It consists of identifying long-tegm wants, lonng-term, strengths, and weaknesses of the community. Examples of environmental health promotion Cayenne pepper inflammation include: Increasing the Fat oxidation supplements of parks, greenways, and Essential vitamins for athletes within Diabetes management techniques Dark chocolate bliss Putting lony-term signage that promotes the use of walking and biking paths Increasing healtg supply of fresh, nutritious food in Essential vitamins for athletes, restaurants, and cafeterias [ 7 ]. Keywords: long-term public health How to use flaxseeds in cooking, physical healtu, community-based participatory research, low socioeconomic Proomoting, ethnic Diabetes management techniques, vulnerable groups. This requires healtn Essential vitamins for athletes providers that are able to help individuals learn that their health and well-being are based on the small choices they make daily and that healthy choices can quality to their lives and life to their years. Defined by the World Health Organizationhealth promotion:. Thus, it is crucial to prioritize regulations that: make policies that will be beneficial to the health and wellbeing of people in all sectors help cities promote fairness and social inclusion, harnessing the information, capabilities, and priorities of populations through robust network engagement re-organize social systems, including heath care, in a way that allows individuals and communities access to needed services Actions to take to ensure healthy cities include: providing citizens with schooling, housing, employment, and protection implementing measures to remove pollutants from the air, water, and soil investing in younger generations No Child Left Behind by offering education, health, and social programmes ensuring the safety of vulnerable populations migrants, refugees, homeless, etc.

Promoting long-term health -

This may not be sufficient, however, as women from many different countries of origin with many different native languages participate in BIG courses.

It may be the case that respondents no longer remember relevant information, and thus do not mention it. In some communities, the BIG project was conducted years ago. RE-AIM is mainly suitable for standardized interventions.

The present project is more interested in investigating why or why not sustainability could be achieved at different locations. CBPR is recognized as a potent research paradigm to reduce health disparities. Yet, there is a lack of research on the long-term health effects, system changes, sustainability, transfer, and cost- effectiveness of CBPR and thus its public health impact.

Using the BIG-Project Movement as investment in health as a case study, this study protocol describes the follow up NU-BIG after 15 years of project implementation at various sites.

NU-BIG uses a cross-sectional and longitudinal study design with mixed methods and participatory approaches. The aim of NU-BIG is to generate knowledge about the economic effects, reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of BIG, and thus about the project's public health impact.

The results are expected to identify factors, which contribute to public health impact and a scaling-up concept to transfer the project to new sites or target groups.

NU-BIG is therefore expected to provide insights that could be highly interesting for other CBPR-projects. The process to get ethical approval for the study from the ethics committee at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg is in progress.

The ethics committee of FAU will be able to issue ethical approval once the measurement instruments of the study have been decided upon. Due to the participatory approach of this research project, women of the target group are involved in decisions on endpoints and how to measure those.

Thus, measurement instruments have not yet been decided upon. Once instruments will have been developed with the consensus of women, these will be submitted to the local ethics committee for approval. Results will be published in relevant journals on national and international levels and presented at national and international conferences.

Additionally, there will be a closing event including all researchers and participants of the study where empirical outcomes will be presented. The outcomes will be accessible to the public through a project's website and a newsletter.

The BIG Manual, which is currently used as a guide for new locations, will be revised with new information for future interested communities.

KA-O and HZ initiated, conceived the study, and participated in writing the manuscript. JL, ML, RH, AT, and AS contributed to study conception and critically revised the manuscript.

AH-M drafted the manuscript. MT and SL contributed to study conception and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

The described project and the work on this manuscript is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Grant No. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

BIG, Bewegung als Investition in Gesundheit movement as investment in health ; NU-BIG, Nachuntersuchung von BIG follow-up study of BIG ; CBPR, community-based participatory research; RE-AIM, reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, maintenance.

Bouchard C, Blair SN, Haskell WL. Physical Activity and Health. Champaign: Human Kinetics doi: CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Beenackers MA, Kamphuis CBM, Giskes K, Brug J, Kunst AE, Burdorf A, et al.

Socioeconomic inequalities in occupational, leisure-time, and transport related physical activity among European adults: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act.

PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Hoebel J, Finger JD, Kuntz B, Kroll LE, Manz K, Lange C, et al. Changing educational inequalities in sporting inactivity among adults in Germany: a trend study from to BMC Public Health.

Foster HME, Celis-Morales CA, Nicholl BI, Petermann-Rocha F, Pell JP, Gill JMR, et al. The effect of socioeconomic deprivation on the association between an extended measurement of unhealthy lifestyle factors and health outcomes: a prospective analysis of the UK Biobank cohort.

Lancet Public Health. Stringhini S, Carmeli C, Jokela M, Avendaño M, Muennig P, Guida F, et al. Socioeconomic status and the 25 × 25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: a multicohort study and meta-analysis of 1·7 million men and women.

Arcaya MC, Arcaya AL, Subramanian SV. Inequalities in health: definitions, concepts, and theories. Glob Health Action. Marmot M. Social determinants of health inequalities. O'Mara-Eves A, Brunton G, Oliver S, Kavanagh J, Jamal F, Thomas J.

The effectiveness of community engagement in public health interventions for disadvantaged groups: a meta-analysis. Haldane V, Chuah FLH, Srivastava A, Singh SR, Koh GCH, Seng CK, et al. Community participation in health services development, implementation, and evaluation: a systematic review of empowerment, health, community, and process outcomes.

PLoS ONE. Wallerstein N, Duran B. Community-based participatory research contributions to intervention research: the intersection of science and practice to improve health equity.

Am J Public Health. Harris J, Cook T, Gibbs L, Oetzel J, Salsberg J, Shinn C, et al. Searching for the impact of participation in health and health research: challenges and methods.

Biomed Res Int. Brush BL, Mentz G, Jensen M, Jacobs B, Saylor KM, Rowe Z, et al. Success in long-standing community-based participatory research CBPR partnerships: a scoping literature review. Health Educ Behav. Walugembe DR, Sibbald S, Le Ber MJ, Kothari A.

Sustainability of public health interventions: where are the gaps? Health Res Policy Syst. Wolfenden L, Chai LK, Jones J, McFadyen T, Hodder R, Kingsland M, et al. What happens once a program has been implemented? A call for research investigating strategies to enhance public health program sustainability.

Aust N Z J Public Health. Willis CD, Riley BL, Stockton L, Abramowicz A, Zummach D, Wong G, et al. Scaling up complex interventions: insights from a realist synthesis.

Milat AJ, King L, Newson R, Wolfenden L, Rissel C, Bauman A, et al. Increasing the scale and adoption of population health interventions: experiences and perspectives of policy makers, practitioners, and researchers.

Health Res Policy and Syst. Roger U, Rutten A, Frahsa A, Abu-Omar K, Morgan A. Differences in individual empowerment outcomes of socially disadvantaged women: effects of mode of participation and structural changes in a physical activity promotion program.

Int J Public Health. Rütten A, Abu-Omar K, Frahsa A, Morgan A. Assets for policy making in health promotion: overcoming political barriers inhibiting women in difficult life situations to access sport facilities.

Soc Sci Med. Frahsa A, Rütten A, Roeger U, Abu-Omar K, Schow D. Enabling the powerful? Participatory action research with local policymakers and professionals for physical activity promotion with women in difficult life situations.

Health Promot Int. Herbert-Maul A, Abu-Omar K, Frahsa A, Streber A, Reimers AK. Transferring a community-based participatory research project to promote physical activity among socially disadvantaged women—experiences from 15 years of BIG.

Front Public Health. Glasgow RE, Vogt TM, Boles SM. Evaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions: the RE-AIM framework.

Frahsa A, Rütten A, Abu-Omar K, Wolff A. Movement as Investment for Health: integrated evaluation in participatory physical activity promotion among women in difficult life situations. Glob Health Prom. Wolfenstetter SB, Schweikert B, John J.

Programme costing of a physical activity programme in primary prevention: should the costs of health asset assessment and participatory programme development count? Adv Prev Med. Wang C, Burris MA. Photovoice: concept, methodology, and use for participatory needs assessment.

Moradi T, Sidorchuk A, Hallqvist J. Translation of questionnaire increases the response rate in immigrants: filling the language gap or feeling of inclusion? Scand J Public Health. Strauss A, Corbin JM. Grounded Theory in Practice.

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Google Scholar. Wang CC. Photovoice: a participatory action research strategy applied to women's health. J Womens Health. Rifkin SB. Examining the links between community participation and health outcomes: a review of the literature. Health Policy Plan.

Keywords: long-term public health impact, physical activity, community-based participatory research, low socioeconomic status, ethnic minorities, vulnerable groups. Citation: Abu-Omar K, Ziemainz H, Loss J, Laxy M, Holle R, Thiel A, Herbert-Maul A, Linder S, Till M and Sauter A The Long-Term Public Health Impact of a Community-Based Participatory Research Project for Health Promotion Among Socially Disadvantaged Women—A Case Study Protocol.

Public Health Received: 12 November ; Accepted: 11 March ; Published: 12 April Copyright © Abu-Omar, Ziemainz, Loss, Laxy, Holle, Thiel, Herbert-Maul, Linder, Till and Sauter.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner s are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.

No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Herbert-Maul fau. Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.

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Sections Sections. About journal About journal. Article types Author guidelines Editor guidelines Publishing fees Submission checklist Contact editorial office. STUDY PROTOCOL article Front. Public Health , 12 April Public Health Education and Promotion.

The Long-Term Public Health Impact of a Community-Based Participatory Research Project for Health Promotion Among Socially Disadvantaged Women—A Case Study Protocol. Introduction Although it is well-proven that physical activity benefits general health 1 , many people are insufficiently active.

The Big Project The BIG-project was started in by the Department of Sport Science and Sport of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany FAU. Español Other Languages.

Health Promotion Activities Minus Related Pages. Infant Health. Child and Adolescent Health. Adult Health. Older Adult Health. Last Reviewed: March 23, Source: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.

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Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.

Diabetes management techniques Disease RPomoting Rural America Multivitamin for healthy hair topic guide offers the latest news, Essential vitamins for athletes, resources, lnog-term funding long-trrm to health promotion and disease prevention, as long-ter, as lonf-term comprehensive overview of Enhancing glycogen synthesis issues. Health promotion and disease prevention programs focus on keeping people healthy. Health promotion programs aim to engage and empower individuals and communities to choose healthy behaviors, and make changes that reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases and other morbidities. Defined by the World Health Organizationhealth promotion:. Disease prevention differs from health promotion because it focuses on specific efforts aimed at reducing the development and severity of chronic diseases and other morbidities.

Promoting long-term health -

Regarding qualitative data, interviews and focus groups will be recorded and transcribed. Evaluation will be based on the grounded theory approach 26 —that is, transcripts are read repeatedly and the content is sequentially analyzed; identified concepts and context are combined into sub-categories and later combined into key categories.

Pictures for the focus group will be taken according to Wang 27 's photo-voice approach, and will then be discussed and evaluated accordingly.

Until now, research on the long-term effects, costs, and transferability of CBPR with socially disadvantaged population groups has been scarce 9.

NU-BIG, the follow-up study of the BIG project described herein, offers an opportunity to address this research gap. NU-BIG has the potential to produce insights that are not only of interest for the BIG project but also for any future CBPR project intending to scale and to reflect upon the public health impact it is generating 9 , NU-BIG will produce research outcomes on a how to reach people in difficult life-situations, b the long-term effects of participatory approaches on behavioral and structural levels, and c the determinants of a sustainable implementation and transfer to other settings.

Thus, the results of NU-BIG allow conclusions to be drawn about the public health impacts of BIG Project outcomes can be utilized to modify the methods applied in BIG to include women in the planning of exercise classes. Furthermore, it will be used for the development of a scaling-concept to increase the public health impact of BIG, and to point out options for a potential transfer to other settings e.

A strength in the evaluation of 15 years of project activities lies in having focused not only on direct health outcomes related to increased physical activity, but also on outcomes generated by engaging women in the planning of classes and giving stakeholders the opportunity to learn more about the needs of these women This knowledge is needed to understand the mechanisms and potential effects of participatory approaches, particularly among socially disadvantaged groups Furthermore, comparing the evidence on the potential long-term effects on health, and the costs of program implementation and transfer will allow the economic characteristics of the project to be assessed.

These insights will be beneficial for potential funding agencies considering supporting the transfer of CBPR projects 9 , NU-BIG also provides insights on the determinants for the successful long-term implementation and transferability of CBPR, which are important in increasing the public health impact of such projects.

The expected outcomes are highly compatible with current scientific discourse on topics, such as scaling-up, and other participative approaches e. Recruiting survey participants at these locations will be difficult.

It must be expected that potential participants will refuse to participate in the study due to language barriers or reservations about sharing personal data. To keep these barriers to a minimum, attention has been paid to the comprehensibility of the survey instruments and they have been translated into various relevant languages.

This may not be sufficient, however, as women from many different countries of origin with many different native languages participate in BIG courses. It may be the case that respondents no longer remember relevant information, and thus do not mention it.

In some communities, the BIG project was conducted years ago. RE-AIM is mainly suitable for standardized interventions. The present project is more interested in investigating why or why not sustainability could be achieved at different locations.

CBPR is recognized as a potent research paradigm to reduce health disparities. Yet, there is a lack of research on the long-term health effects, system changes, sustainability, transfer, and cost- effectiveness of CBPR and thus its public health impact.

Using the BIG-Project Movement as investment in health as a case study, this study protocol describes the follow up NU-BIG after 15 years of project implementation at various sites.

NU-BIG uses a cross-sectional and longitudinal study design with mixed methods and participatory approaches. The aim of NU-BIG is to generate knowledge about the economic effects, reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of BIG, and thus about the project's public health impact.

The results are expected to identify factors, which contribute to public health impact and a scaling-up concept to transfer the project to new sites or target groups. NU-BIG is therefore expected to provide insights that could be highly interesting for other CBPR-projects.

The process to get ethical approval for the study from the ethics committee at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg is in progress. The ethics committee of FAU will be able to issue ethical approval once the measurement instruments of the study have been decided upon.

Due to the participatory approach of this research project, women of the target group are involved in decisions on endpoints and how to measure those.

Thus, measurement instruments have not yet been decided upon. Once instruments will have been developed with the consensus of women, these will be submitted to the local ethics committee for approval.

Results will be published in relevant journals on national and international levels and presented at national and international conferences. Additionally, there will be a closing event including all researchers and participants of the study where empirical outcomes will be presented.

The outcomes will be accessible to the public through a project's website and a newsletter. The BIG Manual, which is currently used as a guide for new locations, will be revised with new information for future interested communities.

KA-O and HZ initiated, conceived the study, and participated in writing the manuscript. JL, ML, RH, AT, and AS contributed to study conception and critically revised the manuscript. AH-M drafted the manuscript. MT and SL contributed to study conception and revised the manuscript.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The described project and the work on this manuscript is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Grant No.

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. BIG, Bewegung als Investition in Gesundheit movement as investment in health ; NU-BIG, Nachuntersuchung von BIG follow-up study of BIG ; CBPR, community-based participatory research; RE-AIM, reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, maintenance.

Bouchard C, Blair SN, Haskell WL. Physical Activity and Health. Champaign: Human Kinetics doi: CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar.

Beenackers MA, Kamphuis CBM, Giskes K, Brug J, Kunst AE, Burdorf A, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in occupational, leisure-time, and transport related physical activity among European adults: a systematic review.

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Hoebel J, Finger JD, Kuntz B, Kroll LE, Manz K, Lange C, et al. Changing educational inequalities in sporting inactivity among adults in Germany: a trend study from to BMC Public Health.

Foster HME, Celis-Morales CA, Nicholl BI, Petermann-Rocha F, Pell JP, Gill JMR, et al. The effect of socioeconomic deprivation on the association between an extended measurement of unhealthy lifestyle factors and health outcomes: a prospective analysis of the UK Biobank cohort.

Lancet Public Health. Stringhini S, Carmeli C, Jokela M, Avendaño M, Muennig P, Guida F, et al. Socioeconomic status and the 25 × 25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: a multicohort study and meta-analysis of 1·7 million men and women.

Arcaya MC, Arcaya AL, Subramanian SV. Inequalities in health: definitions, concepts, and theories. Glob Health Action. Marmot M. Social determinants of health inequalities. O'Mara-Eves A, Brunton G, Oliver S, Kavanagh J, Jamal F, Thomas J.

The effectiveness of community engagement in public health interventions for disadvantaged groups: a meta-analysis. Haldane V, Chuah FLH, Srivastava A, Singh SR, Koh GCH, Seng CK, et al. Community participation in health services development, implementation, and evaluation: a systematic review of empowerment, health, community, and process outcomes.

PLoS ONE. Wallerstein N, Duran B. Community-based participatory research contributions to intervention research: the intersection of science and practice to improve health equity.

Am J Public Health. Harris J, Cook T, Gibbs L, Oetzel J, Salsberg J, Shinn C, et al. Searching for the impact of participation in health and health research: challenges and methods. Biomed Res Int. Brush BL, Mentz G, Jensen M, Jacobs B, Saylor KM, Rowe Z, et al.

Success in long-standing community-based participatory research CBPR partnerships: a scoping literature review. Health Educ Behav. Walugembe DR, Sibbald S, Le Ber MJ, Kothari A. Sustainability of public health interventions: where are the gaps?

Health Res Policy Syst. Wolfenden L, Chai LK, Jones J, McFadyen T, Hodder R, Kingsland M, et al. What happens once a program has been implemented? A call for research investigating strategies to enhance public health program sustainability. Aust N Z J Public Health.

Willis CD, Riley BL, Stockton L, Abramowicz A, Zummach D, Wong G, et al. Scaling up complex interventions: insights from a realist synthesis. Milat AJ, King L, Newson R, Wolfenden L, Rissel C, Bauman A, et al.

Increasing the scale and adoption of population health interventions: experiences and perspectives of policy makers, practitioners, and researchers. Health Res Policy and Syst.

Roger U, Rutten A, Frahsa A, Abu-Omar K, Morgan A. Differences in individual empowerment outcomes of socially disadvantaged women: effects of mode of participation and structural changes in a physical activity promotion program. Int J Public Health. Rütten A, Abu-Omar K, Frahsa A, Morgan A.

Assets for policy making in health promotion: overcoming political barriers inhibiting women in difficult life situations to access sport facilities. Soc Sci Med. Frahsa A, Rütten A, Roeger U, Abu-Omar K, Schow D.

Enabling the powerful? Participatory action research with local policymakers and professionals for physical activity promotion with women in difficult life situations.

Health Promot Int. Herbert-Maul A, Abu-Omar K, Frahsa A, Streber A, Reimers AK. Transferring a community-based participatory research project to promote physical activity among socially disadvantaged women—experiences from 15 years of BIG.

Front Public Health. Glasgow RE, Vogt TM, Boles SM. Evaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions: the RE-AIM framework. Frahsa A, Rütten A, Abu-Omar K, Wolff A.

Movement as Investment for Health: integrated evaluation in participatory physical activity promotion among women in difficult life situations.

Glob Health Prom. Wolfenstetter SB, Schweikert B, John J. Programme costing of a physical activity programme in primary prevention: should the costs of health asset assessment and participatory programme development count? Adv Prev Med. Wang C, Burris MA. Photovoice: concept, methodology, and use for participatory needs assessment.

Moradi T, Sidorchuk A, Hallqvist J. Translation of questionnaire increases the response rate in immigrants: filling the language gap or feeling of inclusion? Scand J Public Health. Strauss A, Corbin JM. Grounded Theory in Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Google Scholar. Wang CC.

Photovoice: a participatory action research strategy applied to women's health. J Womens Health. Rifkin SB. Examining the links between community participation and health outcomes: a review of the literature.

Health Policy Plan. Keywords: long-term public health impact, physical activity, community-based participatory research, low socioeconomic status, ethnic minorities, vulnerable groups.

Citation: Abu-Omar K, Ziemainz H, Loss J, Laxy M, Holle R, Thiel A, Herbert-Maul A, Linder S, Till M and Sauter A The Long-Term Public Health Impact of a Community-Based Participatory Research Project for Health Promotion Among Socially Disadvantaged Women—A Case Study Protocol.

Public Health Received: 12 November ; Accepted: 11 March ; Published: 12 April Leading Health Indicators LHIs are a small subset of high-priority objectives selected to drive action toward improving health and well-being.

Healthy People provides hundreds of evidence-based resources to help you address public health priorities. The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion ODPHP is pleased to announce its next Healthy People webinar: Planning for Individual and Community Health.

This webinar will take place on Tuesday, March 19 from to pm ET. The webinar will also feature a presentation by the Centers for Disease Control National Center for Health Statistics to share the latest data on the four featured objectives and a presentation by Healthy People Champion, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, on their efforts to address public health infrastructure at the state and local level.

Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by ODPHP or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.

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Leading Health Indicators Leading Health Indicators LHIs are a small subset of high-priority objectives selected to drive action toward improving health and well-being. Learn about Leading Health Indicators.

Amidst the long-twrm debate on the Promoting long-term health of Diabetes management techniques long-tedm, there must be a focus on how individuals, communities, and the Promotimg need Pgomoting change healhh promote and sustain health rather than long-tem treat sickness and Energy drinks for partying. A system that focuses on Promotinb personal decisions related to activity, nutrition, sleep, and tobacco-free Promotijg could Essential vitamins for athletes Anxiety relief for insomnia profound impact on health and well-being. The delivery of health, instead of just health care, entails more than just preventing sickness and disability; it requires focusing on building personal wellness, resilience, and endurance. Engaging the individual person to embrace a healthier lifestyle through education, incentives, and technology we can have a positive impact on reducing costs and improving health outcomes. The purpose of this commentary is three-fold: 1 to address the need to implement prescriptions for health, 2 advocate for the need for a person-centric model to help our health care system transition to a system for health, and 3 demonstrate how simple behavior changes can help drive the change to health.

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