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The Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network CPCRN is a national network of academic, public health, and community partners who work together to reduce the burden of cancer, especially among those disproportionately affected.

Its members conduct community-based participatory cancer research across its eight network centers, crossing academic affiliations and geographic boundaries. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to search. Español Other Languages. Español Spanish. Minus Related Pages. Colorectal Cancer Through colorectal cancer prevention and control initiatives, CDC and its partners promote colorectal cancer screening.

Lung Cancer CDC is working to prevent and control lung cancer by— Collecting critical data about diagnoses and deaths from lung cancers in the United States. Supporting programs in states, tribes and tribal organizations, and U. territories that strive to prevent and control tobacco use and promote a healthy diet.

Implementing public health interventions and countermarketing strategies to reduce smoking. Prostate Cancer CDC conducts research about prostate cancer, enhances prostate cancer data in cancer registries, and educates men about prostate cancer screening.

Skin Cancer CDC conducts monitoring, research, education, and interventions for skin cancer. Cancer Survivors CDC works with partners to create and implement successful strategies to help the growing number of cancer survivors in the United States. Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network The Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network CPCRN is a national network of academic, public health, and community partners who work together to reduce the burden of cancer, especially among those disproportionately affected.

Last Reviewed: August 1, Source: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate.

To target the right treatments to the right patients — Today, we know cancer as a disease for which we understand too little about why treatments work for some patients, but not for others. We are learning more about how to use information about genetics, immune responses, and other factors to tell which combinations of treatments are likely to work best in an individual patient.

To speed progress against the most deadly and rare cancers, including childhood cancers — Today, we know cancer as a disease for which we lack good strategies for developing treatments against many of the more than distinct types.

We can invest in a robust pipeline for new treatments, and the COVID pandemic response has demonstrated we can accelerate clinical trials without compromising safety and effectiveness.

To support patients, caregivers, and survivors — Today, we know cancer as a disease in which we do not do enough to help people and families navigate cancer and its aftermath.

We can help people overcome the medical, financial, and emotional burdens that cancer brings by providing support to navigate cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. We can turn our cancer care system into a learning system.

When asked, most people with cancer are glad to make their data available for research to help future patients, if it can be done easily while respecting their privacy. Additionally, the diverse personal experiences of patients and their families make their input essential in developing approaches to end cancer as we know it.

Form a Cancer Cabinet , which will be convened by the White House, bringing together departments and agencies across government to address cancer on multiple fronts. Issue a Call to Action on Cancer Screening and Early Detection : To deliver the message of urgency and increased access to get back on track after more than 9.

With regular recommended screenings, we can often catch cancer when there may be more effective treatment options or even prevent it from developing by removing pre-cancerous tissue. To help ensure equitable access to screening and prevention through at-home screening especially for colon cancer and HPV, the virus that causes cervical, head, neck and other cancers , mobile screening in communities without easy access to a clinic, through the community health networks we have built and strengthened during the COVID pandemic, and other ways to reduce barriers to cancer screening.

NCI will organize the collective efforts of the NCI cancer centers, and other networks such as the NCI Community Oncology Research Network NCORP , to offer new access points to compensate for millions of delayed cancer screenings due to the pandemic, with a focus on reaching those individuals most at risk.

Federal agencies, led by the NCI, will develop a focused program to expeditiously study and evaluate multicancer detection tests , like we did for COVID diagnostics, which could help detect cancers when there may be more effective treatment options.

The Department of Health and Human Services HHS commits to accelerating efforts to nearly eliminate cervical cancer through screening and HPV vaccination , with a particular focus on reaching people who are most at risk.

Host a White House Cancer Moonshot Summit , bringing together agency leadership, patient organizations, biopharmaceutical companies, the research, public health, and healthcare communities and more to highlight innovation, progress, and new commitments toward ending cancer as we know it.

Build on a White House Cancer Roundtable Conversation Series hosted over the last six months, with experts, including people living with cancer, caregivers, and survivors.

These discussions focused on cancer prevention, early detection, clinical trial design and access, patient support and navigation, childhood cancer, learning from all patients and issues relating to equity in access and outcomes.

Going forward, this will include discussions on additional topics and the knowledge gained will continue to inform this whole-of-government approach on cancer. Require an All-Hands-On-Deck Approach.

President Biden calls on the private sector, foundations, academic institutions, healthcare providers, and all Americans to take on the mission of reducing the deadly impact of cancer and improving patient experiences in the diagnosis, treatment, and survival of cancer.

Progress will be informed by people living with cancer, caregivers, and families and contributed by all parts of the oncology community and beyond.

Drive New Innovation and Deliver the Latest Progress to Patients and Communities The Department of Health and Human Services Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology ONC launched CancerX, a National Accelerator to Drive Progress Against Cancer.

As part of the U. The goal of the Cancer Moonshot Scholars program is to inspire and support the next generation of world-class and diverse scientists and health innovators focused on breakthroughs that will make a difference for patients and drive progress.

The U. Patent and Trademark Office USPTO expanded and extended its program to expedite consideration of patents for innovations to detect and treat cancer. As part of his Unity Agenda last year, President Biden called on Congress to establish and fund ARPA-H to drive breakthroughs in cancer and other diseases.

Because of this law, tens of thousands of cancer patients could see their prescription drug costs go down by thousands annually.

The National Cancer Institute NCI launched the Childhood Cancer — Data Integration for Research, Education, Care, and Clinical Trials CC-DIRECT to support children and Adolescents and Young Adults AYAs with cancer throughout their cancer journey and provide patient navigation support to families seeking information and optimal care.

Work has begun in earnest, which includes the formation of a team of 22 organizations to develop a patient centered standardized cancer health record that will also facilitate research and clinical trial participation.

The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation CMMI at CMS launched a new, voluntary Enhancing Oncology Model designed to place cancer patients at the center of decision-making that provides equitable, evidence-based cancer care that is more affordable and supportive.

This model aims to improve care coordination, quality, and health outcomes for patients while also holding oncology practices accountable for the total cost of care.

LEARN MORE. Share Your Proposed Actions A mission this bold is going to require the commitment of all companies, foundations, and institutions that can contribute new actions and collaborations toward ending cancer as we know it.

What is the Cancer Moonshot? About Us Objectives. Previous Tab Next Tab. About Us The Cancer Moonshot is a White House initiative to bring renewed leadership to the fight against cancer, facilitate new collaborations, and drive progress across the cancer journey utilizing all facets of the oncology community — federal agencies and departments, private companies, healthcare providers, patient groups, philanthropies, and all Americans.

To reach the bold but achievable goals set forth by President Biden, the Cancer Moonshot is mobilizing the: Federal government to drive innovative action and life-saving progress forward in ways that reach all Americans.

Scientific community to bring its boldest thinking to this fight; Medical and public health community to improve their outreach to and support for underserved communities, to help patients and families have the best experience possible while living with and surviving cancer, and to improve patient outcomes; Private sector to step up — to develop and test new treatments, to share more data and knowledge, and to collaborate on tools that can benefit all Americans; and People living with cancer and survivors, their caregivers and families, and those who have lost someone to keep sharing their perspectives and experiences and to keep pushing for progress.

These centers will conduct research in areas such as reducing obesity, improving nutrition, increasing physical activity, helping people quit smoking, and improving living conditions through supplemental income. In addition, the centers will help train a pipeline of early-career investigators to work with underserved communities in conducting multilevel intervention research.

Srinivasan said. The launch of this Persistent Poverty Initiative complements several other Administration priorities, including its efforts to end hunger and reduce diet-related disease , and is essential toward achieving the clear goals that President Biden and the First Lady set when they reignited the Cancer Moonshot in prevent more than 4 million cancer deaths by and improve the experience of people who are touched by cancer.

The awards are spread over the next five years across all centers, pending availability of funds:. For more information about cancer, please visit the NCI website at cancer. About the National Institutes of Health NIH : NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.

Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases.

For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www. Site Menu Home.

Minus Related Pages. Colorectal Cancer Through colorectal cancer prevention and control initiatives, CDC and its partners promote colorectal cancer screening.

Lung Cancer CDC is working to prevent and control lung cancer by— Collecting critical data about diagnoses and deaths from lung cancers in the United States.

Supporting programs in states, tribes and tribal organizations, and U. territories that strive to prevent and control tobacco use and promote a healthy diet. Implementing public health interventions and countermarketing strategies to reduce smoking. Prostate Cancer CDC conducts research about prostate cancer, enhances prostate cancer data in cancer registries, and educates men about prostate cancer screening.

Skin Cancer CDC conducts monitoring, research, education, and interventions for skin cancer. Cancer Survivors CDC works with partners to create and implement successful strategies to help the growing number of cancer survivors in the United States. Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network The Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network CPCRN is a national network of academic, public health, and community partners who work together to reduce the burden of cancer, especially among those disproportionately affected.

Last Reviewed: August 1, Source: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Eighteen grants at 17 institutions are expected to create or implement cancer control, prevention, research, and training programs in minority and underserved populations.

June 7, —President Clinton issued an executive memorandum directing the Medicare program to reimburse providers for the cost of routine patient care in clinical trials. The memorandum also provides for additional actions to promote the participation of Medicare beneficiaries in clinical studies.

December 3, —As part of a national commitment to identify and address the underlying causes of disease and disability in racial and ethnic communities, NCI established the Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities. Because these communities carry an unequal burden of cancer-related health disparities, NCI is working to enhance its research, education, and training programs that focus on populations in need.

May 10, —FDA approval of the drug Gleevec, also known as STI, is announced as an oral treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia.

This marked the approval of the first molecularly targeted drug that directly turns off the signal of a protein known to cause a cancer. Clinical trials expanded as investigators tested Gleevec in a variety of cancers that share common molecular abnormalities.

July 24, —The largest-ever prostate cancer prevention study was launched by NCI and a network of researchers known as the Southwest Oncology Group. The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial is designed to determine if these two dietary supplements can protect against prostate cancer which is the most common form of non-skin cancer in men.

The study is expected to include a total of 32, men. September 4, —NCI and the American College of Radiology Imaging Network launched 3-year multicenter study of digital mammography, called the Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial, the first large, multicenter study to compare digital mammography to standard mammography for the detection of breast cancer.

September 10, —NCI launched the Consumer Advocates in Research and Related Activities program—a landmark initiative convening a network of dedicated advocates who bring the viewpoint of those affected by cancer to NCI. February 7, —Scientists from NCI and FDA reported that patterns of proteins found in patients' blood may reflect the presence of ovarian cancer, even at early stages.

This new diagnostic concept is potentially applicable to the diagnosis of other diseases. May 19, —Researchers from NCI reported that the molecularly targeted drug bevacizumab slowed tumor growth in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, the most common form of kidney cancer in adults.

June 19, —NCI scientists used microarray technology to determine the patterns of genes that are active in tumor cells from which they could predict whether patients with the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults are likely to be cured by chemotherapy.

July 16, —The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NHLBI of NIH stopped a major clinical trial early of the risks and benefits of combined estrogen and progestin in healthy menopausal women due to an increased risk of invasive breast cancer. The large multi-center trial, a component of the Women's Health Initiative WHI , also found increases in coronary heart disease, stroke, and pulmonary embolism in study participants on estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo pills.

The trial showed that postmenopausal women who used estrogen replacement therapy for 10 or more years were at significantly higher risk of developing ovarian cancer than women who never used hormone replacement therapy. September 18, —NCI launched the National Lung Screening Trial to compare spiral computed tomography and single-view chest x-ray for early lung cancer in 50, current and former heavy smokers.

The trial will examine the relative risks and benefits of both tests at 30 study sites throughout the United States. September 19, —NCI researchers demonstrated that a new approach to cancer treatment, that replaces a patient's immune system with cancer-fighting cells produced in the laboratory specifically to destroy their tumors, can lead to tumor shrinkage.

The experimental technique, known as adoptive transfer, has shown promising results in patients with metastatic melanoma who have not responded to standard treatment.

October 16, —NCI and FDA scientists found that patterns of proteins in patients' blood, called prostate-specific antigen PSA , may help distinguish between prostate cancer and benign prostate conditions. PSA is a protein produced by cells of the prostate gland. The blood level of PSA is often elevated in men with prostate cancer.

The technique may be useful in deciding whether to perform a biopsy in men with elevated levels of PSA. October 31, —NCI researchers have discovered that a molecule best known for its antimicrobial properties also can activate key cells in the immune response.

This newly discovered function suggests the molecule, a peptide called Beta-defensin 2, may be useful in the development of more effective cancer vaccines. May 30, —Overseen by an Interagency Oncology Task Force IOTF , FDA and NCI entered into an agreement to share knowledge and resources to facilitate the development of new cancer drugs and speed their delivery to patients.

The goal of the IOTF is to leverage the expertise and capabilities of both agencies to streamline and accelerate the overall development of diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic interventions for cancer. June 24, —Results of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, testing the effectiveness of finasteride to prevent the disease, were announced about a year earlier than expected.

There was a note of caution, however; the men who did develop prostate cancer while taking finasteride were more likely to have high-grade tumors.

September 2, —Death rates from the four most common cancers—lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal—continued to decline in the late s according to data from the Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, This report provides an annual update of cancer incidence, mortality, and trends in the United States.

NCI has partnered with The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Cancer Society, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries on the report since November 6, —NCI scientists demonstrated that the growth factors interleukin-2 IL-2 and IL have contrasting roles in the life and death of lymphocytes, an observation that has implications for the immunotherapy of cancer and autoimmune diseases.

September 13, —NCI announced the Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer, a five-year initiative to integrate nanotechnology development into basic and applied cancer research to facilitate the rapid application of this science to the clinic. Nanotechnology is a field of research that deals with the engineering and creation of things from materials that are less than nanometers one-billionth of a meter in size, especially single atoms or molecules.

Nanotechnology offers the means to target treatments directly and selectively to cancerous cells and neoplasms. December 10, —According to research supported by NCI, and performed in collaboration with the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project and Genomic Health Inc.

April 25, —The Herceptin Adjuvant HERA Breast International Group [BIG] Trial showed the combination of the targeted agent trastuzumab Herceptin and standard chemotherapy cuts the risk of HERpositive breast cancer recurrence by more than half compared with chemotherapy alone.

For women with this type of aggressive breast cancer, the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy appears to virtually reverse prognosis from unfavorable to good. May 6, —NCI announced the Community Networks Program, a five-year initiative to reduce cancer disparities in minority and underserved populations through community participation in education, research, and training.

September 16, —Preliminary results from a large clinical trial of digital versus film mammography showed no difference in detecting breast cancer for the general population of women in the trial. However, those women with dense breasts, who are pre- or perimenopausal or who are younger than age 50, may benefit from having a digital rather than a film mammogram.

September 28, —NCI and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NINDS created Rembrandt Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data , a joint informatics initiative to molecularly characterize a large number of primary brain tumors and to correlate those data with extensive retrospective and prospective clinical data.

October —NCI initiated the Patient Navigator Research Program PNRP to assess the impact of patient navigators on providing timely and quality standard cancer care to patients following an abnormal cancer finding.

The PNRP was designed to encourage research collaborations and partnerships with organizations serving diverse underserved communities within cancer care delivery systems. October 5, —The Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer , , showed observed cancer death rates from all cancers combined dropped 1.

The report's authors attribute the declines in death rates to progress in prevention, early detection, and treatment. October 11, —NCI announced the Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer initiative to study the effects of diet, weight, and physical activity on cancer and to answer critical questions to help guide our nation's public health efforts.

November 7, —NCI launched a cancer biorepository pilot project designed to standardize biospecimen collection and management among investigators of Specialized Programs of Research Excellence for prostate cancer to enhance the quality and availability of various biospecimens and associated data for the broader scientific community.

December 7, —Results from several studies presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium validated that a test called Oncotype DX can predict the risk of breast cancer recurrence in a sizable group of patients.

The studies also appeared to identify which of those patients might benefit most from chemotherapy. The studies were heralded by researchers as an important moment in the move toward individualized cancer care.

December 13, —NCI and the National Human Genome Research Institute launched a comprehensive effort to accelerate an understanding of the molecular basis of cancer through the application of genome analysis technologies, especially large-scale genome sequencing.

The overall effort, called The Cancer Genome Atlas, began with a pilot project to determine the feasibility of a full-scale effort to systematically explore the universe of genomic changes involved in all types of human cancer. April 17, —Initial results of the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene showed that the drug raloxifene, used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, works as well as tamoxifen in reducing breast cancer risk for postmenopausal women at increased risk of the disease.

May 23, —The Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment Rx or TAILORx was launched to examine whether genes that are frequently associated with risk of recurrence for women with early-stage breast cancer can be used to assign patients to the most appropriate and effective treatment.

June 7, —Gene profiling, a molecular technique that examines many genes simultaneously, was shown to accurately distinguish between two types of immune cell tumors, Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma DLBCL. Burkitt's lymphoma and DLBCL appear similar when viewed under a microscope but correct diagnosis is critical because each requires very different treatments.

June 8, —NCI announced FDA approval of the human papillomavirus HPV vaccine, based on the research of NCI scientists Douglas Lowy, M. Nearly two decades before, researchers at NCI and other institutions began searching for the underlying causes of cervical cancer. That scientific quest led to the vaccine Gardasil human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccine, quadrivalent , which protects against infection from the two types of human papillomavirus that cause the majority of cervical cancers worldwide.

June 29, —Researchers at NCI identified a link between inherited and acquired genetic factors that dramatically increase the chance of developing a very common type of melanoma. case-control study, and incidence rates for melanoma in the U.

The Melanoma Risk Assessment Tool can be used by health professionals to identify individuals at increased risk of melanoma, help them plan for regular screening, and potential.

October 5, —The Biomarkers Consortium, a public-private biomedical research partnership composed of The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, NIH, FDA, and the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, formed to search for and validate new biomarkers to accelerate the delivery of new technologies, medicines, and therapies for prevention, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.

October 18, —NCI released new data from the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility CGEMS study on prostate cancer intended to help identify genetic factors that influence the disease and could be integral to the discovery and development of new, targeted therapies.

This was the first public release of a whole-genome association study of cancer—such studies examine the entire genome, with no assumptions about which genetic alterations cause cancer.

Adding an MRI scan to the diagnostic evaluation effectively doubled the number of cancers immediately found in these women. Age-adjusted breast cancer incidence rates in women in the United States fell 6.

Prescriptions for HRT also declined rapidly in and May 8, —Researchers from NCI and Baylor College of Medicine found that people infected with the hepatitis C virus are at an increased risk of developing certain lymphomas cancers of the lymphatic system.

June 14, —NCI launched the three-year pilot phase of a new program that will help bring state-of-the-art cancer care to patients in community hospitals across the United States.

October 15, — The Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer , , showed cancer death rates decreased on average 2. November 27, —A new model for calculating invasive breast cancer risk the CARE model was found to give better estimates of the number of breast cancers that would develop in African American women 50 to 79 years of age than an earlier model which was based primarily on data from white women.

January —Scientists reported that results of a randomized phase III clinical trial show that a combination of low oral doses of difluoromethylornithine and sulindac greatly reduces the recurrence of colon polyps and is safe and well tolerated.

March 6, —DNA mutations found in a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has a poor prognosis led researchers to a better understanding of how the cancer develops and how it might be treated.

April 21, —Researchers identified a pattern of gene activity in mice that may help to predict individual risk for breast cancer metastasis and survival in humans.

A single gene called bromodomain 4 Brd4 regulates the expression of this pattern, also called a signature. Researchers found that one result of this Brd4 regulation is the suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in a mouse model of cancer.

June 23, —NCI researchers found that cells from a blood-borne cancer called multiple myeloma rely on the activity of a single protein, IRF4, for the activation of a wide range of genes responsible for cell survival and spread.

Blocking the production of this protein can be strikingly effective in eliminating cancer cells in laboratory models of multiple myeloma.

January 1, —Scientists identified mutations in a gene that predict a high likelihood of relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALL. Although further research is needed, the findings are likely to provide the basis for future diagnostic tests to assess the risk of treatment failure.

By using a molecular test to identify this genetic marker in ALL patients, physicians should be better able to determine appropriate therapies. February 11, —Researchers established that abnormal white blood cells can be present in patients' blood more than six years prior to the diagnosis of a chronic form of lymphocytic leukemia.

This finding may lead to a better understanding of the cellular changes that characterize the earliest stages of the disease and how it progresses. March 18, —A new report from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, designed to provide answers about the effectiveness of prostate cancer screening, showed that six annual screenings for prostate cancer led to more diagnoses of the disease, but no fewer prostate cancer deaths.

August 14, —Results of a randomized phase III clinical trial show that targeted therapy with the drug imatinib mesylate Gleevec reduces disease recurrence following surgery to remove a localized gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

October 5, —Researchers identified a gene that may play a role in the growth and spread of a childhood cancer called rhabdomyosarcoma, which develops in the body's soft tissues.

The finding revealed a potential new target for the treatment of this disease. October 7, —Researchers found that a small RNA molecule, known as a microRNA, may help physicians identify liver cancer patients who, in spite of their poor prognosis, could respond well to treatment with a biological agent called interferon.

December 18, —Initial results from a large, randomized clinical trial for patients with multiple myeloma, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, showed that patients who received the oral drug lenalidomide Revlimid, also known as CC following a blood stem cell transplant avoided recurrences longer than patients who received a placebo.

January 6, —Researchers with a study conducted at NCI, the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the National Human Genome Research Institute, discovered genetic mutations that may contribute to the development of an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

These findings provided insight into a mechanism that cancer cells may use to survive, thus identifying potential new targets for treatment of the disease. January 19, —Researchers found that the most common form of malignant brain cancer in adults, glioblastoma multiforme, is not a single disease but appears to be four distinct molecular subtypes that respond to aggressive chemotherapy and radiation differently, according to a study by The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network.

April 19, —Long-term results show that Raloxifene, a common osteoporosis drug, prevented breast cancer to the same degree, but with fewer serious side-effects than the drug Tamoxifen that had been in use many years for breast cancer prevention as well as treatment. In particular, there was significantly less endometrial cancer with raloxifene use.

November 10, —Researchers discovered mutations in a particular gene that affects the treatment prognosis for some patients with acute myeloid leukemia, an aggressive blood cancer that kills 9, Americans annually. December 23, —NCI announced major changes to the long-established Clinical Trials Cooperative Group Program that conducts many of the nationwide trials of new cancer therapies.

In a major transformation, NCI intends to consolidate the nine groups that currently conduct trials in adult cancer patients into four state-of-the-art entities that will design and perform improved trials of cancer therapies. The changes are designed to provide greater benefits for cancer patients and more information for researchers.

These moves come in response to an NCI-requested April report from the Institute of Medicine, which called for a series of changes to the cooperative groups program, including restructuring. The NCI Cooperative Group program, founded over 50 years ago, involves more than 3, institutions and 14, investigators, and the program enrolls over 25, patients in clinical trials each year.

March 10, —The number of cancer survivors in the United States increased to There were 3 million cancer survivors in and 9. March 31, —Rates of death in the United States from all cancers for men and women continued to decline between and , the most recent reporting period available, according to the latest Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer.

June 5, —NCI announced clinical trial results showing that in a high-risk form of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a high-dose schedule of a drug raises already high cure rates even higher. June 29, —An analysis of genomic changes in ovarian cancer has provided the most comprehensive and integrated view of cancer genes for any cancer type to date.

Ovarian serous adenocarcinoma tumors from patients were examined by The Cancer Genome Atlas TCGA Research Network. TCGA researchers completed whole-exome sequencing, which examines the protein-coding regions of the genome, on an unprecedented tumors.

September, 8, —The NCI-sponsored Costa Rica Vaccine Trial was designed to assess the efficacy of Cervarix in a community-based setting. Two doses of the human papillomavirus vaccine HPV Cervarix were as effective as the current standard three-dose regimen after four years of follow-up.

January 19, —A clinical trial has shown that addition of chemotherapy to radiation therapy leads to a near doubling of median survival time in patients with a form of brain tumor oligodendroglioma that carries a chromosomal abnormality called the 1p19q co-deletion.

March 2, —The Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study looked at 12, workers at 8 non-metal mining facilities in the United States. Federal government scientists reported that heavy exposure to diesel exhaust increased risk of death from lung cancer. March 8, —In a new examination of United States cancer incidence data, investigators reported that incidence trends have remained roughly constant for glioma, the main type of brain cancer hypothesized to be related to cell phone use.

May 21, — In a study that spanned 20 years, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian PLCO Cancer Screening Trial, sponsored by NCI, found that sigmoidoscopy is effective in reducing the rates of new cases and deaths due to colorectal cancer.

September 27, —Scientists may have discovered why a protein called MYC can provoke a variety of cancers. Like many proteins associated with cancer, MYC helps regulate cell growth. A study carried out by researchers at NIH and colleagues found that, unlike many other cell growth regulators, MYC does not turn genes on or off, but instead boosts the expression of genes that are already turned on.

More than 30 percent of all human cancers are driven by mutations of the RAS family of genes. This approach is called a "hub and spoke" model.

The Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research FNLCR acts as the hub that connects to the larger community of RAS researchers around the world combining efforts and creating new ways to approach the complex issue of RAS. September 19, —A world-wide competition to bring emerging breast cancer technologies to market was launched by the Avon Foundation for Women, in partnership with NCI and the Center for Advancing Innovation.

Teams were offered the opportunity to create strategic business plans and the potential to start new companies based on the development of 10 unlicensed breast cancer inventions by turning them into commercially marketed products.

Breast cancer inventions include therapeutics, diagnostics, prognostics, one device, one vaccine, and a health IT invention, all from the NCI intramural Center for Cancer Research and Avon Foundation-funded university labs. October 10, —Glioblastoma multiforme GBM was the first cancer type to be systematically studied by The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network TCGA in In a new, complementary report, TCGA experts examined more than GBM samples—the largest to date utilizing genomic characterization techniques and nearly more than were examined in —to identify several additional significantly mutated genes in GBM.

November 13, —A trial conducted by researchers at NCI showed adult patients with a type of cancer known as Burkitt lymphoma had excellent long-term survival rates—upwards of 90 percent—following treatment with low-intensity chemotherapy regimens.

Standard treatment for Burkitt lymphoma involves high-dose chemotherapy, which has a high rate of toxicity, including death, and cures only 60 percent of adult patients. November 20, —NCI scientists report that the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer significantly increased during the period among people in countries that are economically developed.

Recent studies from several countries have reported rising incidence of oropharyngeal cancers and subsequent studies have shown the human papilloma virus HPV as the potential cause.

Researchers note that prophylactic HPV vaccine has been shown to protect against oral HPV infection, suggesting an additional benefit of vaccination programs for both women and men. March 1, —NCI transformed its longstanding Cooperative Group program into the new National Clinical Trials Network NCTN.

Recent advances in deciphering the cancer genome have enabled the development of targeted therapies. To explore targeted therapies, cancer clinical trials need to screen large numbers of patients with the same or different histologic tumor types to identify those patients whose tumors contain the distinct molecular targets of the therapies being tested.

March 5, — Ten winners of a world-wide competition to bring emerging breast cancer research technologies to market faster were announced today by the Avon Foundation for Women, in partnership with the NCI, and the Center for Advancing Innovation CAI.

ALCHEMIST represents three integrated, precision medicine trials that are designed to identify people with early-stage lung cancer who have tumors that harbor EGFR and ALK gene alterations and evaluate whether drug treatments targeted against those molecular changes can lead to improved survival compared to current standard of care therapy alone e.

August 30, —In a large international collaborative analysis of risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma NHL , NCI scientists were able to quantify risk associated with medical history, lifestyle factors, family history of blood or lymph-borne cancers, and occupation for 11 different NHL subtypes, including less common subtypes.

These findings provide crucial insight into the diverse factors that drive different NHL subtypes and correspond with their biological and clinical characteristics.

October 7, —President Obama announced that John Schiller, Ph. The honorees received their medals at a White House ceremony later in as recognition for their outstanding contributions to discoveries that enabled the development of HPV vaccines. NCORP is a national network of investigators, cancer care providers, academic institutions, and other organizations.

NCORP replaced NCI's previously supported community networks: Community Clinical Oncology Program and the NCI Community Cancer Centers Program. NCORP conducts multi-site cancer clinical trials and studies in diverse populations in community-based healthcare systems across the United States and Puerto Rico with a goal of NCORP bringing cancer clinical trials and cancer care delivery research to individuals in their own communities.

Researchers at NCI intend to use this approach to find new, more effective treatments for various kinds of cancer based on increased knowledge of the genetics and biology of the disease and scientists hope to apply precision medicine to all areas of health and healthcare.

January 27, —In the largest prospective study to date of image-guided technology for identifying suspicious regions of the prostate to biopsy, NCI researchers compared the ability of this technology to detect high-risk prostate cancer with that of the current standard of unguided prostate biopsy.

April 20, —A new NCI study shows that inherited variations in a known tumor suppressor gene among children and adolescents with osteosarcoma, a cancer of the bone, are more common than previously thought. Older patients who are also susceptible to this malignancy were not found to carry mutations in the gene, known as TP We also aim to increase investment in the NCI Experimental Therapeutics NExT program, our flagship program that moves promising drugs and interventions from early-stage discovery to selection of candidates for clinical trials to Food and Drug Administration review and approval.

The field of implementation science develops and tests how people access care, including methods aimed at ensuring interventions that are proven to be effective through research—and go on to become the standard of care—are accessible to anyone seeking cancer care in their community.

NCI will expand research in this area to better understand and address barriers that prevent the uptake of effective approaches, and how to overcome those barriers, so that all people benefit equitably from cancer research advances. A vibrant biomedical research workforce, made up of professionals with diverse perspectives, is essential to address the formidable challenges presented by cancer.

NCI will introduce new programs to attract scientists of diverse backgrounds to cancer research and improve their inclusion in training environments. See Cancer Moonshot Scholars below. The White House invites organizations, companies, and institutions to share actions they plan to take as part of the mission to end cancer as we know it.

People with direct experience with cancer are encouraged to share ideas and stories of inspiration. Visit whitehouse. Several initiatives have already been launched or will soon launch that will address the goals of the next phase of the Cancer Moonshot:.

Multi-cancer detection blood tests may provide less-invasive tools for early detection of cancer and improved health outcomes. The NCI Multi-Cancer Detection MCD Test Vanguard Study is a 4-year pilot study that will enroll 24, people ages 45 to 70 to inform the design of a much larger randomized controlled trial involving about , people.

The study will evaluate whether the benefits of using MCD tests to screen for cancer outweigh the harms, and whether they can detect cancer early enough to reduce deaths.