Present day various hepatic problems are encountered Flavonoids and liver detoxification Acai berry smoothies of Flavinoids and plant based drugs. Kolaviron, a biflavonoid fraction from Garcinia kola, protects against isoproterenol-induced injury by mitigating cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats. Alcohol hinders the functional aspects of various tissue components and hepatocytes in particular.

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Flavonoids and liver detoxification -

MCA; Revised: Nov, Manuscript No. MCA R ; Published: Nov, DOI: Flavonoids present over 5, hydroxylated polyphenolic compounds which carry out important functions in plants by attracting pollinating insects, combating environmental stresses by microbial infection and also helpful for regulating cell growth.

Bioavailability and biological activities present in humans appear to be strongly influenced by its chemical nature. Since the , interest was shown in dietary flavonoids due to their contribution to the health benefits of fruit and vegetable in rich diets. The flavonoids present in ingested food have some importance.

Dietary flavonoids are absorbed and become available to the target tissues within the body. After intestinal absorption, flavonoids are rapidly and extensively well metabolized in intestinal and also in liver cells such as metabolites in the bloodstream and urine.

Biological activities of flavonoid metabolites are completely different from their parent compounds. Chemical structure of flavonoids: Most flavonoids are seen in edible plants and foods as in the form of β-glycosides which bound to one or more sugar molecules.

Exceptions include catechins, proanthocyanidins and fermented soy based products which are exposed to microbial β-glucosidases and they help to catalyze the release of sugar molecules from glycosylated isoflavones. After food processing and cooking most of flavonoid glycosides reach the small intestine.

Only flavonoid aglycones and some of few flavonoid glucosides are easily absorbed in the small intestine. Glycosylated flavonoids might be able to penetrate into the mucus layer of the intestine and deglycosylated on the cell surface before its absorption.

Those that cannot be deglycosylated in the small intestine may be hydrolyzed by using bacterial enzymes in the colon. Colonic bacteria remove sugar moieties and rapidly degrade aglycone flavonoids by limiting their absorption in the colon.

Monomeric flavanols, the polymeric nature of proanthocyanidins prevents their intestinal absorption. Flavan ol monomers and procyanidins are transformed by using the intestinal microbiota to 5- hydroxyphenyl -γ-valerolactones which appear in the circulatory system and are excreted in urine as in the form of sulfate and glucuronide metabolites.

Valerolactones are further degraded by the colonic microbiota into smaller phenolic acids and aromatic compounds. The colonic microbiota metabolizes the gallate esters of flavonoids by generating gallate which is further catabolized to pyrogallol.

Microbe derived flavonoid metabolites are absorbed into the circulatory system and excreted in free forms. Interactions with food matrix: Presence of macronutrients in food increases the bioavailability of flavonoids.

The binding affinity and covalent interactions of flavonoids with proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are directly associated with the physicochemical properties of the flavonoids.

Proteins present in milk might reduce the absorption of polyphenols from cocoa and black tea. Presence of proteins bound to flavonoids was weaken the flavonoid antioxidant capacity and milk consumption has been blunt the vascular benefits of tea flavonoids in people. Carbohydrate rich foods may increase the absorption of flavonoids by stimulating the gastrointestinal motility, mucosal blood flow, and colonic fermentation.

Conversely, dietary flavonoids have been interfere with carbohydrate digestion and absorption. However, more comprehensive studies are required to determine the specific mechanisms and clinical implications of flavonoids in liver disease prevention and treatment.

References Brunetti, C. Flavonoids as antioxidants and developmental regulators: relative significance in plants and humans. International journal of molecular sciences, 14 2 , Lee, N. The role of the gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis treatment.

International journal of molecular sciences, 22 1 , Li, H. Physicochemical, biological properties, and flavour profile of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, Pyracantha fortuneana, and Rosa laevigata Michx fruits: A comprehensive review.

Food Chemistry, , Tang, Y. Liver International , 37 3 , Wan, L. Protective effects of plant-derived flavonoids on hepatic injury. Journal of Functional Foods, 44 ,

Milk thistle Silybum marianum Guarana as a natural stimulant been used for 2, years as Flavonoids and liver detoxification herbal remedy for a variety of ailments, detoxificcation liver, kidney, Flavonojds gall bladder problems. Several Flavonoods studies suggest that substances in Flavonoids and liver detoxification thistle especially a flavonoid called silymarin protect the liver from toxins, including certain drugs, such as acetaminophen Tylenolwhich can cause liver damage in high doses. Silymarin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. And it may help the liver repair itself by growing new cells. Although a number of animal studies demonstrate that milk thistle can be helpful in protecting the liver, results in human studies are mixed. Flavonoids, a diverse detoxifiication of natural compounds found abundantly in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based livr, have been investigated for their potential hepatoprotective Siamese Fighting Fish Varieties Tang et Flavonoids and liver detoxification. Numerous studies have detoxificagion Flavonoids and liver detoxification impact of flavonoids on xetoxification health, Flavonoids and liver detoxification their ability to prevent liver diseases, support liver function, and mitigate liver damage. Research suggests that flavonoids may reduce the risk of liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD and liver cancer Li et al. These compounds exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to the prevention of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation in the liver, all of which are key factors in the development and progression of liver diseases Tang et al. Specifically, they can stimulate liver enzymes such as superoxide dismutase SOD and glutathione peroxidase GSH-Pxwhich play crucial roles in the antioxidant defense system and hepatic detoxification Yu et al.