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Citrus Bioflavonoids l LifeSeasons Weekly Tonic Episode 69 E-mail: liguijie cric. By establishing protectionn effective bioflavoniods B Citrus bioflavonoids and sun protection radiation buoflavonoids Citrus bioflavonoids and sun protection skin Citurs in mice, the effect of lemon peel flavonoids LPF on skin Citrus bioflavonoids and sun protection was explored. UVB skin proection in Blood glucose monitoring techniques mice Cittrus simulated, and animal models were established. The experimental results Citfus that LPF increased the activity Metabolism boosting tips catalase CAT Citrua superoxide dismutase SOD oxidases biflavonoids serum of mice with UVB-induced skin damage and decreased MDA, interleukin-1β IL-1βIL-6, IL, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF-α levels. Pathological observation indicated that LPF alleviated the skin tissue lesions caused by UVB. LPF upregulated the mRNA expression of SOD1SOD2CATnuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 Nrf2heme oxygenase-1 HO-1and inhibitor of NF-κB alpha IκB-α and downregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B NF-κBp38 MAPKand cyclooxygenase-2 COX-2 in the skin tissue of skin-damaged mice. There was a greater protective effect of LPF on the skin as compared to vitamin C VC at the same application concentration, and the effect of LPF was positively correlated with the concentration.Citrus bioflavonoids and sun protection -
A wide range of biological and pharmacological activities have been reported for hesperidin [68] [74]. Citrus fruits and their flavonoids have potent anti-aging and photoprotective effects on the skin and could serve as powerful bioactive skincare agents [75]. The effects of hesperidin on UVA-induced skin oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms of action, were evaluated in human keratinocytes [76].
The results of this study indicated that hesperidin directly protects cells from UVA-induced cell damage. These data indicate that hesperidin protects keratinocytes from both UVA- and UVB-induced damage and may involve anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.
Consequently, the authors of this study suggested that hesperidin might be a useful sunscreen agent. Hesperidin was also investigated for its ability to prevent apoptosis due to UVB-generated oxidative cellular stress. Furthermore, hesperidin scavenged the 2,2-Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner [77].
In summary, the results indicate that hesperidin may scavenge ROS, absorb UVB irradiation and regulate apoptotic proteins, thus protecting human keratinocytes against UV damage.
Additionally, we observed in our laboratory that a preparation of hesperidin-rich Citrus aurantium extract, combined with vitamin C and grape seed extract Vináli , quite rapidly and thoroughly scavenged the DPPH radical.
The immune-modulatory activity of hesperidin was observed in multiple studies. The same dose of hesperidin was also found to increase the development of immunological memory in the cellular immune response. Treatment of UVA-irradiated human fibroblasts with 0. Naringenin and naringin, well-known antioxidants, have been shown to extend the life span and health of the Caenorhabditis elegans under normal conditions as well as during UVA-induced stress.
This may be due to regulation of two stress-responsive genes skn-1 and sir Further, a synergistic anti-aging effect was observed when a combination of these compounds, in equal ratios by weight, were tested. Jung et al.
studied on the effect of naringenin on UVB-induced matrix MMP-1 expression and its direct target [82]. Like all-trans retinoic acid, a US FDA approved anti-wrinkle drug, naringenin was found to significantly inhibit UVB-induced MMP-1 expression.
This effect was further confirmed by an immunofluorescence experiment within the study. Naringin decreases oxidative UVB radiation damage in NIH-3T3 cells and the associated inflammatory response by modulating PPAR- γ expression. As such, it can effectively prevent UVB-mediated DNA damage, photoaging, and apoptosis [83].
In another in vitro assay, fresh and oven-dried grapefruit peel extracts displayed strong cytoprotective properties in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell cultures at concentrations ranging from 0. Didymin from citrus fruit was reported to reduce the effects of UV stress on nematodes C.
elegans by decreasing ROS levels and increasing superoxide dismutase SOD activity [84]. ROS levels are correlated with age-related phenotype. UV-induced bodily damage causes an increase in ROS levels. But didymin, at 0. Kim et al.
The results of this study indicate that HMF inhibits collagenase activity, increases type I procollagen content in UV-induced HDFn cells and suppresses MMP-1 expression. In addition, HMF was found to affect the MAPK signaling pathway. These results suggest that HMF may possess photoprotective properties.
Lee et al. investigated the anti-photoaging potential of hesperidin on dorsal skin in hairless mice [85]. Every day, six-week-old hairless male mice were administered 0. These animals were then exposed to UV light, and changes in skin wrinkle length and depth were measured.
In the hesperidin-treated group, the average length and depth of wrinkles were significantly less than in the control group. Further, hesperidin may reduce expression of MMP-9 and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Hesperidin was reported to decrease tryptophan intensity and interact with collagenase. It may inhibit metalloproteinases collagenase, elastases, and hyaluronidases by chelating their metal ions.
Further, a face cream containing hesperidin nanoparticles - nm may reduce black circles in the under eye region. Additionally, daily topical application of a hesperidin nanoemulsion led to a significant skin whitening, reduction in trans-epidermal water loss, and inhibition of skin irritation after exposure to UV rays [86].
Immature Citrus unshiu powder ICP contains high concentrations of flavonoids such as hesperidin and narirutin. Ingestion of ICP increased epidermal cell growth, suppressed epidermal cell mortality and prevented basement membrane destruction in the skin of UVB irradiated hairless mice [87].
ICP also improved skin hydration and decreased transepidermal water loss. An SKH-1 hairless mouse model was also employed to study the anti-photoaging of naringenin in vivo [82]. In this model, the dorsal skin was exposed to UVB three times a week with the irradiation dose being increased weekly from 1 MED to 4 MED.
The 4 MED UV dose was maintained until 15 weeks, after which skin surface impression were obtained and analyzed. During this study, the naringenin-treated group experienced significantly less MMP expression. This inhibitory effect occurred mainly through the blockage of ERK2 kinase activity.
Martinez et al. applied a topical naringenin containing formulation to hairless mice to examine its potential for reducing UVB irradiation-induced skin inflammation and oxidative damage [88]. The topical application of the naringenin formulation protected mouse skin by inhibiting edema and cytokine production TNF- α , IL-1 β , IL-6, and IL In an experiment performed by Tirkey et al.
Hesperidin fed to mice also reduced superoxide generation in electron transfer and concerted proton transfer reactions [90]. A recent review of computational and experimental studies revealed that hesperidin, together with other flavonoids such as naringin, may outperform other drugs in COVID prophylaxis and treatment clinical trials [91].
Hesperidin appears to have high binding affinity for the main cellular receptors of SARS-CoV-2 and possibly dampens excessive proinflammatory responses by the immune system. Hesperidin strongly inhibited rotavirus infectivity. A combination of citrus bioflavonoids and rosemary extract was evaluated for its photoprotective potential using human HaCaT keratinocytes as well as human volunteers.
The combination of these two ingredients increased survival rates of HaCaT cells, following UVB irradiation, more than the individual extracts alone, suggesting potential synergic effects.
The combination also decreased UVB-induced intracellular ROS and prevented DNA damage. It also decreased ex-vivo chromosomal aberrations in X-irradiated human lymphocytes isolated from the volunteers who had ingested it. The authors of this study suggested that ingestion of the combined extracts may be an alternative treatment to topical sunscreen application [92].
Exposure to UV light leads to skin inflammation. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials RCTs was conducted by Lorzadeh et al.
to evaluate the effect of hesperidin supplementation on inflammatory markers [93]. The authors used a random-effects model to examine the differences in inflammatory markers between hesperidin supplementation and a control group.
With participants included in the study, the analysis showed that hesperidin supplementation significantly decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 VCAM-1 levels. As VCAM-1 is a key cell adhesion molecule involved in inflammation, the results confirm the clinical anti-inflammatory properties of hesperidin supplementation.
A placebo-controlled, randomized and double-blinded clinical trial was performed to evaluate the impact of hesperidin supplementation on the cognitive function of 37 senior healthy adults 60 - 81 years of age [94].
In this trial, participants were assigned to drink of one of two dietary interventions twice per day. The study also found that the chronic consumption of hesperidin-rich juice significantly decreases diastolic blood pressure. This suggests that hesperidin-rich dietary interventions can prevent cognitive decline in neurodegenerative patients by increasing cerebral blood flow.
Dietary antioxidants have the potential to provide protection against skin photoaging. Results of in vitro , in vivo and human studies involving vitamin C, grape seed extract, and citrus bioflavonoids support the concept that antioxidant supplementation quenches UV-induced ROS generation in the skin.
Further, these substances also reduce inflammation and expression of proteolytic enzyme which are involved in the premature aging of the skin. Each of these well-known antioxidants exhibits multiple other health benefits to the human body.
Therefore, there is ample reason to recommend regular ingestion of these natural antioxidants as a means of maintaining skin health. The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
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Journal of the American Chemical Society, , and Pagliaro, M. Processes, 8, and Micol, V. and Salehi-Abargouei, A. Bioflavonoids are polyphenols naturally present in fruits and vegetable. High concentrations of bioflavonoids can be found especially in citrus fruits such as rosehips, limes, lemons, grapefruits, oranges, and blackcurrants.
The major bioflavonoids found in citrus fruits are diosmin, hesperidin, rutin, naringin, tangeretin, diosmetin, narirutin, neohesperidin, nobiletin, and quercetin. Bioflavonoids are strong antioxidants and free-radical scavengers that can be a cytoprotectant in situations where oxidants or chemicals become harmful to cells.
Bioflavonoids affect enzymatic lipid peroxidation due to their enzyme-inhibiting properties, as well as nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation due to their antioxidant properties. Contains no: Gluten, soy, wheat, eggs, dairy, yeast, preservatives, artificial flavour or colour, starch, or sugar.
Cautions and warnings: Do not use if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. Consult a health-care practitioner prior to use if you are taking any prescription medication or if you have hypertension or a known heart disease.
Known adverse reactions: Discontinue use and consult a health-care practitioner if hypersensitivity occurs e. I agree to receive notifications regarding products and services offered by New Roots Herbal. You can unsubscribe at any time.
See our Privacy Policy for more details. New Roots Herbal Inc, Rue F. English Français. Toggle navigation Close. View All Products. Catalogue and Pamphlets. Back to Products. Share now. Non GMO. Citrus Bioflavonoids Code UPC: NPN: Format: Vegetable Capsules Plus Hesperidin and Quercetin.
Citrus bioflavonoids are a type of phytonutrient found biovlavonoids citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, Citrud. They may have numerous health and bioflavlnoids benefits, Cirtus playing a role in our immune biofllavonoids and supporting cardiovascular Citrus bioflavonoids and sun protection, and a healthy immune system study. Peppermint tea for sleep Citrus bioflavonoids and sun protection may also be known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties to help neutralize free radicals study. Citrus bioflavonoids might also affect weight by differentiating the absorption of some fat from the diet study. Citrus bioflavonoids may be found in high concentrations in the peel and pulp of citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits. Citrus bioflavonoids may also be found in smaller amounts in the juice and flesh of these fruits. Citrus bioflavonoids may also be present in other foods, such as herbs, spices, tea, red wine, and dark chocolate.
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