Android body fat distribution is related to high cardiovascular disease and mortality rate. People with android obesity have higher hematocrit and red blood cell count and higher blood viscosity than people with gynoid obesity. Blood pressure is also higher in those with android obesity which leads to cardiovascular disease.

Women who are infertile and have polycystic ovary syndrome show high amounts of android fat tissue. In contrast, patients with anorexia nervosa have increased gynoid fat percentage [16] Women normally have small amounts of androgen , however when the amount is too high they develop male psychological characteristics and male physical characteristics of muscle mass, structure and function and an android adipose tissue distribution.

Women who have high amounts of androgen and thus an increase tendency for android fat distribution are in the lowest quintiles of levels of sex-hormone-binding globulin and more are at high risks of ill health associated with android fat [17].

High levels of android fat have been associated with obesity [18] and diseases caused by insulin insensitivity, such as diabetes.

The larger the adipose cell size the less sensitive the insulin. Diabetes is more likely to occur in obese women with android fat distribution and hypertrophic fat cells.

There are connections between high android fat distributions and the severity of diseases such as acute pancreatitis - where the higher the levels of android fat are, the more severe the pancreatitis can be.

Even adults who are overweight and obese report foot pain to be a common problem. Body fat can impact on an individual mentally, for example high levels of android fat have been linked to poor mental wellbeing, including anxiety, depression and body confidence issues.

On the reverse, psychological aspects can impact on body fat distribution too, for example women classed as being more extraverted tend to have less android body fat. Central obesity is measured as increase by waist circumference or waist—hip ratio WHR.

in females. However increase in abdominal circumference may be due to increasing in subcutaneous or visceral fat, and it is the visceral fat which increases the risk of coronary diseases. The visceral fat can be estimated with the help of MRI and CT scan.

Waist to hip ratio is determined by an individual's proportions of android fat and gynoid fat. A small waist to hip ratio indicates less android fat, high waist to hip ratio's indicate high levels of android fat.

As WHR is associated with a woman's pregnancy rate, it has been found that a high waist-to-hip ratio can impair pregnancy, thus a health consequence of high android fat levels is its interference with the success of pregnancy and in-vitro fertilisation. Women with large waists a high WHR tend to have an android fat distribution caused by a specific hormone profile, that is, having higher levels of androgens.

This leads to such women having more sons. Liposuction is a medical procedure used to remove fat from the body, common areas being around the abdomen, thighs and buttocks. Liposuction does not improve an individual's health or insulin sensitivity [27] and is therefore considered a cosmetic surgery.

Another method of reducing android fat is Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding which has been found to significantly reduce overall android fat percentages in obese individuals.

Cultural differences in the distribution of android fat have been observed in several studies. Compared to Europeans, South Asian individuals living in the UK have greater abdominal fat.

A difference in body fat distribution was observed between men and women living in Denmark this includes both android fat distribution and gynoid fat distribution , of those aged between 35 and 65 years, men showed greater body fat mass than women.

Men showed a total body fat mass increase of 6. This is because in comparison to their previous lifestyle where they would engage in strenuous physical activity daily and have meals that are low in fat and high in fiber, the Westernized lifestyle has less physical activity and the diet includes high levels of carbohydrates and fats.

Android fat distributions change across life course. The main changes in women are associated with menopause. Premenopausal women tend to show a more gynoid fat distribution than post-menopausal women - this is associated with a drop in oestrogen levels.

An android fat distribution becomes more common post-menopause, where oestrogen is at its lowest levels. Computed tomography studies show that older adults have a two-fold increase in visceral fat compared to young adults. These changes in android fat distribution in older adults occurs in the absence of any clinical diseases.

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Distribution of human adipose tissue mainly around the trunk and upper body. This section needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources.

Please review the contents of the section and add the appropriate references if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Android fat distribution" — news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR July Further information: Gynoid fat distribution.

The Evolutionary Biology of Human Female Sexuality. Oxford University Press. ISBN American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. doi : PMID S2CID Retrieved 21 March Personality and Individual Differences. CiteSeerX Annals of Human Biology. South African Medical Journal.

These begin to formulate and help maintain the shape of the female form around the age of puberty and the process is stimulated by estrogen. Android fats are caused due to genetic factors. Gynoid fats are present and are functional due to estrogen. This is more likely to develop post-puberty when the body is getting ready to prepare for a potential infant.

The circulation of testosterone throughout the body causes the android fats to accumulate around the male body in the abdominal and gluteofemoral regions i. the upper thigh and buttock region.

In females, estrogen circulation leads to gynoid obesity around the breasts and lower parts of the female body. Android fats and obesity are more prone to lead to the development of cardiovascular conditions — coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, diabetes, etc.

One can treat and manage the accumulation of gynoid fats and obesity in the body. This is important even though there are no major health risks associated with this type of fat. Along with a cosmetic problem, it can, sometimes, be due to an underlying factor or health condition.

Proper diagnosis and treatment should then be taken. Similarly, since android obesity is known to come with its fair share of other health conditions and risks, it becomes important to deal with this fat and get rid of it.

Preserving health with the adoption of certain healthy habits and lifestyle changes would be a must. Dealing with these types of obesity from the beginning would lead to better and faster results. Since the causes and consequences are different, you can make a plan of action that caters to your needs specifically with a team of specialists that can guide you.

Ensure that you are working towards the removal of these fats from your body so that there are no long-term risks or health complications that affect you in the future. Stay healthy by adopting a healthy lifestyle.

Also know about blood sugar level normal. Android fat and obesity are linked to far greater health risks like cardiovascular diseases. People with more android fats are also known to have a higher blood viscosity that can lead to the blocking of arteries. Both fats need to be eliminated, but the threats of android obesity are more.

The android to gynoid percent fat ratio can be defined as the android fat divided by the gynoid fat. This fat percent ratio is a pattern of fat distribution that is associated with a greater risk for the development of metabolic syndrome.

Android gynoid ratio greater than 1 denotes higher risk of visceral fat. Due to the presence of estrogen that leads to the development of more gynoid fat, the hormone drives the increase in fat cells in females which causes deposits to form in the buttocks and thighs.

Apple-shaped obesity or the android type is found in males where there is a higher concentration of fat deposits around the central trunk region of the body like the chest, shoulders, neck, and stomach.

This website's content is provided only for educational reasons and is not meant to be a replacement for professional medical advice.

Due to individual differences, the reader should contact their physician to decide whether the material is applicable to their case.

Metabolic Health. Difference Between Android and Gynoid Obesity. Medically Reviewed. Our Review Process Our articles undergo extensive medical review by board-certified practitioners to confirm that all factual inferences with respect to medical conditions, symptoms, treatments, and protocols are legitimate, canonical, and adhere to current guidelines and the latest discoveries.

Our Editorial Team Shifa Fatima, MSc. MEDICAL ADVISOR. Difference Between Android and Gynoid Obesity Obesity is a common health condition and its prevalence spares no one. Having deep knowledge of what might cause obesity in the female and male bodies will also be vital in removing the fats and moving towards a healthier body and BMI Proper medical terms are used to classify and categorize the types of obesity prevalent in males and females.

Table of Contents What is Android obesity? What is Gynoid obesity? Android vs Gynoid obesity [More]. FAQs [More]. Disclaimer This website's content is provided only for educational reasons and is not meant to be a replacement for professional medical advice. More by Shifa Fathima.

Best Reads Normal Blood Sugar Levels What Causes High Blood Sugar Without Diabetes Difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms of Diabetes Diabetes Reversal Program. Follow Us. Contact Us Address: Ragus Healthcare Private Limited No.

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The body also consists of body fat, or non-conducting material, which resists electric current and contains little water.

BIA estimates body fat by measuring how easily the current moves through the body. Body fat will resist electric current more than body protein.

A voltage drop occurs in response to impedance. Following BIA measurement, predictive equations considering weight, height, sex and age estimate free fat mass. According to the skulpt website, the The technology behind the device is called electrical impedance myography or EIM for short.

In addition to estimating body fat, it uses a score called MQ to measure muscle quality, a unique measurement the company believes consumers should track. The BIA approach to estimating body fat is more limited in evaluating body composition in individuals compared to groups.

BIA has higher sensitivity and specificity for yielding average adiposity for certain groups of people. Predictive equations for BIA have been developed for certain groups of various age groups for both sexes, including samples from Caucasian populations in the U.

and Europe as well as African Americans and Hispanics. Therefore, the validity of these equations should be considered because it may affect the amount and direction of measurement error in BIA.

Another limitation to BIA is that it does not measure belly fat, the most dangerous fat. This is because electric current tends to follow the path of least resistance in the body. BIA measures free fat mass only, which makes it a less desirable body fat measurement tool for individuals.

During the assessment, the door will open and close for two second assessments. The air displacement calculates body mass, volume and density.

The BOD POD estimates body fat, and InsideTracker's own Ryan Cohen is seen here getting his own composition tested.

Ryan is a very data driven fitness and health consumer. One study compared percent fat estimates between the BODY POD and DEXA. A significant mean difference of 2. The study could not determine what accounted for the difference.

Also, as body fatness increased, the difference also increased. Another study used 30 Division I collegiate track and field athletes to compare the accuracy of the BOD POD to skinfold measurements and DEXA.

The percent body fat differed significantly between the BOD POD and DXA. The percent body fat between the BOD POD and skinfold measurements did not significantly differ.

There was a high correlation between percent body fat taken from the BOD POD and percent body fat taken by skinfold measurements. The percent body fat obtained from the BOD POD and from DXA had a poor correlation. In conclusion, THE BOD POD and skin calipers produced similar results whereas the BOD POD and DXA did not.

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry DEXA or DXA : The Gold Standard. Results are quick as a single scan passes over the body while lying face-up on a table dressed in snuggly fit clothing.

There are numerous benefits to DXA. DXA is considered the most accurate and valid body composition tool because it considers bone mineral content when estimating body fat and muscle.

DXA can accurately and simply assess the distribution of body fat associated with increased insulin resistance. DEXA is a suitable tool for measuring body composition in team sport athletes.

A study using 36 professional Australian football players tested two consecutive DXA scans. The DXA scan demonstrated precise measurements for fat-free soft tissue mass and bone mineral content. In comparison to skin calipers, DXA is the way to go.

One study found that skin calipers significantly underestimated body fat percentage in women compared to the DXA. The location of body fat is the most critical determinant of health risks rather than generalized adiposity — as seen with BMI and other body composition tools. The company DexaFit is already using DXA scans for their clients because it's the best option for body composition.

Adam Kadela, the DexaFit Co-Founder, expressed the value of having the best technology for evaluating body composition.

Couple these merits with its three-compartment analysis and ability to display fat distribution by region -- specifically your visceral fat tissue -- and no other method can compete as a better benchmark for tracking progress and evaluating your overall health.

DXA scans are convenient ways to take control of one's health and performance, and offer the important connection of bone health as well as location of body fat, something no other option can do.

Summary : Skin calipers are an accessible, cheap option for calculating body fat, but its inability to measure visceral fat is a major drawback. BIA and skin calipers are good at predicting body composition. If BOD POD or DEXA are not feasible options, skin calipers can at least obtain a body fat estimation.

What Should I Do With My Body Composition Data? Each measurement tool for body composition has its respective restraints, but each has an important outcome.

Acknowledge that the number on a weight scale may stay the same, but there may be changes in both lean and fat mass. These body fat measurement tools combined with biomarker monitoring from InsideTracker are sure-ways of letting you know whether or not your diet and workouts are actually working.

Volek, J. Low carbohydrate diets promote a more favorable body composition than low-fat diets. National Strength and Conditioning Association. February 32 1.

Bredbenner, C. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Geer, E. Gender differences in insulin resistance, body composition and energy balance. Gend Med. Donnelly, J. Effects of a month randomized controlled exercise trial on body weight and composition in young, overweight men and women: The Midwest Exercise Trial.

Arch Intern Med ;— Dehghan, M. Is bioelectrical impedance accurate for use in large epidemiological studies? Nutr J.

Samsell, L. Journal of Obesity. sales insidetracker. com Support center. All rights reserved. InsideTracker is a personalized nutrition model by Segterra. Body Fat Measurement: The Options that are Best for You By Katie Mark , September 22, Strong Physique: Rethink Weight Loss Are you puzzled as to why the mirror reflects a soft physique even though you just lost weight?

Women Females Gynoid vs. Track Your Body Composition, Not Just Your Weight Measuring body fat helps identify health risks and evaluate body composition.

How Can You Track Body Fat? Skin Calipers: Quick and Easy A couple of bucks can get you skin calipers. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis BIA BIA scales range from simple — a scale with electrodes under the feet - to complex — a handheld scale with electrodes. Wondering what ALL of your biomarkers mean?

Some other blog posts we think you'll love: Tired of Being Tired: How I Optimized My Iron Levels Getting Back on Track: Laura Ingalls' InsideTracker-Fueled Journey Back to Holistic Health Avoiding The Crash: How Monitoring Iron Levels Can Save Your Season Stress Fractures: The Relationship Between Biochemistry, Nutritional Screening and Biomechanics References 1.

More on this topic. Manage Your Mind with These Three Strategies from Dr. Caroline Leaf By Michelle Darian, MS, MPH, RD , April 21, The results showed that the prevalence of NAFLD was 5. A correlation matrix of adipose allocation and other NAFLD risk factors is summarized in Figures 1A — C for all individuals and for male and female groups, respectively.

Figure 1. Correlation matrix of fat distribution and NAFLD-related risk factors by sex. A All people, B male subgroup, and C female subgroup. A complex sample logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between fat depots and the prevalence of NAFLD Table 3.

In the crude model, android percent fat was positively related to NAFLD OR: 1. We further conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses, additionally adjusting for BMI, hypertension, diabetes, ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and uric acid, in which there were similar OR values resembling the two previous models.

Fat distribution and NAFLD categorized by gender are displayed in Table 5. More body fat in both the android area and gynoid areas was found in women than in men.

Overall, the NAFLD group showed a similar pattern, except for the first and second quartiles, in which the proportion of women did not decline correspondingly as in the other two groups Figure 2.

Figure 2. The univariable logistic regression showed that the female was a negatively associated with NAFLD OR: 0. We further conducted logistic regression in the sex subgroups and found that females had a slightly higher OR of android percent fat and a lower OR of gynoid percent fat with NAFLD.

Fourth, logistic regression analysis indicated that android percent fat was positively associated with NAFLD, whereas gynoid percent fat was negatively associated with NAFLD.

In previous studies, obesity, defined mainly by weight or BMI 33 , has been shown to be associated with the risk of metabolic diseases 34 , However, recent studies have found differences in the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and diabetes among individuals with a similar weight or BMI, potentially due to the different characteristics of fat distribution 36 , In this cross-sectional study, we provide new evidence that different regional fat depots have different threats independent of BMI: android percent fat in this study was proven to be positively related to NAFLD prevalence, whereas gynoid percent fat was negatively related to NAFLD.

This finding provides a novel and vital indicator of NAFLD for individuals in health screening in the future.

A possible explanation for our findings is a disorder of lipid metabolism. Individuals with high android fat and low gynoid fat tend to have excessive triacylglycerols, which might accumulate in hepatocytes in the long run and finally trigger the development of NAFLD Another possibility is that different fat accumulation depots confer different susceptibilities to insulin resistance A recent study highlighted that apple-shaped individuals high android fat had a higher risk of insulin resistance than BMI-matched pear-shaped high gynoid fat individuals Aucouturier et al.

Uric acid has previously been shown to regulate hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance via the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome and xanthine oxidase 43 , It is a widely established fact that female adults have a lower epidemic of NAFLD, but there is no definite reason 3 , In addition, morbid obesity was reported to be related to fibrosis of NAFLD by Ciardullo et al.

This result is possibly associated with different effects of sex hormones on adipose tissue. Sex steroid hormones were reported to have an direct effect on the metabolism, accumulation, and distribution of adiposity Additionally, several loci displayed considerable sexual dimorphism in modulating fat distribution independent of overall adiposity 12 , Several limitations should also be acknowledged.

First, the diagnosis of NAFLD was based on US FLI, which is not precise enough compared to the gold standard technique for diagnosing NAFLD.

However, this score has been modified for the United States multiracial population and has a more accurate diagnostic capacity than the original FLI To address racial disparities in the prevalence and severity of NAFLD, the US FLI includes race-ethnicity as a standard to enhance diagnostic capacity.

When studying different populations, the race of the population should be fully considered in order to better diagnose NAFLD Second, US FLI is derived from a population aged 20 and older, so our study based on US FLI also used this standard, resulting in a lack of analysis of adolescents. Third, Given the lack of data, selection bias might exist.

Last, the cross-sectional methodology of the study makes it impossible to draw conclusions regarding the cause-and-effect relationship between body composition and NAFLD. Additional studies investigating the reasons are needed.

Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements.

LY and CX conceived the study idea and designed the study. LY, HH, ZL, and JR performed the statistical analyses. LY wrote the manuscript. HH and CX revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program YFA , the National Natural Science Foundation of China , and the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province C The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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