Probiotic Foods for Asthma -
For many people, practicing yoga can decrease stress, which may trigger your asthma. Studies have found that people trained in Yoga may experience fewer asthma attacks and have better results in breathing tests. A meta-analysis of 15 studies also concluded that there is some evidence to the possitive effect of yogic breathing on mild-to-moderate asthma.
Research shows that asthma can have not only physical and environmental triggers but also psychological ones, such as stress, anxiety, or depression. Trying different ways of mental grounding or psychological treatment may help reduce asthma flare-ups in some cases.
In hypnotherapy, hypnosis makes a person more relaxed and open to new ways to think, feel, and behave. Hypnotherapy may also help facilitate muscle relaxation, which may help people with asthma cope with symptoms like chest tightness.
This may explain why a study on hypnotherapy found that people with known psychological asthma triggers can find some symptom relief with this treatment.
Mindfulness is a type of meditation that focuses on how the mind and the body are feeling in the present moment. It can be practiced almost anywhere. All that you need is a quiet place to sit down, close your eyes, and focus your attention on the thoughts, feelings, and sensations in your body.
Because of its stress-relieving benefits, mindfulness may help to complement your prescription medication and relieve stress-related asthma symptoms. Research shows that mindfulness practices may not directly reduce the physical symptoms caused by asthma but rather helps better manage how you experience and view those symptoms in your daily life.
Other research on the impact of mindfulness on asthma appears to be inconclusive, so more studies are needed to verify the connection.
Acupuncture is a form of Traditional Chinese medicine that involves placing small needles into specific points on the body. Some people with asthma may find that acupuncture helps to improve airflow and manage symptoms like chest pain. Another study that compared acupuncture and traditional asthma treatments found that those who did acupuncture during the study showed more improvement in immune system and lung function tests than those who tool traditional asthma medications.
However, the long-term benefits of acupuncture have not yet been proven effective against asthma. Speleotherapy is a type of dry salt therapy. It involves spending time in a salt room, introducing tiny particles into the respiratory system. One study on asthma in children found that after 4 weeks of speleotherapy, symptoms seemed to improve, as well as levels of nitric oxide , which is a marker for asthma inflammation.
Another study found that combining speleotherapy with winter exercise or sports may help reduce asthma symptoms. Some of these natural approaches may help reduce asthma symptoms, but you check with your doctor before trying anything.
Your doctor may also recommend you continue taking your usual asthma medications , and they may adjust your dosage if your asthma is severe. Read this article in Spanish. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.
VIEW ALL HISTORY. Learn what you can do at home during an asthma attack, when you need to seek emergency medical help, and other remedies to try. Mild persistent asthma is a classification of asthma symptoms. This is the second of four stages of asthma and typically means you have symptoms more….
Learn the steps to properly use different types of asthma inhalers. Though sometimes silent, asthma should always be taken seriously.
Let's learn the signs to look for. Asthma is typically a chronic condition, but you may experience symptoms that are acute from time to time. Pregnancy can cause exacerbations of asthma symptoms. You may need to change your asthma treatment plan if you are pregnant.
About half of asthma is due to eosinophils. In the cladogram, the size of the node circle is proportional to the relative abundance of taxa. The node size corresponds to the average relative abundance of the OTU.
Yellow indicates no significant difference between groups, and other colors red, blue, purple, green, and orange denote that OTUs have a significant difference between groups.
Histogram of the LDA scores for differentially abundant genera. LDA scores were calculated by LEfSe using linear discriminant analysis to assess the effect size of each differentially abundant bacterial taxa. To determine whether specific bacteria were differentially abundant along with the probiotics modulation intervented by different diets, we conducted a further analyses.
After the AA model had been established, family Erysipelotrichaceae and genera Dubosiella and Paraprevotella were more abundant, compared with that in the Con group see Supplementary Figure 2.
After intervention with L. paracasei , the dominant bacteria changed into phylum Bacteroidetes, and there were significant decrease in family Erysipelotrichaceae and genus Dubosiella see Supplementary Figure 3.
Upon consumption of different diets, the intestinal community altered significantly. In the Hfiber group, the phylum Bacteroidetes, families Tannerellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Muribaculaceae, genera Angelakisella , Parabacteroides , and Allobaculum were in relatively high abundance, phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, families Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Corynebacteriaceae, genera Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium , Turicibacter , and Corynebacterium decreased see Supplementary Figure 5.
Taken together, these data demonstrated that different diets promoted distinct microbial communities that influenced L. paracasei -modulated AA.
The Pearson correlation coefficients between the predominant intestinal microbiota and cytokines in BALF were displayed in Table 3. Table 3. Pearson correlation coefficients between intestinal bacteria and cytokines in BALF.
Diet affects the GM, and dietary habits can impact overall intestinal health Nakaji et al. However, little is known of the role of diet in probiotic-modulating AA. One might speculate an interplay of diet, intestinal microflora, and immune cells.
The diet pattern could be critical in regulating the effect of probiotics given to people suffering from AA. The dietary patterns of 85 individuals were obtained. We found that people suffering from AA had unbalanced diets and inadequate intake of vegetables, and excessive intake of animal-based food was typical.
According to a World Health Report from , low intake of vegetables and fruit is associated with ischemic heart disease, gastrointestinal cancer, and stroke World Health Organization WHO , Consistent with the notion that a plant-rich diet is associated with positive health outcomes and reduced risk of disease, Alison et al.
highlighted the importance of a high-fiber diet in protection against asthma development Thorburn et al. Saadeh et al. A high-fat diet has been shown to increase airway inflammation in asthma Wood et al.
Hence, diet could be an environmental factor that influences how probiotics prevent AA. We monitored systemic symptoms nasal rubbing and sneezing , cytokines levels, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fecal bacterial composition in a dietary-intervention study of AA induced by OVA rats with modulation by L.
We discovered that different diets influenced the effect of L. paracasei on modulating AA. Moreover, a high fiber diet plus L. paracasei as a rescue medication showed a synergistic effect and led to a decreased frequency of rubbing and sneezes, whereas a high-fat diet exacerbated these symptoms.
A reduced serum level of OVA-specific IgE and total counts of inflammatory cells in BALF in the Hfiber group suggested an instinctive response to remission of allergic inflammation, but the group that consumed a high-fat diet showed the opposite results.
IgE on the surface of immune cells binds to specific airway allergens followed by IgE cross-linking, cell activation, and release of preformed mediators Komi and Bjermer, ; Salomonsson et al.
In this regard, the lower IgE level also reflected attenuation of the Th2 immune response and the immune tolerance to allergic antigens Ciprandi et al. AA is characterized by eosinophils accumulation. The decreased number of eosinophils infiltrating the lungs was a response to the inhibition of allergic inflammation by consumption of a high-fiber diet.
A high-fat diet induced eosinophil accumulation in the lungs of AA rats. The Probio group given a high-fiber diet inhibited expression of IL-4 and IL and increased expression of IFN-ɤ, but the group that consumed a high-fat diet had the opposite results.
IL-4 can upregulate expression of chemotactic factors such as eotaxins to promote eosinophil infiltration. IL can drive airway remodeling Quan et al. Indeed, our study found that the Hfiber diet assists the L. paracasei skewed the immune balance toward Th1, with increased IFN-ɤ and conversely decreased IL-4, in commitment with the previous presentation of reduced IgE and fewer eosinophils infiltration.
Although increased expression of IFN-ɤ has been found in individuals with severe asthma and acute exacerbations Kumar et al. The balance between Th17 and T regs cells also suggests a crucial role in asthma pathogenesis Vroman et al.
Various studies have indicated that the homeostatic balance between T regs and Th17 cells was altered markedly in asthma exacerbations, and correlates with asthma severity Zou et al. TGF-β is produced by T regs , which have been implicated to inhibit the immune response.
They suppress effector T cells of Th1 or Th2 phenotypes. Therefore, increased expression of TGF-β in BALF in the Hfiber group seems rational.
Several studies have associated a changed intestinal microbiota with the etiology of various diseases, and changes in gut microflora composition, in response to diet change Kau et al. We discovered that consumption of different diet led to alterations in the structure of microbial communities in the gut as well as the composition of intestinal bacteria as evidenced by NMDS Giloteaus et al.
There was a significant difference in the alpha diversity of microbiota in different diet groups, and the bacterial diversity of the Hfiber group was decreased dramatically. We revealed that a diet rich in fiber assisted the way that L. paracasei modified the GM. This finding corroborates the data from a study by Salonen et al.
Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequencing among groups revealed that a high-fiber diet significantly improved GM structure by enriching bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes, as reported by Trompette et al. Consumption of a high-fat diet enhanced the proportions of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, which indicated the enrichment of specific bacteria in the colon is diet-specific Filippo et al.
Phylum Bacteroidetes was increased markedly in the Hfiber group. Salyers and coworkers showed that the bacteria of phylum Bacteroidetes have the functions of carbohydrate fermentation, polysaccharide metabolism, and maintaining the normal physiological function of the intestinal tract Salyers, The influence of a high-fat diet led to significant induction of Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Deltaproteobacteria, and Desulfovibrionaceae.
Studies have shown that Clostridiales can be pathogenic, leading to infectious diseases or mild cognitive impairment in mice Antharam et al. The members of the family Lachnospiraceae are enriched by a low-fiber Western-style diet, are associated with inflammatory diseases, and have been reported to protect against allergy by modulating the immune system Png et al.
The relative abundance of bacteria of the family Ruminococcaceae is lower in IgE-associated eczema compared with that in people not suffering from allergies. Enriched abundance of Deltaproteobacteria is related to AA in mice Hirota et al.
Moreover, bacteria of the family Desulfovibrionaceae which are opportunistic pathogens have been linked to inflammatory diseases of the gut and chronic disorders. Hence, the alterations induced by a high-fat diet suggest inflammation exacerbation. Therefore, L.
paracasei , with the assistance of a high-fiber diet, ameliorated allergy symptoms to a greater extent than use of L. paracasei alone in an inflammatory-modulation manner.
Thus, a high fiber diet seems to support the effect of AA medication as an add-on therapy. Our study had two main limitations.
First, our findings are limited to an AA model induced by OVA; the effect a high-fiber or high-fat diet on an AA sensitized by other antigens e. Second, associations between the most relevant taxa and a high-fiber diet or high-fat diet, respectively, were not validated by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR.
We provided new insights into consumption of different diets influenced the effect of L. paracasei on suppressing AA.
In particular, the intestinal microbiota altered by different dietary patterns were associated with allergic inflammation.
The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University.
The animal study was reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University. SW conceived and designed the experiments and supervised. AX, JS, and SL performed the experiments.
JS and YL analyzed the data. AX wrote the manuscript. SW and LT reviewed the manuscript. All authors have read and given approval to the final version of the manuscript.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.
Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Supplementary Figure 2 Gut microbiota comparisons between Con group and Model group.
Supplementary Figure 3 Gut microbiota comparisons between Model group and Probio group. Supplementary Figure 4 Gut microbiota comparisons between Probio group and Hfat group. Supplementary Figure 5 Gut microbiota comparisons between Probio group and Hfiber group.
Abrahamsson, T. Low gut microbiota diversity in early infancy precedes asthma at school age. Google Scholar. Antharam, V. Intestinal dysbiosis and depletion of butyrogenic bacteria in Clostridium difficile infection and nosocomial diarrhea.
doi: PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Atarashi, K. Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous Clostridium species. Science , — Barnes, P.
The cytokine network in chronic obstructive pulmonry disease. Cell Mol. Bernaud, F. Dietary fiber — adequate intake and effects on metabolism health. Campo, R. Improvement of digestive health and reduction in protebobacterial populations in the gut microbiota of cystic fibrosis patients using a Lactobacillus reuteri probiotic preparation: a double blind prospective study.
Cho, K. IFATS collection: immunomodulatory effects of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in an allergic rhinitis mouse model. Stem Cells 27, — Choi, S. Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP and CJLP alleviates birch pollen-induced allergic rhinitis in mice.
Ciprandi, G. From IgE to clinical trials of allergic rhinitis. Expert Rev. Colombo, D. Proxima study centers. Gender differences in asthma perception and its impact on quality of life: a post hoc analysis of the PROXIMA Patient Reported Outcomes and Xolair ® In the Management of Asthma study.
Allergy Asthma Clin. Cruz, P. David, L. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature , — Dent, L. Eosinophilia in transgenic mice expressing interleukin 5.
Dzidic, M. Aberrant IgA responses to the gut microbiota during infancy precede asthma and allergy development. Allergy Clin.
Ellwood, P. Diet and asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema symptom prevalence: an ecological analysis of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood ISAAC data.
Filippo, C. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa.
Fiocchi, A. Clinical use of probiotics in pediatric allergy CUPPA : a World Allergy Organization position paper. World Allergy Organ J. Frei, R. Microbiota and dietary interactions: an update to the hygiene hypothesis?
Allergy 67, — Fujiwara, D. Allergy Immunol. Giloteaus, L. Microbiome Giudice, M. Key nutrients you need can help improve your overall health.
Magnesium-is important for lung function and can be found in dark chocolate, avocado, nuts, lentils and seeds pumpkin, flax and chia. Potassium-is also important and found in avocados, cantaloupes, oranges, leafy greens and bananas. Omega-3 fatty acids -are known anti-inflammatories.
The are found in salmon, mackarel, sardines, cod liver oil, walnuts, soybeans and seeds. Omega-6 should be avoided, they are found in packaged foods with refined oils like soy or corn.
Vitamin A-is essential for immunity and found in liver, salmon, carrots, broccoli, cod liver oil, sweet red peppers, apricots, black-eyed peas, winter squash, spinach, kale and collard greens. Vitamin C-has been shown to reduce the risk of viral infection.
They are found in oranges, grapefruit, strawberries, acerola cherries, sweet yellow peppers, thyme, parsley, kale,kiwis, broccoli and papayas. Vitamin D -levels are important for asthma, lower levels have been associated with higher asthma risks. One of the best ways to get it is through sun exposure, approximately 15 minutes a day.
In foods it is found in salmon, mackarel, egg yolks and fortified foods such as milk, orange juice and cereal.
Foodz rates are risingaffecting more than Probiotic Foods for Asthma people worldwide. Recent preclinical evidence Asthmx a Productivity hacks window Ashtma in life where gut Probioic changes dysbiosis are most influential in experimental asthma. Asthma Asthhma an episodic or chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by reversible airflow restriction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Implicated factors in asthma pathogenesis include genetic and epigenetic factors, environmental exposure to indoor and outdoor substances as well as microbial dysbiosis. Notably, microbes are important immunomodulatorsspawning regulatory T cells, which can suppress inflammation. This anti-inflammatory effect is thought by researchers to be a possible mechanism for the benefit of probiotics in asthma.Probiotic Foods for Asthma -
Metrics details. Asthma is considered to be a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are found in the human gut and have protective effects against a wide range of diseases such as allergies.
The aim of this study was to investigate the improvement of clinical asthma symptoms and changes in the expression pattern of selective microRNAs in patients with asthma and the changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ plasma levels after receiving probiotics. The present study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that enrolled 40 asthmatic patients.
Pulmonary function tests, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels, and expression of microRNAs were assessed at baseline and after treatment. The results showed that the expression of miR, miRa and IL-4 levels in patients with asthma after receiving probiotic supplementation was significantly reduced and miRb expression was increased.
In addition, pulmonary function tests showed a significant improvement in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s and Forced Vital Capacity after receiving probiotics. In our study, 8-week treatment with probiotic supplementation led to reduced Th2 cells-associated IL-4 and improved Forced Expiratory Volume and Forced Vital Capacity.
It appears probiotics can be used in addition to common asthma treatments. Asthma is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by inflammation of the airways, recurrent shortness of breath, wheezing and bronchial hyperresponsiveness BHR eventually reversible blocking of the airway [ 1 , 2 ].
The prevalence of asthma has increased in the past decades. A potential mechanism underlying this high prevalence is the microbial hypothesis which argues that less microbial exposure upregulates the cytokine production of T-helper cells type 2 Th2 , leading to an increase in allergic diseases [ 3 ].
The main available treatments currently for asthma include accurate assessment of asthma severity and the use of β2-adrenergic agonists, which are bronchodilators for acute reactions, and anti-inflammatory drugs such as inhaled corticosteroids [ 4 ].
The mechanisms that cause allergic diseases in early life are not yet fully understood. One possible cause is intestinal microbiota, in which the composition and structure of common bacteria interact with the developing immune system.
Such interactions can affect the maturation of the immune system, which potentially leads to allergic Th2-type responses [ 5 ]. Probiotics are found in the intestines of humans. They have protective effects against a range of diseases such as allergies, tumors, diabetes, inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system disorders.
The effects of probiotics are significantly exerted by regulating cytokine gene expression, regulating the immune system, enhancing mucosal barrier function, and competing with pathogenic bacteria [ 6 , 7 ].
MicroRNAs destroy or inhibit mRNA translation and regulate various biological processes, such as cell proliferation signal transduction, differentiation, apoptosis, regulate immune cell function, and thus maintain body homeostasis [ 8 , 9 ].
Probiotics can affect host miRNA, thereby affecting many functions of the host [ 10 ]. The ability of probiotics to regulate miRNA expression is critical for maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis. However, there are limited studies on the role of miRNAs in the regulation of intestinal microbiota as a treatment for disease.
In addition, the capacity of the host to regulate intestinal microbiota is not fully understood in a miRNA-dependent manner. Given that probiotics could have beneficial effects on immune system-related miRNAs, the current study was designed to investigate the effects of probiotics on clinical symptoms, changes in cytokines and microRNAs, and pulmonary function in patients with asthma.
The study was a double-blind parallel placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. To calculate the sample size, we used the standard formula suggested for parallel clinical trials by considering type one error α of 0.
Based on a previous study [ 11 ], we used changes in the parameters of pulmonary function test as the key variables between probiotic-treated and placebo groups. Based on this, we needed 20 participants in each group. Forty patients with asthma were enrolled with mean age of Exclusion criteria included patients with lung infections such as pneumonia, coronary heart disease, lung cancer, primary and secondary immunodeficiency, other chronic diseases, patients who participated in other therapeutic studies in the past 6 months, patients who used high-dose multivitamins and probiotics within 3 months before screening, and patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the trial.
Eligible patients were randomly divided into probiotic and placebo groups. Briefly, Microsoft Excel was used to create a simple random sequence. The allocation was determined using numbered, opaque and sealed envelopes.
After performing the basic measurements, each participant selected an envelope. The whole randomization process was performed by a researcher who was blind and did not participate in the protocol. The patients in both groups took the same medication. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were the same for both the intervention and placebo groups.
The arrival period time of sampling was December to June Blood samples were taken from patients before and 60 days after the intervention and used for the subsequent steps. At each visit, patients underwent a physical examination, measurement of blood pressure, heart rate, and pulmonary function, and evaluation of asthma symptoms, asthma exacerbations, and adverse events.
The medications used by the patients were almost identical for both the probiotic group and the placebo group. The trial was conducted after approval by the ethics committee of Semnan University of Medical Sciences IR.
ir : IRCTN1, Registered All participants gave written informed consent. The intervention was started after the diagnosis of the first eligible patients.
The intervention group received one probiotic capsule per day one capsule after lunch and the control group consumed one placebo capsule containing mg starch Zist-Takhmir, Iran per day at the same time for 60 days.
The placebo and probiotic were packed in the same sealed boxes. The patients were instructed to keep the study medications refrigerated between 2 and 7 °C throughout the study. Both placebo and probiotic supplement capsule are registered by Food and Drug Administration of Iran. Blood was collected from the intervention and placebo groups in EDTA tubes.
It was centrifuged for 10 min at ×g, 18 to 20 °C for plasma separation within 1 h after collection. The plasma was transferred to a fresh tube for subsequent analysis and stored at ° C. Total RNA containing small RNA was isolated from 1 mL plasma using the BIOzol Reagent Stem cell technology research center, Iran according to the company protocol.
After mixing plasma with BIOzol reagent, µL of chloroform was added, and centrifuged at ×g at 4 ° C for 15 min. The total RNA quantity and purity were analyzed Nano Drop ND spectrophotometer Thermo Scientific, USA.
Briefly, 1 µg of total RNA, 1 uL of RT enzyme, 4 uL of buffer, 2 uL of dNTPs and nuclease-free H2O were added to yield a final volume of 20 uL. The reaction mixture was then incubated at 25 °C for 10 min, 42 °C for 60 min and at 70 °C for 10 min.
The abundance of miR, miR, miR, miRb, miRa, and miR gene transcripts in the plasma was determined by using the Step One Plus real-time PCR system Applied Biosystems, CA, USA with SYBR Green PCR master mix kit Stem cell technology research center, Iran.
Briefly, ELISA plates were coated with µL capture antibody and incubated overnight at 4 °C. The wells were blocked with ELISA diluent for 1 h at room temperature. Then, µL of Detection antibodies was added to each well and incubated for 2 h at room temperature.
After incubation, Avidin-HRP Horseradish peroxidase was added to each well µL and incubated for 30 min. Following this, tetramethyl benzidine TMB as substrate was added to each well and incubate for 1 h.
The reaction was stopped with stop solution and absorption were measured at nm using the microplate reader Stat Fax Awarness, AZ, USA. Standard curves were calculated based on measurements of different concentrations of recombinant cytokines.
Data comparison between groups and within groups was performed using paired t-test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Data analysis was performed with StepOne Software, Prism 8.
p-value of less than 0. Forty patients were randomly assigned to one of the intervention or placebo groups. An accurate flow chart of study recruitment is provided Fig.
In summary, five patients were excluded from the study after randomization and enrollment three in the probiotic and two in the placebo groups. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the placebo and intervention groups.
Basic features are shown in Table 1. The spirometric measurement for pulmonary function was performed at the beginning and end of the study.
The patients in the probiotic group had a significant improvement in FEV1 and FVC, after the study period compared to the baseline.
However, FEV1 and FVC in the probiotic group were not significantly different compared to the placebo group.
There were no significant changes in the level of FEV1 and FVC in the placebo group, before and after receiving the placebo. Additionally, some subjects in the probiotic group experienced flatulence as an adverse event data not shown.
Aa shown in Fig. Although IFN-γ production in the plasma was higher in the probiotic-treated group after treatment, it was not significantly different as compared to baseline Fig.
The intergroup comparison did not show any significant difference for IL-4, and IFN-γ. There was no significant change in the placebo group at the baseline and end of the intervention, neither for IFN-γ level nor IL Plasma levels of IL-4 A and IFN-γ B in probiotic and placebo groups before and after intervention in patients with asthma.
Bars represent the mean ± SEM. In order to determine the effect of probiotic supplement on the immune system, microRNA expression in plasma was evaluated after 60 days of probiotic administration.
Findings showed a significant difference in the expression of miRa, miR, miRb after receiving probiotics in the intervention group compared to baseline, though miR, miR, miR changes were not significantly different. The patients who received probiotic supplement showed a decrease in both miR Fig.
In addition, the expression of miRb in the probiotic group was increased compared to the beginning of the study Fig. The gene expression of miRNA A , miRNA B , miRNA C , miRNAb D , miRNAa E and miRNA F in the probiotic and placebo groups before and after intervention in patients with asthma.
As shown in Table 3 , patients in the probiotic group had significant improvement in ACT as the asthma control test and AQLQ scores as the quality of life questionnaire scores compared to baseline.
As shown in Fig. Data was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation test. Asthma is a global health problem that can affect the quality of life [ 14 ]. There is now evidence that microbiota is associated with a variety of diseases including asthma [ 15 ]. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are present in the human gut.
They have been shown to be effective in a variety of clinical conditions such as neonatal diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Helicobacter pylori infection, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, autoimmune diseases and allergies [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Different strains of probiotics have been studied for their effects on asthmatic patients.
In the study by Chen et al. the impact of L. gasseri A5 supplements in a short-term 2-month trial in children with asthma aged 6 to 12 years was assessed.
They found that this strain of probiotics could improve peak expiratory flow rate levels and CACT score and could significantly reduce the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL and IL production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells [ 11 ].
However, supplementation with L. casei [ 19 ] for 12 months or non-pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis [ 20 ] for 17 weeks had no beneficial effect on asthma. Our 8-week double-blind randomized intervention trial showed that probiotic supplementation had a significant beneficial effect on AQLQ and ACT scores, and also improved lung function FEV1 and FVC were seen.
There is a difference in ACT and AQLQ scores in the placebo group, but the difference is not statistically significant. In this regard, it seems that the effects of probiotics on scores, especially ACT, should be examined more carefully. Measurement of the pulmonary parameters showed that there was a significant increase in FEV1 and FVC after probiotic administration in the intervention group.
Probiotics probably exert their effect in two different ways. In the first way, probiotics can affect the immune system with products such as metabolites, cell wall components and DNA. Probiotics can systematically affect the function of immune cells by producing SCFAs short chain fatty acids such as acetate, butyrate, propionate, and modulate inflammatory responses [ 21 , 22 ].
SCFAs produced in the intestine enter the bloodstream and affect the immune system in remote parts of the body [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. SCFAs can also affect T cell differentiation through changes in cellular metabolism and energy levels. In the second pathway, some cells, such as dendritic cells DCs , are affected by probiotics.
The use of probiotics in the treatment of allergic diseases is based on the ability of probiotics to modulate TLRs and identify antigens that activate DCs. This will increase the response of Th1 cells. A possible mechanism is that an antigen binds to TLRs and leads to the activation of macrophages.
Active macrophages activate ILinducing Th1 cells and NK cells to produce IFN-γ. This cytokine inhibits Th2 cells and prevents the formation of IgE by B cells, thereby reducing asthma symptoms.
The study by Torii et al. demonstrated that the species Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L could balance the immune response of Th1 and Th2 through inducing Th1-related IFN-γ, and suppressing IL-4 [ 29 ].
In accordance with previous studies, we measured IFN-γ and IL-4 level. It was shown that IL-4 levels were significantly reduced compared to the baseline. Experimental and clinical evidence has shown that probiotics can regulate the host immune system or the microbial balance of the gut, leading to a reduction in allergic diseases [ 30 ].
MicroRNAs are the most prominent form of post-transcriptional gene regulation [ 31 ] and host-microbiota interaction plays a vital role in intestinal homeostasis through several mediators including miRNAs [ 32 ].
Quercetin-can be found in apples and onions, they are a yellow hued phytonutrient. Hesperidin-is concentrated in citrus fruit like lemons and oranges. It is important to get a wide variety of phytonutrients in your diet every day.
Key nutrients you need can help improve your overall health. Magnesium-is important for lung function and can be found in dark chocolate, avocado, nuts, lentils and seeds pumpkin, flax and chia.
Potassium-is also important and found in avocados, cantaloupes, oranges, leafy greens and bananas. Omega-3 fatty acids -are known anti-inflammatories.
The are found in salmon, mackarel, sardines, cod liver oil, walnuts, soybeans and seeds. Omega-6 should be avoided, they are found in packaged foods with refined oils like soy or corn.
Vitamin A-is essential for immunity and found in liver, salmon, carrots, broccoli, cod liver oil, sweet red peppers, apricots, black-eyed peas, winter squash, spinach, kale and collard greens.
Vitamin C-has been shown to reduce the risk of viral infection. They are found in oranges, grapefruit, strawberries, acerola cherries, sweet yellow peppers, thyme, parsley, kale,kiwis, broccoli and papayas.
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Suite Beverly Hills, CA Phone: Pfobiotic an asthma doctor, Probiotic Foods for Asthma am often Astham what are the best Probiotic Foods for Asthma for asthma? Before Balanced caloric intake begin, Flods should be noted that no foods will help relieve an asthma attack. But your daily diet plays a role in your overall health to keep you healthy and reduce symptoms of asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, thus we can help reduce the inflammation that causes asthma by adding specific foods to the diet.
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