Insulin sensitivity factors -
As a result, your pancreas makes more insulin to help glucose enter your cells. Prediabetes means your blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Without enough insulin, extra glucose stays in your bloodstream rather than entering your cells.
Over time, you could develop type 2 diabetes. More than 84 million people ages 18 and older have prediabetes in the United States.
People who have genetic or lifestyle risk factors are more likely to develop insulin resistance or prediabetes. Risk factors include. People who have metabolic syndrome—a combination of high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, and large waist size—are more likely to have prediabetes.
These lifestyle changes can lower your chances of developing insulin resistance or prediabetes. Experts believe obesity , especially too much fat in the abdomen and around the organs, called visceral fat, is a main cause of insulin resistance.
A waist measurement of 40 inches or more for men and 35 inches or more for women is linked to insulin resistance.
This is true even if your body mass index BMI falls within the normal range. However, research has shown that Asian Americans may have an increased risk for insulin resistance even without a high BMI. Researchers used to think that fat tissue was only for energy storage.
However, studies have shown that belly fat makes hormones and other substances that can contribute to chronic, or long-lasting, inflammation in the body. Inflammation may play a role in insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Excess weight may lead to insulin resistance, which in turn may play a part in the development of fatty liver disease.
Not getting enough physical activity is linked to insulin resistance and prediabetes. Regular physical activity causes changes in your body that make it better able to keep your blood glucose levels in balance.
Insulin resistance and prediabetes usually have no symptoms. Some people with prediabetes may have darkened skin in the armpit or on the back and sides of the neck, a condition called acanthosis nigricans.
Many small skin growths called skin tags often appear in these same areas. Even though blood glucose levels are not high enough to cause symptoms for most people, a few research studies have shown that some people with prediabetes may already have early changes in their eyes that can lead to retinopathy.
This problem more often occurs in people with diabetes. The most accurate test for insulin resistance is complicated and used mostly for research.
Doctors most often use the fasting plasma glucose FPG test or the A1C test to diagnose prediabetes. Less often, doctors use the oral glucose tolerance test OGTT , which is more expensive and not as easy to give. The A1C test reflects your average blood glucose over the past 3 months. The FPG and OGTT show your blood glucose level at the time of the test.
The A1C test is not as sensitive as the other tests. In some people, it may miss prediabetes that the OGTT could catch.
The OGTT can identify how your body handles glucose after a meal—often before your fasting blood glucose level becomes abnormal. Often doctors use the OGTT to check for gestational diabetes, a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy.
People with prediabetes have up to a 50 percent chance of developing diabetes over the next 5 to 10 years. You can take steps to manage your prediabetes and prevent type 2 diabetes. You should be tested for prediabetes if you are overweight or have obesity and have one or more other risk factors for diabetes, or if your parents, siblings, or children have type 2 diabetes.
If the results are normal but you have other risk factors for diabetes, you should be retested at least every 3 years. Physical activity and losing weight if you need to may help your body respond better to insulin. Taking small steps, such as eating healthier foods and moving more to lose weight, can help reverse insulin resistance and prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with prediabetes.
Getting the right amount of insulin can seem a bit tricky at first. It requires doing some math to get the dose just right, along with considering various factors such as your diet, your level of physical activity, and more. This is most useful for people with type 1 diabetes.
One way tells you your sensitivity to regular insulin such as Humulin or Novolin. The other tells you your sensitivity to rapid-acting insulins such as insulin aspart NovoLog and insulin lispro Humalog. Learn more about humalog vs. For example, if you take 30 units of rapid-acting insulin daily, divide by This equals This can cause hypoglycemia.
Hypoglycemia can lead to a loss of consciousness and seizures. The resulting high blood sugar is called hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can lead to serious complications over time that can affect your:.
Some people with diabetes are more sensitive to insulin than others. People with type 1 diabetes are generally more sensitive to insulin than those with type 2 diabetes. Illness can also affect your insulin sensitivity. You can determine your insulin sensitivity factor by finding your insulin sensitivity factor.
Your blood sugar can be affected by a lot of things throughout the day, so speaking with your doctor to make sure your insulin dosage takes this into account is important. Once you know how sensitive you are to insulin, you can figure out how much insulin you need to give yourself to lower your blood sugar by a certain amount.
From the insulin sensitivity factor calculation, you know that your rapid-acting insulin sensitivity factor is The answer of 1.
These are rough calculations that are used by people with type 1 diabetes. To be certain, consult your doctor on the amount of insulin you need.
If you have type 1 diabetes, you can accomplish this by using long-acting insulin once or twice per day and rapid-acting insulin before each meal. This method will involve counting your carbohydrates at meals and dosing your premeal insulin based on your individual correction factor.
You may also want to talk with your doctor about continuous blood glucose monitoring to help get better control and avoid hypoglycemia. You should check your blood sugar after taking extra insulin to ensure that your blood sugar drops appropriately.
The effectiveness of regular insulin peaks after approximately 3 hours. If you like using your smartphone, you can use an app to help you calculate your insulin sensitivity factor and dosage.
Search for insulin sensitivity or insulin correction calculators on your iPhone or Android device. Find one that seems easy to use and play around with it until you feel comfortable. You may also be able to find online resources, such as the American Association of Diabetes Educators AADE website.
Understanding your insulin sensitivity is important for maintaining your blood sugar. You can determine this using a mathematical formula. Apps can also help. The reality is that there will be times when your blood sugar will be too high. This method may help you safely bring down your blood sugar to a more reasonable level.
However, speaking with your doctor before using this method is also important. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.
VIEW ALL HISTORY. Long-acting insulin is a form of diabetes treatment. This insulin type controls blood sugar consistently for an entire day or longer.
Find out how it…. Read on to learn how your insulin needs may…. If your doctor recommends you start taking insulin to manage type 2 diabetes, you may have some questions.
Read on for guidance.
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