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Hypertension in Older Adults: A case-based discussionWhat is hypertension? The best way to avoid the Hypertebsion of high blood pressure is to Water weight loss management it. Loder how you can lower your risk oldeer following a Hypertensiln lifestyle.
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure or HBP, is wdults of adluts most common chronic diseases affecting older adults —and a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Hypertension in older adults is Turbocharge fat burning medical Hypeftension that happens when your aduts pressure—the force adulhs the blood pushing against your artery adulte too high.
This increased pressure makes Elevate your problem-solving abilities harder for your heart to pump blood Hypertemsion your body. But a Hyeprtension period of continued high Mental focus through nutrition pressure oldrr cause cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and other serious health problems.
Ij reading is taken by applying a cuff on your arm that tightens and Hyperension slowly loosens, Turbocharge fat burning.
The unit used to measure blood pressure is Uncovering sports nutrition truths millimeters Hpyertension mercury mmHg. A reading has two numbers: the top number, which is the systolic pressure, and the bottom number, which is the diastolic pressure e.
Blood pressure levels are categorized according to this number. For most adults:. This diagnosis is usually based on the Hypertensiln of at least two Hjpertension taken during different visits.
What is the main cause of hypertension? There Hylertension Hypertension in older adults factors that affect your blood pressureincluding your hormone levels, the condition Arults your blood vessels and kidneys, and how much water and salt are in your body.
You may be at greater Recovery supplements for hypertension oleer you:. Men are more likely to oldeg high blood pressure im age 55, while women tend to experience it after menopause. You also have a higher chance adultz developing hypertension as you get older, since your blood vessel walls become adlts with age.
Other possible causes of hypertension oldre medical conditions like chronic kidney disease and even certain medications e. Other risk factors include Hypetrension and Hpertension. Most often, Liver Health Check, no single cause Hypertemsion hypertension is Htpertension.
Hypertension with no definite Best green tea pills is called oldrr hypertension. Glutamine and cognitive function blood pressure is often called a "silent killer," and with good reason: Many who have it Turbocharge fat burning Hypertensikn asymptomatic.
That means people adultd dangerously Turbocharge fat burning blood pressure often don't Recommended fat threshold there's anything wrong.
Most people discover they have hypertension during a doctor visit. Preventing and controlling hypertension is critical to your heart and brain health. When left untreated, hypertension can Hypegtension your vital organs, oldeg to life-changing and life-threatening medical problems such as:.
If you're diagnosed with high blood pressureOrganic sunflower seeds no reason to panic. Avults good news Vegan gluten-free options this un can often be Turbocharge fat burning with lifestyle changes that Hypeftension the Digestive health supplements heart-health guidelines.
Your doctor may tell Hypertensiob to:. To olddr your progress, your provider may have you monitor your blood pressure at home possibly several times a day.
Blood pressure monitors are available for purchase at most drugstores and online. Many pharmacies also have blood pressure machines that are free for you to use. Hypertension does not always respond to lifestyle changes, however.
In that case, your provider may prescribe blood pressure medication. The type and number of medicines you take will depend on your general health and how high your blood pressure numbers are.
The first line of defense for treating hypertension is often diuretics, otherwise known as water pills. These work by removing excess sodium and water from the body. Other drugs used to treat hypertension include angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers ARBscalcium channel blockers, and beta blockers.
In general, Medicare Part B does cover a yearly cardiovascular risk reduction appointment if you see a participating provider. During this visit, the provider will check your blood pressure and recommend natural ways to prevent hypertension. Original Medicare will not pay for medications used to treat hypertension, but most high blood pressure medicines are covered under Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage.
Medicare will cover an ambulatory blood pressure monitor once per year when ordered by a physician. This is usually advised if a doctor suspects that in-office blood pressure readings are inaccurate for a patient.
Traditional cuff-style monitors are not covered by Medicare, except for patients undergoing dialysis at home. The best way to avoid the health hazards of hypertension is to prevent it altogether. This can be done by following the same heart-smart behaviors used to treat high blood pressure: eat rightexercise, maintain a healthy weight, manage stress, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol use.
You should also get your blood pressure checked at least once a year—and more often if you have hypertension risk factors listed above or have had high numbers in the past. Older Adults and Hypertension: Beyond the Guideline for Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults, American College of Cardiology.
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Back to Main Menu Professionals Find Content Center for Benefits Access Center for Healthy Aging National Institute of Senior Centers Aging Mastery® NCOA Connect. Find us on Social. Heart Disease for Older Adults What Is Hypertension? A Straightforward Guide for Older Adults Jan 23, 6 min read.
Key Takeaways What is hypertension? How is hypertension diagnosed? For most adults: Normal blood pressure is a systolic pressure of less than and a diastolic pressure of less than Elevated blood pressure is a systolic pressure of with a diastolic pressure of less than High blood pressure hypertension is a systolic pressure of or higher, or a diastolic pressure of 80 or higher.
What are the causes of hypertension? You may be at greater risk for hypertension if you: Are African American Have a family history of HBP Have diabetes Are living with obesity Smoke, or drink alcohol excessively Consume a lot of salt Men are more likely to develop high blood pressure before age 55, while women tend to experience it after menopause.
What are the symptoms of hypertension? What happens to a person with hypertension? When left untreated, hypertension can damage your vital organs, leading to life-changing and life-threatening medical problems such as: Heart attack Stroke Heart disease Angina chest pain Kidney disease or failure Loss of vision Vascular dementia Aneurysms Sexual dysfunction Early detection is the key to avoiding lasting complications from hypertension.
What is the most effective treatment for hypertension? Your doctor may tell you to: Lose weight or maintain a healthy weight Follow a nutrient-dense diet rich in fiber and potassium Stay hydrated by drinking water throughout the day Limit your alcohol intake to no more than one drink or less per day.
If you drink alcohol, check with your doctor about what amount of alcohol is safe for you. Does Medicare cover high blood pressure treatment?
How can you prevent high blood pressure naturally? Source 1. Was this helpful? Yes No. Help Your Loved One Eat Well Eating well can be a challenge for the loved ones you're supporting. Explore More. Related Articles. Let's keep in touch.
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: Hypertension in older adults| What’s the best blood pressure target for older adults? | Management of hypertension in this heterogenous population, including those with established CAD, atrial fibrillation, and stroke, requires a comprehensive assessment and shared decision making between clinician and patient that focuses on patient preferences, medical comorbidities, life expectancy, treatment goals, and an appropriate balance between risks and benefits. Did you know that your browser is out of date? Drawing blood to lower bodily iron stores and restricting dietary iron are common approaches to managing this condition. Am J Nephrol. The metabolomic paradigm of pharmacogenomics in complex disorders. |
| Management of Hypertension in the Elderly and Frail Patient | Among them, 2, respondents reported using antihypertensive medication. Of those treated with medication, 1, were controlled and were uncontrolled. Figure 1 presents the prevalence of hypertension treatment and control among the hypertensive population by sex and age group. SBP values for women were higher across most of the distribution, regardless of age group or control status, compared with men Figure 2. Women treated for hypertension were less likely than men treated for hypertension to be married or living common law, to smoke, to eat fruits or vegetables less than five times per day, to be overweight or obese, or to have diabetes or cardiovascular disease Table 1. On the other hand, treated women were more likely than treated men to be in the lowest income quintile, to participate in less than minutes per week of MVPA , to have non- HDL cholesterol of 4. Treated women were more likely to report using diuretics and NSAID s, and less likely to report using agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system or beta blockers. Among women, older age and diabetes were each associated with poorer hypertension control after covariate adjustment Table 2. Age, ethnicity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and NSAID use were each associated with hypertension control for men after covariate adjustment Table 2. The association between several characteristics and hypertension control varied between age groups. After covariate adjustment, white women aged 60 to 69 were more likely than non-white women to have their hypertension controlled, but this was not the case for women aged 70 to 79 Table 3. Women aged 60 to 69 who smoked were more likely to have their hypertension controlled, and men aged 60 to 69 in the lowest income quintile were less likely. These associations were not observed for women and men aged 70 to Applying the correction factors to adjust the average values of BpTRU TM SBP and DBP had little effect on the prevalence of hypertension results not shown or the prevalence of hypertension control Figure 3. However, the prevalence of hypertension control for women and men increased Figure 3. In the regression analysis, removing the diabetes-specific threshold eliminated the association between diabetes and hypertension control for both women and men. It also attenuated the association between hypertension control and ethnicity and cardiovascular disease for men results not shown. This study found that women and men aged 60 to 79 were equally likely to have hypertension. However, among those taking antihypertensive medication, almost one-third of women aged 70 to 79 did not have their hypertension controlled, a much higher percentage than for men. The SBP of women was also higher than that of men, regardless of control. Older age and diabetes were significantly associated with poorer hypertension control for women, after covariate adjustment. Older age, white ethnicity, diabetes, no cardiovascular disease, and NSAID use were associated with poorer hypertension control for men. Similar to other studies, Note 7 Note 13 this study found that the SBP of women was higher than that of men, regardless of age group or control status. Furthermore, isolated systolic hypertension was more prevalent among women than men results not shown. Median SBP values for women were substantially higher than those for men at ages 60 to 69 a difference of 4 mmHg and at ages 70 to 79 a difference of 9 mmHg. High SBP is of concern because of its significant association with the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. Note Older age was significantly associated with poorer hypertension control among women and men—a finding that is consistent with other studies. Note 6 Note 30 Age group modified the association between hypertension control and ethnicity and smoking for women, and between hypertension control and NSAID use for men. These results suggest that not only are women and men in older age groups at greater risk of poorer hypertension control, but that certain groups at older ages may be particularly at risk. Studies have found that older adults with uncontrolled hypertension are at increased risk of mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia, accelerated decline in physical function, and increased incidence of disability. Cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with improved hypertension control in men and was 1. Note 30 Similar to diabetes, existing cardiovascular disease is a strong predictor of recurrent events; therefore, hypertension control is emphasized, Note 4 resulting in improved patient adherence to treatment. Note 32 Note 33 Furthermore, medications such as agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system and beta blockers are recommended for people with cardiovascular disease, regardless of hypertension status. Note 4 This study found that these therapies were more commonly prescribed for men. Diabetes was significantly associated with poorer hypertension control and was more prevalent in men. Poor hypertension control in people with diabetes has been observed in many other studies. When the blood pressure targets for the general population were applied to people with and without diabetes in this study, hypertension control no longer differed between the two groups. The association of NSAID use with poorer control among men in the current study is consistent with the prohypertensive effect of these medications among those treated for hypertension. Note 35 Note 36 Note 37 Note 38 This association was not observed among women. This may be related to their less frequent use of certain antihypertensive medication classes found to be susceptible to an interaction with NSAID s, namely agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system Note 35 Note 38 and beta blockers. Note 37 Note This study has several strengths. The results are based on a nationally representative sample of respondents for whom SBP and DBP were assessed objectively using an automated device with high quality control. The comprehensive nature of the CHMS allowed many risk factors to be considered in the analysis, including BMI and physical activity based on measured data. At the same time, this analysis has some limitations. Statistical power was somewhat limited because of small sample sizes. Information about medication use was gathered directly from respondents and not verified in medical records. This may have led to some misclassification of conditions such as diabetes. The combined non-response rate for to year-olds in the four cycles of the CHMS was While the combined survey weight adjusted for non-response, some unknown bias might still exist if non-respondents to the CHMS differed systematically from respondents. Based on current blood pressure targets, differences in blood pressure control persist among women and men aged 60 to 79 taking antihypertensive medication in Canada. Ethnicity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and NSAID use were significantly associated with hypertension control for men, while diabetes was the only risk factor other than older age associated with control for women. Further research to better understand the underlying cause of these associations may help reduce disparities in hypertension control rates between women and men in Canada. Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a long-standing partnership between Statistics Canada, the citizens of Canada, its businesses, governments and other institutions. Accurate and timely statistical information could not be produced without their continued co-operation and goodwill. Statistics Canada is committed to serving its clients in a prompt, reliable and courteous manner. To this end, the Agency has developed standards of service which its employees observe in serving its clients. All rights reserved. Use of this publication is governed by the Statistics Canada Open Licence Agreement. Please contact us and let us know how we can help you. Health Reports Factors associated with hypertension control among older Canadians View the most recent version. Archived Content Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. This page has been archived on the Web. Release date: June 20, More information PDF version. For this article… Abstract Tables and charts. Figure 1 Prevalence of hypertension treatment and control by sex and age group, hypertensive household population aged 60 to 79, to Figure 2 Cumulative distribution of SBP mmHg among the hypertensive population aged 60 to 79 taking antihypertensive medication, by sex, age group and control status, to Table 1 Prevalence of risk factors among people treated for hypertension, by sex, household population aged 60 to 79, to Table 2 Model-adjusted risk ratios relating health behaviours and other characteristics to controlled hypertension by sex, household population aged 60 to 79 treated for hypertension, to Table 3 Model-adjusted risk ratios relating health behaviours and other characteristics to controlled hypertension by age group and by sex, household population aged 60 to 79 treated for hypertension, to Figure 3 Model-adjusted prevalence of hypertension control according to various hypertension criteria, by sex, household population aged 60 to 79 treated for hypertension, to For this article… Abstract Tables and Charts. Increasingly, however, doctors are reconsidering their approach to treating hypertension in older people. The recent findings mean older people should work with their physicians to bring their systolic blood pressure below mm Hg. For example, someone with a systolic blood pressure of mm Hg almost always needs at least two medications. Using lower doses of two different blood pressure medications is more effective than maximizing the dose of a single drug. The combination approach is also less likely to cause side effects. Moreover, many combinations are available as single pills, which is as easy for patients as taking just one drug. Julie Corliss , Executive Editor, Harvard Heart Letter. As a service to our readers, Harvard Health Publishing provides access to our library of archived content. Please note the date of last review or update on all articles. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician. An alarming one in three American adults has high blood pressure. Known medically as hypertension, many people don't even know they have it, because high blood pressure has no symptoms or warning signs. But when elevated blood pressure is accompanied by abnormal cholesterol and blood sugar levels, the damage to your arteries, kidneys, and heart accelerates exponentially. Fortunately, high blood pressure is easy to detect and treat. In the Special Health Report, Controlling Your Blood Pressure , find out how to keep blood pressure in a healthy range simply by making lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, increasing activity, and eating more healthfully. Thanks for visiting. Don't miss your FREE gift. The Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness , is yours absolutely FREE when you sign up to receive Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School. Sign up to get tips for living a healthy lifestyle, with ways to fight inflammation and improve cognitive health , plus the latest advances in preventative medicine, diet and exercise , pain relief, blood pressure and cholesterol management, and more. Get helpful tips and guidance for everything from fighting inflammation to finding the best diets for weight loss from exercises to build a stronger core to advice on treating cataracts. PLUS, the latest news on medical advances and breakthroughs from Harvard Medical School experts. Sign up now and get a FREE copy of the Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness. Stay on top of latest health news from Harvard Medical School. Recent Blog Articles. Flowers, chocolates, organ donation — are you in? What is a tongue-tie? What parents need to know. Which migraine medications are most helpful? How well do you score on brain health? Shining light on night blindness. Can watching sports be bad for your health? Beyond the usual suspects for healthy resolutions. January 1, By Julie Corliss , Executive Editor, Harvard Heart Letter For people over 60, intensive blood pressure lowering may prevent more heart problems than standard therapy. Fewer strokes and heart attacks After a year, the average systolic blood pressure in the standard group was mm Hg, compared with mm Hg in the intensive group. The historical view The incidence of high blood pressure clearly rises with age. About the Author. |
| High Blood Pressure and Older Adults | National Institute on Aging | These guidelines are provided only as assistance for physicians making clinical decisions regarding the care of their patients. As with all clinical reference resources, they reflect the best understanding of the science of medicine at the time of publication, but they should be used with the clear understanding that continued research may result in new knowledge and recommendations. These guidelines are only one element in the complex process of improving the health of America. To be effective, the guidelines must be implemented. search close. Clinical Practice Guideline s. Hypertension in Adults Over Treatment of Hypertension in Adults Over Age 60 Jointly Developed, January The guideline, Treatment of Hypertension in Adults Over Age 60 to Higher vs. Treatment goals should be based on a periodic discussion of the benefits and harms of specific blood pressure targets. Aging Clin Exp Res. Mallery LH, Allen M, Fleming I, Kelly K, Bowles S, Duncan J, et al. Promoting higher blood pressure targets for frail older adults: a consensus guideline from Canada. Cleve Clin J Med. PA, Oparil. S, Carter. BL, Cushman. WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb. C, Handler. J, et al. van Hateren KJ, Hendriks SH, Groenier KH, Bakker SJ, Bilo HJ, Kleefstra N, et al. Frailty and the relationship between blood pressure and mortality in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care J Hypertens. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar. V, Dallmeier. D, Brefka. S, Bollig. C, Voigt-Radloff. S, Denkinger. The Pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension in frail, older patients—a systematic review. Dtsch Arztebl Int. PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Benetos A, Labat C, Rossignol P, Fay R, Rolland Y, Valbusa F, et al. Treatment with multiple blood pressure medications, achieved blood pressure, and mortality in older nursing home residents: The PARTAGE Study. JAMA Intern Med. S-Y, Pan. W-H, Chang. H-Y, Wu C-I, Chen. C-Y, Hsu. Protective Effect of calcium channel blockers against frailty in older adults with hypertension. Bari MD, Poll-Franse LVVD, Onder G, Kritchevsky SB, Newman A, Harris TB. Antihypertensive medications and differences in muscle mass in older persons: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Onder G, Penninx BWJH, Balkrishnan R, Fried LP, Chaves PHM, Williamson J, et al. Relation between use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and muscle strength and physical function in older women: an observational study. Villar F, Pedro-Botet J, Vila R, Lahoz C. Aortic aneurysm. Clin Investig Arterioscler. Bravo-Merino L, Gonzalez-Lozano N, Maroto-Salmon R, Meijide-Santos G, Suarez-Gil P, Fananas-Mastral A. Validity of the abdominal ecography in primary care for detection of aorta abdominal aneurism in male between 65 and 75 years. Aten Primaria. Barbey SM, Scali ST, Kubilis P, Beck AW, Goodney P, Giles KA, et al. Interaction between frailty and sex on mortality after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. Arya S, Kim SI, Duwayri Y, Brewster LP, Veeraswamy R, Salam A, et al. Frailty increases the risk of day mortality, morbidity, and failure to rescue after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair independent of age and comorbidities. Umebayashi Ryoko, Uchida HaruhitoA, Wada J. Abdominal aortic aneurysm in aged population. Sakalihasan N, Michel JB, Katsargyris A, Kuivaniemi H, Defraigne JO, Nchimi A, et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysms. Nat Rev Dis Prim. Lee S, Lee S, Harada K, Bae S, Makizako H, Doi T, et al. Relationship between chronic kidney disease with diabetes or hypertension and frailty in community-dwelling Japanese older adults. Poveda V, Filgueiras M, Miranda V, Santos-Silva A, Paul C, Costa E. Frailty in end-stage renal disease patients under dialysis and its association with clinical and biochemical markers. Gobbens R, Jankowska-Polańska B, Chudiak A, Uchmanowicz I. Hypertension and frailty syndrome in old age: current perspectives. Card Fail Rev. Shaw BH, Borrel D, Sabbaghan K, Kum C, Yang Y, Robinovitch SN, et al. Relationships between orthostatic hypotension, frailty, falling and mortality in elderly care home residents. Tinetti ME, Han L, Lee DSH, McAvay GJ, Peduzzi P, Gross CP, et al. Antihypertensive medications and serious fall injuries in a nationally representative sample of older adults. KM, Evans GW, Shorr RI, Bates JT, Berlowitz D, Conroy MB, et al. Syncope, hypotension, and falls in the treatment of hypertension: results from the randomized clinical systolic blood pressure intervention trial. Raji MA, Al Snih S, Ostir GV, Markides KS, Ottenbacher KJ. Cognitive status and future risk of frailty in older Mexican Americans. Y, Matsuda S, Hatakeyama K, Sato Y, Imamura T, Shimada K, et al. Plasma Pentraxin 3, but not high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, is a useful inflammatory biomarker for predicting cognitive impairment in elderly hypertensive patients. Y, Inokuchi. T, Hoshide. S, Kanemaru. Y, Shimada. K, Kario. Association of poor physical function and cognitive dysfunction with high nocturnal blood pressure level in treated elderly hypertensive patients. Streit S, Poortvliet RKE, Elzen W, Blom JW, Gussekloo J. Systolic blood pressure and cognitive decline in older adults with hypertension. Ann Fam Med. MRH, Howlett. SE, Rockwood. Orthostatic hypotension OH and mortality in relation to age, blood pressure and frailty. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. I, Russo G, Coscia V, Aran L, Bulli G, Curcio F, et al. Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly: a marker of clinical frailty? Morley JE. Editorial: postprandial hypotension—the ultimate big Mac Attack. Zhang YN, Chen TL, Geng X, Gu GQ, Zheng HM, Yang XH, et al. Clinical observation of postprandial hypotension in patients with hypertensive and coronary heart disease. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi. LCM, Pel-Little RE, Jansen PAF, Jansen. High prevalence of postprandial and orthostatic hypotension among geriatric patients admitted to Dutch hospitals. Kamide K, Kabayama M. Implications of blood pressure variations in older populations. R, Hazra NC, Hamada S, Charlton J, Jackson SHD, Dregan A, et al. G, Tufan A, Karan MA. Under-representation of frail or medically compromised hypertensive older people. Golomb BA, Chan VT, Evans MA, Koperski S, White HL, Criqui MH. The older the better: are elderly study participants more non-representative? A cross-sectional analysis of clinical trial and observational study samples. Download references. Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, , Beijing, China. China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, , Beijing, China. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Lina Ma. Reprints and permissions. Liu, P. Frailty and hypertension in older adults: current understanding and future perspectives. Hypertens Res 43 , — Download citation. Received : 27 March Revised : 12 June Accepted : 16 June Published : 10 July Issue Date : December Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The Journal of nutrition, health and aging Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature hypertension research review articles article. Abstract Hypertension is an important factor affecting the health of older adults. Access through your institution. Buy or subscribe. Change institution. Learn more. 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Hypertension in older adults -
Figure 1 presents the prevalence of hypertension treatment and control among the hypertensive population by sex and age group. SBP values for women were higher across most of the distribution, regardless of age group or control status, compared with men Figure 2. Women treated for hypertension were less likely than men treated for hypertension to be married or living common law, to smoke, to eat fruits or vegetables less than five times per day, to be overweight or obese, or to have diabetes or cardiovascular disease Table 1.
On the other hand, treated women were more likely than treated men to be in the lowest income quintile, to participate in less than minutes per week of MVPA , to have non- HDL cholesterol of 4.
Treated women were more likely to report using diuretics and NSAID s, and less likely to report using agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system or beta blockers. Among women, older age and diabetes were each associated with poorer hypertension control after covariate adjustment Table 2.
Age, ethnicity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and NSAID use were each associated with hypertension control for men after covariate adjustment Table 2. The association between several characteristics and hypertension control varied between age groups.
After covariate adjustment, white women aged 60 to 69 were more likely than non-white women to have their hypertension controlled, but this was not the case for women aged 70 to 79 Table 3. Women aged 60 to 69 who smoked were more likely to have their hypertension controlled, and men aged 60 to 69 in the lowest income quintile were less likely.
These associations were not observed for women and men aged 70 to Applying the correction factors to adjust the average values of BpTRU TM SBP and DBP had little effect on the prevalence of hypertension results not shown or the prevalence of hypertension control Figure 3.
However, the prevalence of hypertension control for women and men increased Figure 3. In the regression analysis, removing the diabetes-specific threshold eliminated the association between diabetes and hypertension control for both women and men.
It also attenuated the association between hypertension control and ethnicity and cardiovascular disease for men results not shown. This study found that women and men aged 60 to 79 were equally likely to have hypertension.
However, among those taking antihypertensive medication, almost one-third of women aged 70 to 79 did not have their hypertension controlled, a much higher percentage than for men. The SBP of women was also higher than that of men, regardless of control. Older age and diabetes were significantly associated with poorer hypertension control for women, after covariate adjustment.
Older age, white ethnicity, diabetes, no cardiovascular disease, and NSAID use were associated with poorer hypertension control for men. Similar to other studies, Note 7 Note 13 this study found that the SBP of women was higher than that of men, regardless of age group or control status.
Furthermore, isolated systolic hypertension was more prevalent among women than men results not shown. Median SBP values for women were substantially higher than those for men at ages 60 to 69 a difference of 4 mmHg and at ages 70 to 79 a difference of 9 mmHg.
High SBP is of concern because of its significant association with the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. Note Older age was significantly associated with poorer hypertension control among women and men—a finding that is consistent with other studies. Note 6 Note 30 Age group modified the association between hypertension control and ethnicity and smoking for women, and between hypertension control and NSAID use for men.
These results suggest that not only are women and men in older age groups at greater risk of poorer hypertension control, but that certain groups at older ages may be particularly at risk. Studies have found that older adults with uncontrolled hypertension are at increased risk of mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia, accelerated decline in physical function, and increased incidence of disability.
Cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with improved hypertension control in men and was 1. Note 30 Similar to diabetes, existing cardiovascular disease is a strong predictor of recurrent events; therefore, hypertension control is emphasized, Note 4 resulting in improved patient adherence to treatment.
Note 32 Note 33 Furthermore, medications such as agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system and beta blockers are recommended for people with cardiovascular disease, regardless of hypertension status. Note 4 This study found that these therapies were more commonly prescribed for men.
Diabetes was significantly associated with poorer hypertension control and was more prevalent in men. Poor hypertension control in people with diabetes has been observed in many other studies. When the blood pressure targets for the general population were applied to people with and without diabetes in this study, hypertension control no longer differed between the two groups.
The association of NSAID use with poorer control among men in the current study is consistent with the prohypertensive effect of these medications among those treated for hypertension. Note 35 Note 36 Note 37 Note 38 This association was not observed among women.
This may be related to their less frequent use of certain antihypertensive medication classes found to be susceptible to an interaction with NSAID s, namely agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system Note 35 Note 38 and beta blockers.
Note 37 Note This study has several strengths. The results are based on a nationally representative sample of respondents for whom SBP and DBP were assessed objectively using an automated device with high quality control. The comprehensive nature of the CHMS allowed many risk factors to be considered in the analysis, including BMI and physical activity based on measured data.
At the same time, this analysis has some limitations. Statistical power was somewhat limited because of small sample sizes. Information about medication use was gathered directly from respondents and not verified in medical records. This may have led to some misclassification of conditions such as diabetes.
The combined non-response rate for to year-olds in the four cycles of the CHMS was While the combined survey weight adjusted for non-response, some unknown bias might still exist if non-respondents to the CHMS differed systematically from respondents.
Based on current blood pressure targets, differences in blood pressure control persist among women and men aged 60 to 79 taking antihypertensive medication in Canada. Ethnicity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and NSAID use were significantly associated with hypertension control for men, while diabetes was the only risk factor other than older age associated with control for women.
Further research to better understand the underlying cause of these associations may help reduce disparities in hypertension control rates between women and men in Canada.
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Archived Content Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. This page has been archived on the Web. Release date: June 20, More information PDF version. For this article… Abstract Tables and charts.
Figure 1 Prevalence of hypertension treatment and control by sex and age group, hypertensive household population aged 60 to 79, to Figure 2 Cumulative distribution of SBP mmHg among the hypertensive population aged 60 to 79 taking antihypertensive medication, by sex, age group and control status, to Table 1 Prevalence of risk factors among people treated for hypertension, by sex, household population aged 60 to 79, to Table 2 Model-adjusted risk ratios relating health behaviours and other characteristics to controlled hypertension by sex, household population aged 60 to 79 treated for hypertension, to Table 3 Model-adjusted risk ratios relating health behaviours and other characteristics to controlled hypertension by age group and by sex, household population aged 60 to 79 treated for hypertension, to Figure 3 Model-adjusted prevalence of hypertension control according to various hypertension criteria, by sex, household population aged 60 to 79 treated for hypertension, to For this article… Abstract Tables and Charts.
ISSN: Report a problem on this page. Men are more likely to develop high blood pressure before age 55, while women tend to experience it after menopause. You also have a higher chance of developing hypertension as you get older, since your blood vessel walls become stiffer with age.
Other possible causes of hypertension include medical conditions like chronic kidney disease and even certain medications e. Other risk factors include genetics and stress. Most often, however, no single cause of hypertension is found.
Hypertension with no definite cause is called essential hypertension. High blood pressure is often called a "silent killer," and with good reason: Many who have it are often asymptomatic.
That means people with dangerously high blood pressure often don't know there's anything wrong. Most people discover they have hypertension during a doctor visit. Preventing and controlling hypertension is critical to your heart and brain health. When left untreated, hypertension can damage your vital organs, leading to life-changing and life-threatening medical problems such as:.
If you're diagnosed with high blood pressure , there's no reason to panic. The good news is this condition can often be managed with lifestyle changes that reflect the latest heart-health guidelines. Your doctor may tell you to:. To track your progress, your provider may have you monitor your blood pressure at home possibly several times a day.
Blood pressure monitors are available for purchase at most drugstores and online. Many pharmacies also have blood pressure machines that are free for you to use.
Hypertension does not always respond to lifestyle changes, however. In that case, your provider may prescribe blood pressure medication. The type and number of medicines you take will depend on your general health and how high your blood pressure numbers are.
The first line of defense for treating hypertension is often diuretics, otherwise known as water pills. These work by removing excess sodium and water from the body. Other drugs used to treat hypertension include angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers ARBs , calcium channel blockers, and beta blockers.
In general, Medicare Part B does cover a yearly cardiovascular risk reduction appointment if you see a participating provider. During this visit, the provider will check your blood pressure and recommend natural ways to prevent hypertension.
Original Medicare will not pay for medications used to treat hypertension, but most high blood pressure medicines are covered under Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage. Medicare will cover an ambulatory blood pressure monitor once per year when ordered by a physician.
This is usually advised if a doctor suspects that in-office blood pressure readings are inaccurate for a patient. Traditional cuff-style monitors are not covered by Medicare, except for patients undergoing dialysis at home. The best way to avoid the health hazards of hypertension is to prevent it altogether.
This can be done by following the same heart-smart behaviors used to treat high blood pressure: eat right , exercise, maintain a healthy weight, manage stress, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol use. You should also get your blood pressure checked at least once a year—and more often if you have hypertension risk factors listed above or have had high numbers in the past.
Older Adults and Hypertension: Beyond the Guideline for Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults, American College of Cardiology.
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Find us on Social. Heart Disease for Older Adults What Is Hypertension?
What Hypertesnion hypertension? The best way to avoid the dangers of high adulfs pressure is to prevent Turbocharge fat burning. Learn Organic blueberry farm you Turbocharge fat burning lower your risk by following a heart-healthy Adylts. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure or Qdults, is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting older adults —and a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Hypertension is a medical condition that happens when your blood pressure—the force of the blood pushing against your artery walls—becomes too high. This increased pressure makes it harder for your heart to pump blood to your body. But a long period of continued high blood pressure can cause cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and other serious health problems.
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