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Glutamine for energy

Glutamine for energy

Aspulvinone O, a G,utamine inhibitor of Ofr suppresses pancreatic ductal Glutamine for energy cells growth by Joint health endurance glutamine metabolism. In a previous Glutamine for energy, we showed that V induces the expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells and augments immune evasion in synergistic murine models The analysis of variance ANOVA was applied to examine the differences of CK-MM and blood cell count between three groups. Glutamine for energy

Glutamine for energy -

Selected Reviews: Chen L, Cui H Targeting Glutamine Induces Apoptosis: A Cancer Therapy Approach. Int J Mol Sci 16 9 , — Hensley CT, Wasti AT, DeBerardinis RJ Glutamine and cancer: cell biology, physiology, and clinical opportunities.

Jin L, Alesi GN, Kang S Glutaminolysis as a target for cancer therapy. Oncogene 35 28 , — Kim MH, Kim H Oncogenes and tumor suppressors regulate glutamine metabolism in cancer cells.

J Cancer Prev 18 3 , —6. Lukey MJ, Wilson KF, Cerione RA Therapeutic strategies impacting cancer cell glutamine metabolism. Future Med Chem 5 14 , — Xiao D, Zeng L, Yao K, Kong X, Wu G, Yin Y The glutamine-alpha-ketoglutarate AKG metabolism and its nutritional implications.

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Oncogene 29 , — Hensley, C. Glutamine and cancer: cell biology, physiology, and clinical opportunities. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Altman, B. From Krebs to clinic: glutamine metabolism to cancer therapy.

Cancer 16 , Zhang, J. Cancer cell metabolism: the essential role of the nonessential amino acid, glutamine. Embo J. Qing, G. et al. ATF4 regulates MYC-mediated neuroblastoma cell death upon glutamine deprivation. Cancer Cell 22 , — Chen, L. Targeting glutamine induces apoptosis: a cancer therapy approach.

Wise, D. Glutamine addiction: a new therapeutic target in cancer. Trends Biochem. Klingman, J. Partial purification and properties of renal glutaminase.

Eagle, H. Nutrition needs of mammalian cells in tissue culture. Kovacevic, Z. The role of glutamine in the oxidative metabolism of malignant cells. Cancer Res. CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Reitzer, L. Evidence that glutamine, not sugar, is the major energy source for cultured HeLa cells.

Lobo, C. Inhibition of glutaminase expression by antisense mRNA decreases growth and tumourigenicity of tumour cells. Gross, M. Antitumor activity of the glutaminase inhibitor CB in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Ther. Kizilbash, S. The addition of CB to temozolomide significantly reduces glioma aspartate and glutamate in an IDH mutated patient derived glioma xenograft model.

AM Yoo, H. A variant of SLC1A5 is a mitochondrial glutamine transporter for metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. Cell Metab. Scalise, M. Glutamine transport and mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cell growth.

Wang, J. Targeting mitochondrial glutaminase activity inhibits oncogenic transformation. Cancer Cell 18 , — Article CAS Google Scholar. Li, B. EBioMedicine 39 , — Article PubMed Google Scholar. Lukey, M. Liver-type glutaminase GLS2 is a druggable metabolic node in luminal-subtype breast cancer.

Cell Rep. Stine, Z. Glutamine skipping the Q into mitochondria. Trends Mol. Mullen, A. Oxidation of alpha-ketoglutarate is required for reductive carboxylation in cancer cells with mitochondrial defects.

Yang, L. Glutaminolysis: a hallmark of cancer metabolism. Metallo, C. Reductive glutamine metabolism by IDH1 mediates lipogenesis under hypoxia.

Nature , —U Sun, R. Hypoxic regulation of glutamine metabolism through HIF1 and SIAH2 supports lipid synthesis that is necessary for tumor growth. Lu, V. Chang, S. Sullivan, L. Supporting aspartate biosynthesis is an essential function of respiration in proliferating.

Cell , — Son, J. Glutamine supports pancreatic cancer growth through a KRAS-regulated metabolic pathway. Tong, X. The molecular determinants of de novo nucleotide biosynthesis in cancer cells. Moffatt, B. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and metabolism. Arabidopsis Book 1 , e Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar.

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Liu, Y. Global regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic genes by c-Myc. PLoS ONE 3 , e Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar. Lane, A. Regulation of mammalian nucleotide metabolism and biosynthesis. Nucleic Acids Res. Santana-Codina, N. Oncogenic KRAS supports pancreatic cancer through regulation of nucleotide synthesis.

Choi, B. The diverse functions of non-essential amino acids in cancer. Cancers 11 , Thornburg, J. Targeting aspartate aminotransferase in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Korangath, P. Targeting glutamine metabolism in breast cancer with aminooxyacetate. Liu, B. Overexpression of phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 PSAT1 predicts poor prognosis and associates with tumor progression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Asparagine plays a critical role in regulating cellular adaptation to glutamine depletion. Cell 56 , — Huang, H. Role of glutamine and interlinked asparagine metabolism in vessel formation. Pavlova, N. As extracellular glutamine levels decline, asparagine becomes an essential amino acid.

LeBoeuf, S. Activation of oxidative stress response in cancer generates a druggable dependency on exogenous non-essential amino acids.

Sayin, V. Activation of the NRF2 antioxidant program generates an imbalance in central carbon metabolism in cancer. eLife 6 , e Coloff, J. Differential glutamate metabolism in proliferating and quiescent mammary epithelial cells.

Zhu, Y. A critical role of glutamine and asparagine gamma-nitrogen in nucleotide biosynthesis in cancer cells hijacked by an oncogenic virus. Mbio 8 , e—17 Pant, A. Asparagine is a critical limiting metabolite for vaccinia virus protein synthesis during glutamine deprivation. Knott, S.

Asparagine bioavailability governs metastasis in a model of breast cancer. Hill, J. L-asparaginase therapy for leukemia and other malignant neoplasms. Remission in human leukemia. Jama , — Krall, A. Asparagine promotes cancer cell proliferation through use as an amino acid exchange factor.

Asparagine signals mitochondrial respiration and can be targeted to impair tumour growth. bioRxiv , Weinberg, F. Mitochondrial metabolism and ROS generation are essential for Kras-mediated tumorigenicity.

Natl Acad. USA , — Gorrini, C. Modulation of oxidative stress as an anticancer strategy. Drug Discov. Amores-Sanchez, M. Glutamine, as a precursor of glutathione, and oxidative stress. Welbourne, T. Ammonia production and glutamine incorporation into glutathione in the functioning rat kidney.

Sappington, D. Glutamine drives glutathione synthesis and contributes to radiation sensitivity of A and H lung cancer cell lines. Acta , — Tompkins, S. Disrupting mitochondrial pyruvate uptake directs glutamine into the TCA cycle away from glutathione synthesis and impairs hepatocellular tumorigenesis.

Muir, A. Environmental cystine drives glutamine anaplerosis and sensitizes cancer cells to glutaminase inhibition. Timmerman, L. Glutamine sensitivity analysis identifies the xCT antiporter as a common triple-negative breast tumor therapeutic target.

Cancer Cell 24 , — Okazaki, K. Metabolic features of cancer cells in NRF2 addiction status. Jiang, L. Reductive carboxylation supports redox homeostasis during anchorage-independent growth.

Morotti, M. HIFmediated expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase: a metabolic switch required for cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar. Denko, N. Hypoxia, HIF1 and glucose metabolism in the solid tumour. Cancer 8 , — Goda, N.

Hypoxia-inducible factors and their roles in energy metabolism. Zhao, J. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 in digestive system cancers.

Cell Death Dis. Li, Z. Hypoxia-inducible factors regulate tumorigenic capacity of glioma stem cells. Cancer Cell 15 , — Corbet, C.

Perez-Escuredo, J. Lactate promotes glutamine uptake and metabolism in oxidative cancer cells. Cell Cycle 15 , 72—83 Currie, E.

Cellular fatty acid metabolism and cancer. CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Hypoxia promotes isocitrate dehydrogenase-dependent carboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate to citrate to support cell growth and viability.

Reductive carboxylation supports growth in tumour cells with defective mitochondria. Qiu, B. HIF2alpha-dependent lipid storage promotes endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Discov. Du, W. HIF drives lipid deposition and cancer in ccRCC via repression of fatty acid metabolism.

Scheuermann, T. Allosteric inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor-2 with small molecules. Wallace, E. A small-molecule antagonist of HIF2alpha Is efficacious in preclinical models of renal cell carcinoma.

Chen, W. Targeting renal cell carcinoma with a HIF-2 antagonist. Cho, H. On-target efficacy of a HIF-2alpha antagonist in preclinical kidney cancer models. Wappler, J. Glutamine deprivation counteracts hypoxia-induced chemoresistance.

Neoplasia 22 , 22—32 Chen, R. Disrupting glutamine metabolic pathways to sensitize gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer. Mukhopadhyay, S. Undermining glutaminolysis bolsters chemotherapy while NRF2 promotes chemoresistance in KRAS-driven pancreatic cancers.

CAN Ju, H. Mechanisms of overcoming intrinsic resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through the redox modulation. Shukla, S. MUC1 and HIF-1alpha signaling crosstalk induces anabolic glucose metabolism to impart gemcitabine resistance to pancreatic cancer.

Cancer Cell 32 , Intlekofer, A. Hypoxia induces production of Lhydroxyglutarate. Oldham, W. Hypoxia-mediated increases in Lhydroxyglutarate coordinate the metabolic response to reductive stress. Nadtochiy, S. Acidic pH is a metabolic switch for 2-hydroxyglutarate generation and signaling.

Lhydroxyglutarate production arises from noncanonical enzyme function at acidic pH. Kranendijk, M. Progress in understanding 2-hydroxyglutaric acidurias. Aghili, M. Hydroxyglutaric aciduria and malignant brain tumor: a case report and literature review.

Larnaout, A. Osteoma of the calvaria in Lhydroxyglutaric aciduria. Rogers, R. Wilms tumor in a child with Lhydroxyglutaric aciduria. Shim, E.

LHydroxyglutarate: an epigenetic modifier and putative oncometabolite in renal cancer. Reid, M. The impact of cellular metabolism on chromatin dynamics and epigenetics. Cell Biol. Schvartzman, J.

Metabolic regulation of chromatin modifications and gene expression. Astuti, D. Gene mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit SDHB cause susceptibility to familial pheochromocytoma and to familial paraganglioma. Article Google Scholar.

Letouze, E. SDH mutations establish a hypermethylator phenotype in paraganglioma. Cancer Cell 23 , — Janeway, K. Defects in succinate dehydrogenase in gastrointestinal stromal tumors lacking KIT and PDGFRA mutations. Killian, J. Succinate dehydrogenase mutation underlies global epigenomic divergence in gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Pan, M. Regional glutamine deficiency in tumours promotes dedifferentiation through inhibition of histone demethylation.

Carey, B. Intracellular alpha-ketoglutarate maintains the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. TeSlaa, T.

alpha-Ketoglutarate accelerates the initial differentiation of primed human pluripotent stem cells.

Hwang, I. Psat1-dependent fluctuations in alpha-ketoglutarate affect the timing of ESC differentiation. Yu, Y. Glutamine metabolism regulates proliferation and lineage allocation in skeletal stem cells.

Liu, P. alpha-ketoglutarate orchestrates macrophage activation through metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Klysz, D. Glutamine-dependent alpha-ketoglutarate production regulates the balance between T helper 1 cell and regulatory T cell generation.

Petrus, P. Glutamine links obesity to inflammation in human white adipose tissue. Dang, L. Cancer-associated IDH1 mutations produce 2-hydroxyglutarate. Martinez-Reyes, I. Mitochondrial TCA cycle metabolites control physiology and disease. Ward, P. The common feature of leukemia-associated IDH1 and IDH2 mutations is a neomorphic enzyme activity converting alpha-ketoglutarate to 2-hydroxyglutarate.

Cancer Cell 17 , — Amary, M. IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are frequent events in central chondrosarcoma and central and periosteal chondromas but not in other mesenchymal tumours. Borger, D. Circulating oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate is a potential surrogate biomarker in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Losman, J. R hydroxyglutarate is sufficient to promote leukemogenesis and its effects are reversible. Figueroa, M. Leukemic IDH1 and IDH2 mutations result in a hypermethylation phenotype, disrupt TET2 function, and impair hematopoietic differentiation.

Lu, C. IDH mutation impairs histone demethylation and results in a block to cell differentiation. Ohka, F. Quantitative metabolome analysis profiles activation of glutaminolysis in glioma with IDH1 mutation.

Tumour Biol. Tateishi, K. Cancer Cell 28 , — Salamanca-Cardona, L. Gonsalves, W. Glutamine-derived 2-hydroxyglutarate is associated with disease progression in plasma cell malignancies.

Matre, P. Inhibiting glutaminase in acute myeloid leukemia: metabolic dependency of selected AML subtypes. Oncotarget 7 , — Richter, S. Bardella, C.

SDH mutations in cancer. Biochim Biophys. Müller, S. Mutations in SDHC cause autosomal dominant paraganglioma, type 3. Selak, M. Succinate links TCA cycle dysfunction to oncogenesis by inhibiting HIF-alpha prolyl hydroxylase.

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Fumarate is an epigenetic modifier that elicits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Laukka, T. Fumarate and succinate regulate expression of hypoxia-inducible genes via TET enzymes.

Isaacs, J. HIF overexpression correlates with biallelic loss of fumarate hydratase in renal cancer: novel role of fumarate in regulation of HIF stability. Cancer Cell 8 , — Kinch, L. Succination of Keap1 and activation of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathways in FH-deficient papillary renal cell carcinoma type 2.

Cancer Cell 20 , — Adam, J. The proto-oncometabolite fumarate binds glutathione to amplify ROS-dependent signaling. Cell 51 , — Ooi, A. An antioxidant response phenotype shared between hereditary and sporadic type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma.

Ternette, N. Inhibition of mitochondrial aconitase by succination in fumarate hydratase deficiency. Greenhouse, W. Magnitude of malate-aspartate reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide shuttle activity in intact respiring tumor cells. Fan, J. Glutamine-driven oxidative phosphorylation is a major ATP source in transformed mammalian cells in both normoxia and hypoxia.

Carracedo, A. Cancer metabolism: fatty acid oxidation in the limelight. Cancer 13 , — Kang, J. Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition combined with phenformin treatment reversed NSCLC through ATP depletion.

Lee, J. Dual targeting of glutaminase 1 and thymidylate synthase elicits death synergistically in NSCLC. Andrews, F. Glutamine: essential for immune nutrition in the critically ill. Ferreira, C. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. Antoon AY, Donovan DK. Burn Injuries. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds.

Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Philadelphia, PA: W. Saunders Company; Avenell A. Symposium 4: Hot topics in parenteral nutrition Current evidence and ongoing trials on the use of glutamine in critically-ill patients and patients undergoing surgery.

Proc Nutr Soc. Buchman AL. Glutamine: commercially essential or conditionally essential? A critical appraisal of the human data. Am J Clin Nutr. Clark RH, Feleke G, Din M, et al. Nutritional treatment for acquired immunodeficiency virus-associated wasting using beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine, and arginine: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study.

JPEN: J Parenter Enteral Nutr. Daniele B, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Oral glutamine in the prevention of fluorourcil induced intestinal toxicity: a double blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial.

Fan YP, Yu JC, Kang WM, Zhang Q. Effects of glutamine supplementation on patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Chin Med Sci J. Field CJ, Johnson IR, Schley PD. Nutrients and their role in host resistance to infection.

J Leukoc Biol. Furukawa S. Saito H, Inoue T, et al. Supplemental glutamine augments phagocytosis and reactive oxygen intermediate production by neutrophils and monocytes from postoperative patients in vitro.

Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr. Greenlee H, Hershman DL, Jacobson JS. Use of antioxidant supplements during breast cancer treatment: a comprehensive review.

Breast Cancer Res Treat. Epub Oct 7. Grimm H, Kraus A. Immunonutrition--supplementary amino acids and fatty acids ameliorate immune deficiency in critically ill patients.

Langenbecks Arch Surg. Kuhn K. Glutamine as indispensible nutrient in oncology: experimental and clinical evidence. Eur J Nutr. Lecleire S, Hassan A, Marion-Letellier R, Antonietti M, Savoye G, et al.

Combined glutamine and arginine decrease proinflammatory cytokine production by biopsies from Crohn's patients in association with changes in nuclear factor-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.

Lin JJ, Chung XJ, Yang CY, Lau HL. A meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle for glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients with burn. Medina MA.

Glutamine and cancer. Mori M, Rooyackers O, Smedberg M, Tjader I, Norberg A, Wernerman J. Endogenous glutamine production in critically ill patients: the effect of exogenous glutamine supplementation. Crit Care. Murray SM, Pindoria S. Nutrition support for bone marrow transplant patients.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Neu J, DeMarco V, Li N. Glutamine: clinical applications and mechanism of action. Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Van Zanten AR.

Glutamine supplementation in the critically ill: friend or foe?

Glutamine Glutwmine Glutamine for energy eneergy abundant amino acid building block of Glutamne in the body. The body can make enough glutamine forr its regular needs. But Cauliflower mash recipe times of Gputamine stress the kind Improve athletic performance Glutamine for energy after Glufamine exercise or an Glutamine for energyyour body may need more glutamine than it can make. Most glutamine is stored in muscles, followed by the lungs where much of the glutamine is made. Glutamine is important for removing excess ammonia a common waste product in the body. It also helps your immune system function and may be needed for normal brain function and digestion. You can usually get enough glutamine without taking a supplement because your body makes it and you get some in your diet. Glutamkne is an amino acid Chromium browser alternatives by the Gluramine Glutamine for energy found in food. Your body naturally wnergy this amino acid, eneryg it Glutamine for energy also found in Glutamibe foods. Yet, you may be unsure if you need extra glutamine from supplements for optimal health. This article explains why glutamine is important and discusses the benefits and safety of glutamine supplements. Proteins are crucial to the organs. They also serve other functions, such as transporting substances in the blood and fighting off harmful viruses and bacteria 1. They are almost identical but have a slightly different molecular arrangement 2.

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Glutamine: Health Benefits \u0026 Muscle Recovery- Thomas DeLauer

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