at these links. Toggle navigation. What is a bone density Scan? What are some common uses of the procedure? How should I prepare? What does the equipment look like? How does the procedure work? How is the procedure performed? What will I experience during and after the procedure? Who interprets the results and how will I get them? What are the benefits vs. What are the limitations of a bone density scan? Bone density testing is strongly recommended if you: are a post-menopausal woman and not taking estrogen. have a personal or maternal history of hip fracture or smoking. are a post-menopausal woman who is tall over 5 feet 7 inches or thin less than pounds. are a man with clinical conditions associated with bone loss, such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney or liver disease. use medications that are known to cause bone loss, including corticosteroids such as Prednisone, various anti-seizure medications such as Dilantin and certain barbiturates, or high-dose thyroid replacement drugs. have type 1 formerly called juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes, liver disease, kidney disease or a family history of osteoporosis. have high bone turnover, which shows up in the form of excessive collagen in urine samples. have a thyroid condition, such as hyperthyroidism. have a parathyroid condition, such as hyperparathyroidism. have experienced a fracture after only mild trauma. have had x-ray evidence of vertebral fracture or other signs of osteoporosis. The Vertebral Fracture Assessment VFA , a low-dose x-ray examination of the spine to screen for vertebral fractures that is performed on the DXA machine, may be recommended for older patients, especially if: they have lost more than an inch of height. have unexplained back pain. if a DXA scan gives borderline readings. the DXA images of the spine suggest a vertebral deformity or fracture. There are two types of DXA equipment: a central device and a peripheral device. Your doctor will likely do this exam on an outpatient basis. The VFA test adds only a few minutes to the DXA procedure. Bone density tests are a quick and painless procedure. A clinician should review your DXA scan while assessing the presence of clinical risk factors such as: rheumatoid arthritis chronic renal and liver disease respiratory disease inflammatory bowel disease Your test results will be in the form of two scores: T score — This number shows the amount of bone you have compared with a young adult of the same gender with peak bone mass. Benefits DXA bone densitometry is a simple, quick and noninvasive procedure. No anesthesia is required. The amount of radiation used is extremely small—less than one-tenth the dose of a standard chest x-ray, and less than a day's exposure to natural radiation. DXA bone density testing is currently the best standardized method available to diagnose osteoporosis and is also considered an accurate estimator of fracture risk. DXA is used to make a decision whether treatment is required and it can be used to monitor the effects of the treatment. DXA equipment is widely available making DXA bone densitometry testing convenient for patients and physicians alike. No radiation stays in your body after an x-ray exam. X-rays usually have no side effects in the typical diagnostic range for this exam. Risks There is always a slight chance of cancer from excessive exposure to radiation. However, given the small amount of radiation used in medical imaging, the benefit of an accurate diagnosis far outweighs the associated risk. Women should always tell their doctor and x-ray technologist if they are pregnant. The radiation dose for this procedure varies. See the Radiation Dose page for more information. Your doctor will compare your BMD test results to the average bone density of young, healthy people and to the average bone density of other people of your age, sex, and race. If your BMD is below a certain level, you will be diagnosed with osteoporosis and your doctor may recommend both lifestyle approaches to promote bone health and medications to lower your chance of breaking a bone. Sometimes, your doctor may recommend a quantitative ultrasound QUS of the heel. This is a test that evaluates bone but does not measure BMD. If the QUS indicates that you have bone loss, you will still need a DXA test to diagnose bone loss and osteoporosis. The goals for treating osteoporosis are to slow or stop bone loss and to prevent fractures. Your health care provider may recommend:. People who develop osteoporosis from another condition should work with their health care provider to identify and treat the underlying cause. For example, if you take a medication that causes bone loss, your doctor may lower the dose of that medication or switch you to another medication. If you have a disease that requires long-term glucocorticoid therapy, such as rheumatoid arthritis or chronic lung disease, you can also take certain medications approved for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis. Calcium and vitamin D are important nutrients for preventing osteoporosis and helping bones reach peak bone mass. If you do not take in enough calcium, the body takes it from the bones, which can lead to bone loss. This can make bones weak and thin, leading to osteoporosis. Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestine. It is made in the skin after exposure to sunlight. Some foods naturally contain enough vitamin D, including fatty fish, fish oils, egg yolks, and liver. Other foods that are fortified with vitamin D are a major source of the mineral, including milk and cereals. If you have trouble getting enough calcium and vitamin D in your diet, you may need to take supplements. Talk to your health care provider about the type and amount of calcium and vitamin D supplements you should take. Your doctor may check your blood levels of vitamin D and recommend a specific amount. In addition to a healthy diet, a healthy lifestyle is important for optimizing bone health. You should:. Exercise is an important part of an osteoporosis treatment program. Research shows that the best physical activities for bone health include strength training or resistance training. Because bone is living tissue, during childhood and adulthood, exercise can make bones stronger. However, for older adults, exercise no longer increases bone mass. Instead, regular exercise can help older adults:. Although exercise is beneficial for people with osteoporosis, it should not put any sudden or excessive strain on your bones. If you have osteoporosis, you should avoid high-impact exercise. To help prevent injury and fractures, a physical therapist or rehabilitation medicine specialist can:. Exercise specialists, such as exercise physiologists, may also help you develop a safe and effective exercise program. Your doctor may prescribe medications for osteoporosis. Food and Drug Administration FDA has approved the following medications for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis:. Your health care provider will discuss the best option for you, taking into consideration your age, sex, general health, and the amount of bone you have lost. No matter which medications you take for osteoporosis, it is still important that you get the recommended amounts of calcium and vitamin D. Also, exercising and maintaining other aspects of a healthy lifestyle are important. Medications can cause side effects. If you have questions about your medications, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. In addition to the treatments your doctor recommends, the following tips can help you manage and live with osteoporosis, prevent fractures, and prevent falls. Preventing fractures is important when you have osteoporosis because fractures can cause other medical problems and take away your independence. Exercise can help prevent fractures that occur as a result of falling and improve bone strength, when your health care provider tailors a program to your individual need. If you have osteoporosis or bone loss, it is important to talk to your doctor or physical therapist before beginning any exercise program. In addition, preventing falls helps prevent fractures. Falls increase your likelihood of fracturing a bone in the hip, wrist, spine, or other part of the skeleton. Taking steps to prevent falls both inside and outside of the house can help prevent fractures. If you have osteoporosis, it is important to be aware of any physical changes you may experience that affect your balance or gait and to discuss these changes with your doctor or other health care provider. It is also important to have regular checkups and tell your doctor if you have had problems with falling. Falls can also be caused by factors around you that create unsafe conditions. Here are some tips to help prevent falls outdoors and when you are away from home:. Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases. Current Funding Opportunities. NIAMS Labs and Core Facilities. For Principal Investigators. For Patients. All NIAMS News. Director's Page. Bone Health. Basics In-Depth Read. Facebook Email Print. Facebook Email. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for: Women over age Women of any age who have factors that increase the chance of developing osteoporosis. During your visit with your doctor, remember to report: Any previous fractures. Your lifestyle habits, including diet, exercise, alcohol use, and smoking history. Current or past medical conditions and medications that could contribute to low bone mass and increased fracture risk. Your family history of osteoporosis and other diseases. For women, your menstrual history. The doctor may also perform a physical exam that includes checking for: Loss of height and weight. Changes in posture. Balance and gait the way you walk. Muscle strength, such as your ability to stand from sitting without using your arms. BMD testing can be used to: Diagnose osteoporosis. Detect low bone density before osteoporosis develops. Help predict your risk of future fractures. Monitor the effectiveness of ongoing treatment for osteoporosis. Treatment of Osteoporosis The goals for treating osteoporosis are to slow or stop bone loss and to prevent fractures. Your health care provider may recommend: Proper nutrition. Lifestyle changes. Fall prevention to help prevent fractures. Nutrition An important part of treating osteoporosis is eating a healthy, balanced diet, which includes: Plenty of fruits and vegetables. An appropriate amount of calories for your age, height, and weight. Your health care provider or doctor can help you determine the amount of calories you need each day to maintain a healthy weight. Foods and liquids that include calcium, vitamin D, and protein. These help minimize bone loss and maintain overall health. Calcium and Vitamin D Calcium and vitamin D are important nutrients for preventing osteoporosis and helping bones reach peak bone mass. Good sources of calcium include: Low-fat dairy products. Dark green leafy vegetables, such as bok choy, collards, and turnip greens. Sardines and salmon with bones. Calcium-fortified foods such as soymilk, tofu, orange juice, cereals, and breads. The chart below shows how much calcium and vitamin D you need each day. Lifestyle In addition to a healthy diet, a healthy lifestyle is important for optimizing bone health. You should: Avoid secondhand smoke, and if you smoke, quit. Drink alcohol in moderation, no more than one drink a day for women and no more than two drinks a day for men. Visit your doctor for regular checkups and ask about any factors that may affect your bone health or increase your chance of falling, such as medications or other medical conditions. Exercise Exercise is an important part of an osteoporosis treatment program. Instead, regular exercise can help older adults: Build muscle mass and strength and improve coordination and balance. This can help lower your chance of falling. Improve daily function and delay loss of independence. To help prevent injury and fractures, a physical therapist or rehabilitation medicine specialist can: Recommend specific exercises to strengthen and support your back. Teach you safe ways of moving and carrying out daily activities. Recommend an exercise program that is tailored to your circumstances.
Radiation in Healthcare: Bone Density (DEXA Scan)	Your healthcare provider may recommend a DEXA scan if you have any of these other risk factors. DEXA scans should be used when the health benefits outweigh the risks. Talk to your healthcare provider about any concerns you have before a DEXA scan. Find information on special considerations pregnant women and children. Learn more about the benefits and risks of imaging tests, including nuclear medicine, and how to reduce your exposure to radiation. DEXA scans are different from other imaging procedures because they are used to screen for a specific condition. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Radiation and Your Health. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Radiation in Healthcare: Bone Density DEXA Scan Minus Related Pages. What You Should Know Your healthcare provider may recommend a DEXA scan to test for osteoporosis or thinning of your bones. Nearly 1 in 5 women and 1 in 20 men over the age of 50 are affected by osteoporosis. Osteoporosis increases the risk for broken bones and can have serious effects in older adults. What To Expect Before the procedure Make sure to let your healthcare provider or radiologist medical professional specially trained in radiation procedures if you are pregnant or think you may or could be pregnant. Dress in loose, comfortable clothing. Metal can interfere with test results. During the procedure You may be asked to remove jewelry, eyeglasses, and any clothing that may interfere with the imaging. You will lay on a table and the radiologist or medical assistant will position your legs on a padded box. They also may place your foot in a device so that your hip is turned inward. While the image is taken, lay still and follow instructions. You may need to hold your breath for a few seconds. After the procedure The procedure typically lasts about minutes. The higher your bone mineral content, the denser your bones are. And the denser your bones, the stronger they generally are and the less likely they are to break. Bone density tests differ from bone scans. Bone scans require an injection beforehand and are usually used to detect fractures, cancer, infections and other abnormalities in the bone. Although osteoporosis is more common in older women, men also can develop the condition. Regardless of your sex or age, your doctor may recommend a bone density test if you've:. Be sure to tell your doctor beforehand if you've recently had a barium exam or had contrast material injected for a CT scan or nuclear medicine test. Contrast materials might interfere with your bone density test. Wear loose, comfortable clothing and avoid wearing clothes with zippers, belts or buttons. Leave your jewelry at home and remove all metal objects from your pockets, such as keys, money clips or change. At some facilities, you may be asked to change into an examination gown. Bone density tests are usually done on bones in the spine vertebrae , hip, forearm, wrist, fingers and heel. Bone density tests are usually done on bones that are most likely to break because of osteoporosis, including:. If you have your bone density test done at a hospital, it'll probably be done on a device where you lie on a padded platform while a mechanical arm passes over your body. The amount of radiation you're exposed to is very low, much less than the amount emitted during a chest X-ray. The test usually takes about 10 to 30 minutes. A small, portable machine can measure bone density in the bones at the far ends of your skeleton, such as those in your finger, wrist or heel. The instruments used for these tests are called peripheral devices and are often used at health fairs. Because bone density can vary from one location in your body to another, a measurement taken at your heel usually isn't as accurate a predictor of fracture risk as a measurement taken at your spine or hip. Consequently, if your test on a peripheral device is positive, your doctor might recommend a follow-up scan at your spine or hip to confirm your diagnosis. Your T-score is your bone density compared with what is normally expected in a healthy young adult of your sex. Your T-score is the number of units — called standard deviations — that your bone density is above or below the average. Your score is a sign of osteopenia, a condition in which bone density is below normal and may lead to osteoporosis. Your Z-score is the number of standard deviations above or below what's normally expected for someone of your age, sex, weight, and ethnic or racial origin. If your Z-score is significantly higher or lower than the average, you may need additional tests to determine the cause of the problem. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview A bone density test determines if you have osteoporosis — a disorder characterized by bones that are more fragile and more likely to break. Bone density Enlarge image Close. Bone density With bone loss, the outer shell of a bone becomes thinner and the interior becomes more porous. More Information Anorexia nervosa Hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Kyphosis Osteoporosis Show more related information. Request an appointment. Locations for bone density testing Enlarge image Close. Locations for bone density testing Bone density tests are usually done on bones in the spine vertebrae , hip, forearm, wrist, fingers and heel. By Mayo Clinic Staff. Show references Osteoporosis overview. NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center. Accessed Nov. Lewiecki EM. Overview of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone densitometry. Radiological Society of North America. Skeletal scintigraphy bone scan. National Osteoporosis Foundation.
Osteoporosis: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Steps to Take	During ostoeporosis DEXA diagnoosing You diagnozing lie on your DEXA scan for diagnosing osteoporosis on a padded table. View Topic. A Refreshing Tea Options density Strengthen immunity naturally is usually done as diagnosingg outpatient procedure in the x-ray radiology department of a hospital or clinic. National and international radiology protection organizations continually review and update the technique standards radiology professionals use. What else can a bone density scan detect? Patient level information — UpToDate offers two types of patient education materials. Before a DEXA or QCT scan, your doctor may recommend a peripheral bone density test.
Bone density scan	Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. Overview - Bone density scan DEXA scan Contents Overview When it is used How it is performed. Bone mineral density BMD tests. A test done on a peripheral location, such as the heel or wrist, may help predict the risk of fracture in the spine or hip. These include radiological assessments and Bone Turnover Markers BTM. Osteoporosis has been called a "silent" disease because the loss of bone progresses gradually without pain or symptoms until a fracture occurs. Bone density measurements obtained with different DXA equipment cannot be directly compared.

DEXA scan for diagnosing osteoporosis -

This is an inhibitor that helps slow down bone loss and is approved to treat osteoporosis in: Postmenopausal women or men with osteoporosis who are at high risk for fracture.

Men who have bone loss and are being treated for prostate cancer with medications that cause bone loss.

Women who have bone loss and are being treated for breast cancer with medications that cause bone loss. Men and women who do not respond to other types of osteoporosis treatment.

Sclerostin inhibitor. This is a medication that treats severe osteoporosis by blocking the effect of a protein, and helps the body increase new bone formation as well as slows down bone loss. Who Treats Osteoporosis? Health care providers who treat osteoporosis include: Endocrinologists, who treat problems related to the glands and hormones.

Geriatricians, who specialize in caring for all aspects of health in older people. Gynecologists, who specialize in diagnosing and treating conditions of the reproductive system of women. Nurse educators, who specialize in helping people understand their overall condition and set up their treatment plans.

Occupational therapists, who teach ways to protect joints, minimize pain, perform activities of daily living, and conserve energy. Orthopaedists, who specialize in the treatment of and surgery for bone and joint diseases or injuries.

Physiatrists doctors specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Physical therapists, who help to improve joint function. Primary care providers, such as a family physician or internal medicine specialist. Rheumatologists, who specialize in arthritis and other diseases of the bones, joints, and muscles.

Living With Osteoporosis In addition to the treatments your doctor recommends, the following tips can help you manage and live with osteoporosis, prevent fractures, and prevent falls.

Some factors that may contribute to falls include: Loss of muscle mass. Illnesses that impair your mental or physical functioning, such as low blood pressure or dementia. Use of four or more prescription medications. Poor vision. Poor balance. Certain diseases that affect how you walk.

Alcohol use. Side effects of some medications, such as: Sedatives or tranquilizers. Sleeping pills. Muscle relaxants. Heart medicines. Blood pressure pills. Here are some tips to help prevent falls outdoors and when you are away from home: Use a cane or walker for added stability.

Wear shoes that provide support and have thin nonslip soles. Avoid wearing slippers and athletic shoes with deep treads. Walk on grass when sidewalks are slippery; in winter, put salt or kitty litter on icy sidewalks. Stop at curbs and check their height before stepping up or down.

Some ways to help prevent falls indoors are: Keep rooms free of clutter, especially on floors. Avoid running electrical cords across walking areas. Use plastic or carpet runners on slippery floors. Wear shoes, even when indoors, that provide support and have thin nonslip soles.

If you have a pet, be mindful of where they are to avoid tripping over them. Do not walk in socks, stockings, or slippers.

Be careful on highly polished floors that are slick and dangerous, especially when wet, and walk on plastic or carpet runners when possible.

Be sure carpets and area rugs have skid-proof backing or are tacked to the floor. Use double-stick tape to keep rugs from slipping. Be sure stairs are well lit and have rails on both sides.

Install grab bars on bathroom walls near the tub, shower, and toilet. Use a rubber bathmat or slip-proof seat in the shower or tub. Improve lighting in your home. Use nightlights or keep a flashlight next to your bed in case you need to get up at night. Use a sturdy stepstool with a handrail and wide steps.

Add more lights in rooms. In addition, if you fall, you can call for help. Consider having a personal emergency-response system; you can use it to call for help if you fall. Other tips that can help you manage your osteoporosis include: Talking with other people who have osteoporosis.

Reaching out to family and friends for support. Learning about the disorder and treatments to help you make decisions about your care.

Download PDF. View all Diseases and Conditions. Learn About Research Find a Clinical Trial. Read Journal Articles. Related Information Exercise for Your Bone Health. Bone Mineral Density Tests: What the Numbers Mean. Osteoporosis in Men.

Bone Health and Osteoporosis: What it Means to You. Fewer hip fractures may be associated with reductions in smoking, heavy drinking Press Release Jul 27, NIH researchers discover gene for rare disease of excess bone tissue growth Press Release Mar 31, Last Reviewed: December The T-score shows how your bone density compares to the optimal peak bone density for your gender.

The Z-score shows how your bone density compares to the bone densities of others who are the same age, gender, and ethnicity. Related Links. FDA Reducing Radiation from Medical X-rays external icon Pediatric X-ray Imaging external icon Radiology and Children: Extra Care Required external icon X-Rays, Pregnancy and You external icon Medical X-rays: How Much Radiation are You Getting external icon Image Gently What Parents should Know about Medical Radiation Safety pdf icon [PDF — kb] external icon Educational Materials external icon EPA RadTown USA Medical X-Rays external icon Radiation Protection Guidance for Diagnostic and Interventional X-Ray Procedures external icon US National Library of Medicine Diagnostic Imaging external icon.

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Your doctor will use this percentage to discuss if you have a low, moderate or high risk. Your doctor will decide whether further tests, procedures, follow-up care or additional treatment are needed.

Preparing children before a test or procedure can help lower their anxiety, increase their cooperation and develop their coping skills. This includes explaining to children what will happen during the test, such as what they will see, feel and hear.

Preparing a child for a bone density scan depends on the age and experience of the child. Find out more about helping your child cope with tests and treatments.

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Home Treatments Tests and procedures Bone density scan Print. Bone density scan. label }} In Bone density scan {{ target. label }}. Why a bone density scan is done. How a bone density scan is done. You can eat normally but should not take calcium supplements for 24 hours before the test.

Side effects. What the results mean. What happens if the results are abnormal. Special considerations for children.

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