Oxidative stress and athletic performance -
In the current study, the amount of anthocyanins was four times higher, i. Hence, it is likely that a combination of polyphenols, rather than the anthocyanin content, plays a role in reducing DNA damage. Analysis of the available literature indicates that the advantage of compounds derived from chokeberry is their comprehensive effect on both the immune system and reduction of oxidative stress, including the ability to chelate iron ions, which seems to be a key element not only for iron management.
For this reason, we expected it to reduce markers of oxidative stress. We therefore expected chokeberry juice supplementation to reduce oxidative stress markers. However, we observed a statistically insignificant reduction of the average values of oxidative stress markers tested after the second beep test after supplementation in both, the supplemented and control groups.
Zügel et al. The authors showed that the levels of hepcidin and ferritin, acute-phase proteins, were a sensitive indicator of changes in the training load exercise volume and intensity.
In the current study, football players were subjected to the same training load throughout the entire study period, which probably explains the lack of statistically significant differences in the levels of hepcidin and ferritin.
In another study [ 50 ], the effect of physical exercise and supplementation with juice high in polyphenols containing chokeberry extract, among other ingredients on hepcidin levels was analysed in a group of triathletes of both sexes. According to a cell line-based study, anthocyanins are inserted into the outer part of the erythrocyte membrane [ 52 ].
Their presence in the hydrophilic part of the membrane forms a protective shield against free radicals, among others, thus rendering them safe and effective antioxidants. Probably this fact may be explained by the decreased level of iron compared to the control group [ 52 ]. Iron ion chelation by active compounds present in chokeberry [ 53 ] might counteract muscle fibre damage.
However, in the current study, we did not observe significant changes in the levels of myoglobin, a marker of muscle fibre damage. Anthocyanins modulate inflammation, both because of their ability to sequester iron [ 54 ] and because of their regulation of various components of the immune system involved in the development of inflammation [ 55 ].
For instance, Ohgami et al. The authors also observed that the number of inflammatory cells, protein concentration, and levels of NO, pyrogenic prostaglandin E2, and tumour necrosis factor α in the aqueous humour in animal groups treated with crude chokeberry extract were significantly reduced, and the effect size was dose-dependent [ 56 ].
Consequently, standardization of the content of anthocyanin compounds, which play a key health-protective role, in chokeberry products should be considered for their use. In addition, participant play position or volume of competition play starters vs. non-starters was not considered in the randomization process in the current study.
These factors should be addressed in future studies. In addition, subject compliance was not controlled. Implementation of a web-based app with reminders of the supplementation time and dosage might potentially resolve this problem.
This could be explained by both, good adaptation of the athletes to the applied exercise load and the insufficient antioxidant capacity of the chokeberry juice tested. Further research should consider the supply of chokeberry in a more concentrated form, e. as a concentrate or lyophilizate, to compare the effects of chokeberry supplement types e.
juice, concentrate, mixtures or of various levels of antioxidant potential. Extremely intensive physical exercise can potentially lead to excessive muscle damage, which would decrease training progress.
Hence, future research should examine the possible mitigating effects of chokeberry juice on muscle damage and training progress improvement. Data and publication materials are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Effects of antioxidant-rich foods on altitude-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in elite endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. Download references. The authors would like to thank MUKS Zawisza Bydgoszcz coaches and players for participating in the project.
Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 2 Sportowa Str. Department of Physiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza Str, , Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomy and Postgraduate Education, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Curie Skłodowskiej Str.
Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Institute of Food Sciences and Agrotechnics, University of Zielona Góra, Off-Campus Faculty in Sulechów, Pałac Kalsk - Kalsk 67, , Sulechów, Poland.
Department of Morphological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wielkopolski, 13 Estkowskiego Str, , Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
BS, MC and ASS designed the study; BS, MC, EP and TK collected the data; BS, SK and ASS interpreted the results and drafted the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the paper. Correspondence to Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn. The research was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and after the positive opinion from the local Bioethics Committee at Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz consent No.
All subjects were informed about the purpose of the research and the procedures used, and voluntarily agreed to participate in the experiment. The authors declare no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.
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Reprints and permissions. Stankiewicz, B. Pooled effect sizes demonstrated a small significant effect on perceived exertion and blood lactate, but no impact on aerobic capacity VO 2max , VO 2peak was identified.
The findings provide moderate evidence that H 2 supplementation may alleviate fatigue in healthy adults but does not enhance aerobic capacity.
The effects of H 2 on fatigue may be influenced by factors such as training status, intervention period, and exercise types.
These findings suggest that H 2 supplementation may be beneficial for reducing perceived exertion and fatigue during exercise in healthy individuals. However, further investigation is required to determine the dose-response and impact on injury risk over time.
In conclusion, this Research Topic offers insights into the role of diet and nutritional supplements in managing exercise-induced damage and oxidative stress, supporting overall health and athletic performance.
Pterostilbene may have protective effects for the intestinal epithelial barrier during high-intensity exercise. Combined aerobic and resistance training can improve lung function, mechanics, and immune response, benefiting overweight and obese individuals.
Hydrogen gas supplementation may alleviate fatigue in healthy adults, but it does not appear to enhance aerobic capacity. Further investigation is needed to understand the impact and mechanisms of these interventions on exercise performance and injury risk. The contributions in this Research Topic contribute to the growing body of knowledge on exercise-induced oxidative stress and its management, offering valuable insights for athletes, coaches, and researchers in the fields of Exercise Physiology and Sport and Exercise Nutrition.
We deeply thank all the authors and reviewers who have participated in this Research Topic. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.
Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Schieber M, Chandel NS.
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LeBaron TW, Laher I, Kura B, Slezak J. Hydrogen gas: from clinical medicine to an emerging ergogenic molecule for sports athletes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. Keywords: oxidative stress, exercise-induced oxidative damage, fatigue, high-intensity strenous exercise, redox, antioxidants.
Citation: Moir HJ, Maciejczyk M, Maciejczyk M, Aidar FJ and Arazi H Editorial: Exercise-induced oxidative stress and the role of antioxidants in sport and exercise. Sports Act. Living Received: 30 July ; Accepted: 3 August ; Published: 15 August This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY.
The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner s are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.
As strexs breathe in oxygen, Ath,etic body consumes performqnce and uses it Creatine side effects power functions Antioxidant rich seeds the atgletic. It uses antioxidants from our diet to counteract leftover oxidants floating as free radicals in the body. CrossFit, distance running, or other intense activities lead to an increase in oxygen consumption. Specifically, increased oxygen consumption from exercise increases the number of oxidants relative to antioxidants. In addition, an increase in oxidants can be directly related to factors such as a higher intake of air pollutants and cigarette smoke.Oxidative stress and athletic performance -
This adverse condition may lead to cellular and tissue damage of components, and is involved in different physiopathological states, including aging, exercise, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
In particular, the relationship between exercise and oxidative stress is extremely complex, depending on the mode, intensity, and duration of exercise. Regular moderate training appears beneficial for oxidative stress and health.
Conversely, acute exercise leads to increased oxidative stress, although this same stimulus is necessary to allow an up-regulation in endogenous antioxidant defenses hormesis. Supporting endogenous defenses with additional oral antioxidant supplementation may represent a suitable noninvasive tool for preventing or reducing oxidative stress during training.
However, excess of exogenous antioxidants may have detrimental effects on health and performance. Whole foods, rather than capsules, contain antioxidants in natural ratios and proportions, which may act in synergy to optimize the antioxidant effect. Thus, an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals through a varied and balanced diet remains the best approach to maintain an optimal antioxidant status.
Antioxidant supplementation may be warranted in particular conditions, when athletes are exposed to high oxidative stress or fail to meet dietary antioxidant requirements. During the last decade, a huge amount of original studies have been published on EMF exposure and oxidative stress.
On the other hand, in a comprehensive work with Sprague-Dawley rats, after 6 months of RF-EMF exposure at different frequencies below the existing regulatory limits and recommendations, indications for increased DNA damage were found in the brain. At the same time, the capacity of the antioxidative protection system was exhausted as the measured antioxidative markers were significantly lower compared to sham-exposed animals.
These results indicate that oxidative stress induced by RF-EMF can lead to DNA damage in neurons during prolonged exposure of the animals. Virtually identical results were also found in several other studies. Exercise training, by itself, increases the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species in different ways.
During physical activity, the demand for oxygen increases, particularly in skeletal muscle, causing a drastic change in blood flow to the various organs. In addition, exercise-induced micro muscle trauma promotes infiltration of phagocytes at the injury site.
These physiological changes that occur during acute exercise increase the production of free radicals, inducing oxidative damage to biomolecules. A correct physical activity program or rational muscle training generates a moderate and short-term increase in free radicals, which play an important part in physical adaptation.
Training-related muscle injuries typically occur in two different phases. The first phase consists of muscle injuries that happen while training.
This phase depends on several factors related to the structure of the fibers. The second phase is linked to delayed inflammatory processes. Muscle fibers that have been damaged cause infiltration of white blood cells that break down the damaged tissue by generating ROS.
This process attracts even more white blood cells to the affected tissue. During this process, muscle fibers should ideally regenerate, and if the ROS concentration is within the normal physiological range, it should have a positive effect on the healing process.
However, if the ROS concentration is too high, it may lead to chronic inflammation, incomplete healing, and, in extreme cases, the formation of fibrous scar tissue, or necrosis. Contact sports such as soccer, football, hockey, and boxing are particularly risky, especially in the case of physical traumas such ad head to head collisions or spinal cord injuries.
A study of 7, male professional soccer players, who played in the Italian first and second division during the period from to , showed a significantly increased risk of developing Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cholesterol is an essential compound and a building block of all cell membranes.
It is required for making various hormones, vitamins, and coenzymes. Cholesterol is only harmful if free radicals oxidize it.
In that case, it is consumed by white blood cells and embedded in the blood vessel walls in the form of so-called foam cells. It is the combination of this process and oxidative stress that sets the stage for atherosclerosis, regardless if your cholesterol levels are high or low.
Oxidative stress and the subsequent oxidation of LDL is considered a major contributor to the impairment of endothelial function and the development of atherosclerotic lesions. What we can actually do is to work on the best ways to control or completely eliminate the external sources that can induce oxidative stress and cause a dangerous excess in practicing athletes.
Nowadays, gyms, stadiums, and other sports establishments are highly technified for different reasons.
Plant-based nutrition for endurance athletes Exercise Creatine side effects health performanc are oerformance by the overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species ROS. ROS and further oxidative stress and athletic performance stress could potentially Creatine side effects muscle damage which stresd result in poor exercise performance. However, predicting ROS oxidafive oxidative stress in response to endurance training has several limitations in terms of selecting biomarkers that are used to measure oxidative stress. Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the suitable biomarkers that predict oxidative stress status among runners. Results: Outcomes included 1 running programs like a half-marathon, ultramarathon, and iron-man race, 2 measuring biochemical assessment of oxidative damage markers such as malondialdehyde MDAprotein carbonyl PCtotal antioxidant capacity TACthiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-OH-dG4-hydroxynonenal HNEand F1-isoprostones, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants level. Oxdiative Antioxidant rich seeds, how performanec it be? Antioxidant rich seeds Stress has been one of the oxidatibe proven effects of constant exposure to EMF, performane it can Refreshment Gift Baskets affect the physical oxidative stress and athletic performance oxieative an individual. Humans have participated in sports for ages. Maybe not in the same way as sports are viewed nowadays, but we evolved and survived practicing physical motions that are still used today on a professional level. Today, every athlete at every level or discipline is always looking to keep and even improve their sports performance in order to be better and more competitive.
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