Anti-bacterial catechins -
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Antifolate activity of epigallocatechin gallate against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Okamoto, M. Inhibitory effects of green tea catechins on protein tyrosine phosphatase in Prevotella intermedia.
Oral Microbiol. Inhibitory effect of green tea catechins on cysteine proteinases in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Osterburg, A. Highly antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates are killed by the green tea polyphenol - -epigallocatechingallate EGCG.
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Sirk, T. Molecular binding of catechins to biomembranes: relationship to biological activity. Molecular dynamics study on the biophysical interactions of seven green tea catechins with lipid bilayers of cell membranes.
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Zhang, Y. Evaluation of epigallocatechin gallate and related plant polyphenols as inhibitors of the FabG and FabI reductases of bacterial type II fatty-acid synthesis. Zhao, W. Inhibition by epigallocatechin gallate EGCg of conjugative R plasmid transfer in Escherichia coli. Mechanism of synergy between epigallocatechin gallate and beta-lactams against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
The interaction between fish collagen peptide FCP and EGCG was analysed using spectroscopic techniques, such as fluorescence spectres copy circular dichroism and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR. More exposure of proline was found when FCP-EGCG complexes formed.
FCP acts as an enhancer of EGCG and increases the absorption of EGCG into the skin and the body Yang et al. Chitosan microparticles containing green tea extracts show permeation of catechins into subcutaneous tissues, and metabolism studies show that chitosan microparticles improve subcutaneous delivery of catechins while limiting their degradation by skin enzymes Wisuitiprot et al.
The effects of natural extracts, including catechins, on cell activity have been studied extensively. Extracts of black, green, and white tea have anti-melanogenic activities in immortalised melanocytes.
Fermented tea leaves have the lowest cytotoxicity and the highest anti-melanogenic activities Kim et al. EGCG reduced the secretion and production of melanin in human melanoma cells in a mechanistic study promoting skin hydration that measured anti-oxidant and pigmentation properties.
EGCG increases hyaluronic acid synthase gene expression and cell proliferation Kim et al. High value-added sludge utilisation in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food has made considerable progress. Tannin, an extract of solid waste produced in chestnut industrial processes, is an effective natural anti-oxidant for the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries Aires et al.
Used coffee grounds are a great source of bioactive compounds of interest to the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, and methylanthines and phenols are health-related compounds present in used coffee grounds.
FTIR has been used to evaluate useful active ingredients in used coffee grounds Magalhães et al. Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activities of the two by-products of Vitis vinifera L.
cv noir showed that they have high potential as anti-oxidants Reis et al. Procyanidins, composed of catechin oligomers, function in anti-oxidant activity, metal chelation, radical trapping, and direct enzyme binding.
Based on these results, procyanidin oligomers strongly bind with permanent keratin hairs and inhibit hair destruction caused by oxidative damage Kim Laccase catalyses the polymerisation of phenolic compounds, suggesting that laccase-catalysed polymerisation of natural phenols may be applied to the development of new cosmetic pigments Jeon et al.
In peel and seed tests, peel extracts show higher total polyphenol content and anti-oxidant activity Kosińska et al. Artocarpus heterophyllus A. Sapucaia nuts and their by-products are rich in phenolic compounds that are high in anti-oxidant activity.
The content of phenol is especially high in the shell Demoliner et al. In another study, the anti-oxidant activities of the bark fibres of four coconut cultivars were examined, and the phenolic components and anti-oxidant activities of the coconut shells were confirmed Oliveira et al.
Many studies are underway to stabilise catechins, which are highly unstable in sunlight. Addition of α-lipoic acid to catechins can produce an effective anti-oxidant by stabilising EGCG Scalia et al. Components should be closely monitored when evaluating the compatibility of catechins and excipients commonly used for micro- and nanoemulsions in complementary and thermal assays.
Especially for preparations containing liposomes, heat-based production processes should be avoided Ferreira-Nunes et al. Flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids in green tea toothpastes were analysed for stability at various pH levels and were more stable at low pH Jang et al.
The photo stability of EGCG was examined under the same conditions using a water-soluble UVB filter, benzophenone-4 BP The results showed that photo stability was concentration dependent; the maximum level of EGCG photo stabilisation catechin loss, A study of catechin-based collagen stabilisation showed that hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding interaction affected collagen stabilisation by plant polyphenols Madhan et al.
decapetala extracts have anti-oxidant properties due to the phenolic compounds in the leaves. At a concentration of 0. decapetala extracts reduced the oxidative degradation of the oil-in-water emulsion Gallego et al.
The results of in vivo applications of catechins are not the same as in vitro results. Tissue bio culture models play a valuable role by replacing animal experiments in studies of catechins. To prove the principle that proteins and key gene markers may be altered in an optimised whole-tissue biopsy culture model, topical formulations containing green tea catechins were examined in a skin biopsy culture model Sidgwick et al.
EpiDerm has anti-oxidant properties like those of living organisms and can eliminate oxidative stress factors caused by EGCG under in vitro experimental conditions Yuki et al. In an experiment using HaCaT and RBL-2H3 cells, the safety and anti-inflammatory effect of nanoencapsulated lipid-soluble green tea leaf extracts using the supercritical CO 2 extraction method were objectively proven Shin et al.
Although natural extracts are effective as anti-oxidants and anti-microbials, the safety of catechins should be ensured in actual human applications. Studies on the safety of catechins have been conducted in animal experiments and human clinical tests.
Local procyanidin B-2 was safe and acceptable in a series of toxicity tests. Mutagenicity tests using guinea pigs, bacteria, and rabbits show that procyanidin B-2 is not a mutagen Takahashi et al.
In addition to their direct anti-oxidant activities, catechins are being studied to increase their utility in various fields. To increase the rate of the hair dying process using plant products, phenol-derived polymeric dyes from Trametes versicolor use a laccase reaction with catechins and catechol to achieve a permanent keratin hair dye of various colours and shades Im and Jeon Food packaging materials or active membranes containing anti-oxidants, such as catechin-derived EGCG and EC, are a new way to reduce the oxidation of foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals using biopolymer materials.
The anti-oxidative activity of the film was measured by the removal of methanol extracts containing catechins and EC, and their amounts were Tannic acid, EGCG, and ECG were bound to collagen by extensive hydrogen bonding augmented by hydrophobic interactions.
They prevented the free access of collagenase to the active areas in collagen chains Jackson et al. Many attempts have been made to improve the effectiveness and utilisation of catechins and to efficiently apply their anti-oxidant properties to the human body.
Anti-oxidative and UV-barrier properties of the molecules can be used for cosmetic and dermatological formulations after a selective high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC method is developed and verified for evaluating the optimal efficacy of catechins in the development of topical formulations Ferreira-Nunes et al.
Chemical modification of anthocyanin and procyanidins to more lipophilic compounds by mass spectroscopy has the advantage of increasing bioavailability in biological matrices because anti-oxidation activity increases based on the acylation of procyanidin B4 by saturated fatty acids Cruz et al.
Polyphenols and collagen peptides can be applied to the design of clear products, via the formation of lactoferrin LF —EGCG aggregates, which are destroyed chiefly through competition mechanisms with EGCG molecules Yang et al.
The mechanism and structural properties of trivalent aggregates of LF and pectin in a multispectral analysis show that the fluorescence intensity of LF decreases while that of EGCG increases Yang et al. FTIR spectral analysis confirmed that the hydrogen bonds between the aliphatic, catechin, and aromatic hydroxyl groups on gelatin were responsible for the self-assembly of nanoparticles.
In free-radical experiments, catechins could be protected by nanoparticles and last for an extended period Chen et al. An efficient, precise, and reliable method was developed to quantify polyphenol catechins and EC in aguaraná extract solution using an HPLC-PDA method Klein et al.
Three different solvents and two extraction methods were used to compare the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of tara pod extracts. Asynergistic study between process parameters found that augmentation of the ultrasonic treatment process significantly speeds the recovery of phenolic anti-oxidants and reduces the processing time Arruda et al.
Procyanidin extracts of grape seeds prevent damage to most tissues and molecules from nanoparticle treatment Niu et al. Table 1 summarises the activities of catechins and their applications.
Catechins are used as materials to promote health, to prevent and treat diseases, and for cosmetic purposes. Studies of their high anti-oxidant activities found in plants and their by-products are continually being conducted. Extensive studies have been conducted on the UV protective activities of catechins to enhance their photo stability, efficacy, and stability for their use in various fields, including slowing the skin-aging process.
EGCG nanoparticles inhibit UVA damage, grape seeds have photo stability against UVA rays, and catechins inhibit UVA- and UVB-induced inflammatory pathways. Anti-microbial activities of catechins were shown to inhibit the adhesion of P.
gingivalis to host epithelial cells, as flavanols and proanthocyanidins of L. brasiliense interact with gingipains. Green tea extracts significantly reduce the levels of S. mutans in saliva as well as dental plaques. GCG is the most potent anti-allergenic component among all tea catechins.
Extracts of A. bagasse coagulants reduce inflammation and platelet aggregation. Extracts of V. paradoxa stem barks have anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties. Green tea catechins have anti-influenza properties and have been shown to inhibit herpes simplex enzyme cell penetration and adhesion.
Polyphenol-rich W-LI extracts from L. inermis Henna can inhibit oxidative radicals and cancer cell proliferation. Nanoparticles delivered through microneedles into human skin and oil-water emulsions with different oil contents enhance skin penetration and retention using Franz-type diffusion cells.
The lipophilic membrane model increases rutin and quercetin contents, including flavonoids, and enhances skin penetration and retention due to the interaction of fish collagen and EGCG. FCP acts as an enhancer of catechins and increases absorption of catechins into the skin and the body, and chitosan microparticles improve the transdermal delivery of catechins.
Catechin promotes cellular activities, and tea extracts inhibit melanin production. Fermented tea has the highest anti-melanogenic activity and the lowest cytotoxicity.
Many studies have been conducted to obtain anti-oxidants from sludge, including chestnut shells, coffee grounds, A. heterophyllus shells, and coconut shells, with results that show good anti-oxidant activity.
The use of sludge has been studied widely due to its high utility value, environmental protection, and interest in up-cycling products. Catechins are highly unstable in sunlight, and research is underway to stabilise catechins. Addition of α-lipoic acid to catechins is effective for its stabilisation.
BP-4, a soluble UVB filter, can stabilise EGCG to produce effective anti-oxidants. Catechin preparations made with lipid ingredients are less stable in heat, so it is necessary to avoid heating them as much as possible.
The lower the pH level, the more stable the anti-oxidant activities of green tea compounds. This suggests that more research is required on the effect of pH on the various activities of catechins.
Catechins have been used in the tissue biopsy culture model to achieve optimised effects like those in an in vivo application. The anti-oxidant properties of EpiDerm are like those of living organisms, and the stability and anti-inflammatory effects of catechins in HaCaT cells and RBL-2H3 cells were objectively proven.
In safety tests for human applications, propionidinB-2 epicatechin was nontoxic and nonmutagenic. The anti-oxidant properties of catechins make them suitable for use in hair dyes and containers for medicines and cosmetics to reduce oxidation of the contents.
All these studies and achievements suggest that the anti-oxidant activities of catechins will contribute significantly to the development of cosmetics and to human health. Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
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Green tea catechins showed antibacterial activity on streptococcus mutans -An in vitro study. Authors: Sanjeevini Hattarki , Chetana Bogar and Kishore Bhat. Date: April-June From: Indian Journal of Dental Research Vol.
Publisher: Indian Society of Dental Research. Document Type: Report. Length: 2, words. Lexile Measure: L. Article Preview :.
Byline: Sanjeevini. Hattarki, Chetana. Bogar, Kishore.
Background: The main bacterial aetiological catecyins Anti-bacterial catechins catechinx formation Endurance sports gear the a-haemolytic Streptococcal species Streptococcus mutans, which has been found to be Teff grain benefits initiator of most dental Anti-bacterial catechins. The leaves of Antib-acterial sinensis catecins as Cardiovascular workouts for improved stamina tea, has properties, Anti-hacterial as antibacterial and anti-cariogenic. Epigallocatechingallate EGCG one of the most abundant catechins found in green tea is known to contribute to these effects. Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of green tea catechins namely EGCG on S. mutans with two different methods at different concentrations. Methodology: Commercially available purest form of green tea polyphenol EGCG was used in the study. Disc diffusion test on agar medium and MIC test was used to determine the susceptibility of the S. Claus Jacob Ctaechins of Biorganic Chemistry School catechns Pharmacy Saarland Progressive weight loss Saarbruecken Anti-bacteriql. Endurance sports gear Print Endurance sports gear ISSN Online : catechis Article ID: e Pages: 10 DOI: Background: Green tea is a commonly used dietary supplement and food product. Green tea contains many polyphenolic compounds known as Green Tea Catechins GTCs. There are numerous reports exploring the potential benefit of using green tea catechins as chemotherapeutic agents to treat neoplastic disorders and infectious processes.
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