J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. What exactly is hyperpigmentation? How to get rid of hyperpigmentation.

Treating pigmentation issues -

These exfoliating treatments remove dead skin and stimulate new growth, resulting in smoother skin and a more even tone. Chemical peels involve the use of alpha and beta hydroxy acids applied to the skin in order to destroy dead skin cells and promote healthy growth.

Dermasweep can be combined with other pigment treatments, such as Chemical peels, BBL and lasers, allowing for deeper penetration of the acid or light into the skin.

Microneedling is a less intense alternative to laser skin resurfacing. Instead of using laser light energy, microneedling with the MicroPen or Collagen Pen uses multiple fine needles to create microscopic injuries in a fractional pattern, thus stimulating skin regrowth and new collagen production.

Microneedling is a popular and effective way to even skin tone without a long recovery period! Rediscover a younger, more vibrant you.

Trust award-winning dermatologists Dr. Melda Isaac and Dr. Daniel Yanes to restore your vibrance with individualized anti-aging procedures. Each treatment is meticulously planned and performed to take years off your face without leaving any obvious signs of a cosmetic treatment. Look as youthful as you feel, starting today.

If you have uneven skin pigmentation, birthmarks, age spots, sun damage, or other pigment problems, schedule a consultation with leading dermatologists Dr. Isaac and Dr. Yanes at the MI Skin Dermatology Center in Washington DC today! To find out more information about pigment treatment options and to make your appointment , call Daniel Yanes are consistently recognized among the top dermatologists in Washington, DC.

Our board-certified dermatologists provide both medical and cosmetic dermatology services with professionalism and compassion. Their specialized expertise in injectables and an eye for creating natural-looking results have made them a sought-after source for excellent dermatological care.

About Meet Dr. Isaac Meet Dr. Also, some chemotherapy drugs can cause hyperpigmentation as a side effect. The hyperpigmentation is a direct result of an increased level of a hormone in your body that results in increased melanin synthesis. A dermatologist can diagnose the cause of your hyperpigmentation.

They will request your medical history and give you a physical exam to determine the cause. In some cases, a skin biopsy can narrow down the cause. Topical prescription medication can treat some cases of hyperpigmentation. This medication usually contains hydroquinone , which lightens the skin. However, prolonged use of topical hydroquinone without any breaks in use can cause darkening of the skin, known as ochronosis.

Home care also includes using sunscreen. Sunscreen is the single most important factor in improving most causes of hyperpigmentation.

Look for:. Use a sunscreen daily. There are also skin disorders with which visible light may play a role in perpetuating the hyperpigmentation, such as in melasma. In that case, look for a mineral sunscreen that also has iron oxide in it, which can block some visible light.

Use daily. Shop for SPF-infused clothing online. Your doctor may also suggest laser treatment or chemical peels to reduce hyperpigmentation, depending on the cause of your hyperpigmentation.

In some cases, dark areas will fade on their own with good sun protection. In other cases, more aggressive treatment is needed. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

From lightening creams and OTC peels to laser therapy, there are many different treatments for hyperpigmentation. Here's how to pick the best one for…. Hyperpigmentation of the skin is an aesthetic rather than a medical concern for people most of the time.

Well share 10 at-home treatments you can try…. Looking for the best sunscreen for your skin type? Check out these tips and product selections to get you started on the search for your sunscreen….

If you don't like the appearance of your age spots, there are many things you can do to get rid of age spots. Clearing acne really depends on the cause. Vitamin C works, as Dr Jack explains above, to limit the production of melanin.

Retinoids vitamin A too work in a number of ways to reduce the production of melanin, Dr Jack confirms. Retinoids come in various strengths, so newcomers should try something gentle.

The favourite of Dr Rattan is mandelic acid. Kojic acid, ferulic acid, azelaic acid, niacinamide vitamin B3 and N-acetylglucosamine NAG perform in a similar way to vitamin C. Botanical and plant extracts — from liquorice to green tea and mulberry extract — are shown to be effective in the reduction of pigmentation.

Whatever you choose, note that topical skincare often requires at least three months of consistent use to yield results. Heed the advice of Dr Rattan regarding AHAs above, especially if you have a dark complexion.

Alongside peels, you could also invest in a LED mask. When home measures haven't been successful, Dr Jack says it is now time to see a professional. Whoever you decide to see should take a full medical history and assess your skin using a variety of methods before making a detailed bespoke plan for your treatments.

Often a first step will be prescribing skincare products to use at home. Tretinoin is a prescription-strength retinoid that works with your skin to speed up cell turnover. However, it is believed to have potential side effects that have limited its use to being prescription only.

If you're unable to visit a clinic, skincare platform GetHarley lets you consult with a skin expert online and access prescription products. If, after a few months, prescription skincare isn't performing on your hyperpigmentation, or your particular case warrants more intense options, then you might benefit from some in-clinic treatments.

Peels are the most easily accessible treatment for all skin types. Commonest are AHA peels at higher strengths to those performed at home. They can be combined with other treatments and skincare.

IPL , meanwhile, works on the premise that high energy light will interact with a corresponding colour target, causing it to heat up and break apart, explains Dr Jack. Holmes agrees that it is the best of its kind on the market.

Sunspots, acne piigmentation, and Lentils for heart health brown patches Treatint all signs of hyperpigmentation pigmentatiion the skin. Try these Treating pigmentation issues for a Metabolic syndrome glucose intolerance even skin tone. What exactly is hyperpigmentation? Hyperpigmentation can be seen in liver spots or age spots and sunspots, as the Cleveland Clinic notes. According to the Cleveland Clinic, these are the most common causes of hyperpigmentation — and they can affect people of all skin tones to varying degrees.

Treating pigmentation issues -

Updated April 5, with additional hyperpigmentation treatment options. Quick Summary: Hyperpigmentation skin color irregularities is caused through sun spots, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, or melasma. Fortunately there are many great treatment options for hyperpigmentation including topical skin care products, chemical peels, laser or light therapy and Cosmelan Skin Lightening System.

Continue reading to learn how to get rid of hyperpigmentation for good! Skin coloration irregularities are relatively common. Pigmentation disorders like hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation can make the skin appear lighter or darker, or blotchy in places and can occur affect people of all races.

Hyperpigmentation is a skin condition in which some areas of the skin produce more melatonin than others, causing dark spots. Skin pigmentation is determined by melanin, a substance produced by melanocyte cells in the skin.

Melanin absorbs UV light, thus protecting the body from its harmful effects. However, it is quite common for melanin to be excessively produced by the body leading to Skin pigmentation irregularities. These fall into one of three categories:. Actinic lentigines AKA age spots or sun spots are brown spots that develop as a result of the cumulative effects of sun damage inflicted on our skin, throughout the years.

The spots are pale brown or gray in color and have a clearly defined edge. They typically develop on the areas of the skin most frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face and back of the hands.

The number of sunspots become more visible as we age. Actinic lentigines are particularly common in places like Austin, where the weather is hot and sunny and the residents like to spend lots of time outdoors.

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is the result of inflammation in the skin caused by acne, burn, rash or traumatic injury. It appears as irregular shaped patches of brown skin.

They are caused when an injury, illness, or infection triggers an inflammatory response within the skin. This causes the melanocyte cells to increase their rate of melanin production, and the melanin leaks out and upwards towards the surface of the skin.

Melasma shows up as larger patches on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip and jaw line. It is caused when the female hormones estrogen and progesterone stimulate the melanocyte cells to produce excessive amounts of melanin when exposed to sunlight. Due to this involvement of the female hormones, melasma is much more common in women, particularly pregnant women, and those taking birth control pills.

The occurrence of melasma will increase the more the skin is exposed to sunlight. It is typically the most difficult to treat because the pigment can be deep in the skin and the discoloration tends to recur easily with the slightest sun exposure.

Hyperpigmentation can result from sun exposure, inflammation, scarring, hormonal changes, or age. This relatively harmless condition can be treated multiple ways, each with their own pros and cons. There are a range of cosmeceuticals and other hyperpigmentation treatment options available to combat any of the above pigmentation issues.

The following is a basic road map for effectively treating hyperpigmentation:. The first course of action for any form of hyperpigmentation is to use sun protection to prevent it worsening. UV rays, from sunlight, are the primary cause of hyperpigmentation.

You can protect your skin with a high sun protection factor SPF sunscreen , SPF clothing, wide brimmed SPF hats and sunglasses.

Our offices carry a variety of excellent broad spectrum sunscreens such as EltaMD, Skin Medica, IS Clinical and Revision Intellishade. Lightening creams are available over the counter, or in stronger prescription-only formulas.

These topical treatments are typically applied to the skin twice per day and lighten hyperpigmented spots over time.

Hydroquinone is the most popular active ingredient in lightening creams. Others include retinoic acid and other Vitamin A derivatives, kojic acid, arbutin or steroids. Although banned in the United States, some lightening creams still use mercury as the active ingredient, so be sure to read the label carefully.

Mercurio, mercuric and calomel are alternative names for mercury. Skin acids chemically exfoliate the top layer of skin to shed discolored skin cells and encourage new skin cell growth.

They are available over the counter, or by prescription only for more concentrated strengths. The most common of these acids are in the hydroxy acid family.

The most used beta hydroxy acid is salicylic acid. Common alpha hydroxy acids include citric acid, lactic acid and glycolic acid. Vitamin-C , in the form of l-ascorbic acid, is an increasingly popular facial acid. Retinoids are a derivative of Vitamin-A and available over the counter, or in their most common prescription formula, as Retin-A.

OTC varieties are gentler on the skin than Retin-A, although they will take longer to work. Retinoids penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin to increase skin cell turnover. They also specifically block the formation of melanin.

Cosmelan works by peeling surface pigment away to lighten any hyperpigmentation. It also blocks the enzyme involved in the melanin formation process to prevent any further pigmentation in the skin.

This non-invasive skin lightening treatment rejuvenates the skin and brightens the complexion. If the hyperpigmenation is resistant to the Cosmelan Mask, we offer a variety of powerful in office treatments including:.

Microdermabrasion is a method of manual exfoliation that removes the top layer of skin. A hand-held tool sprays the skin with tiny crystals that sand off the top layer of skin cells which are then vacuumed up into the device.

Chemical peels are facial acids applied at stronger concentrations by a dermatologist or trained esthetician. They reduce hyperpigmentation by removing the top layer of skin, encouraging skin cell turnover. More stringent concentrated peels are able to penetrate deeper layers of the skin, but require more downtime to allow exposed skin to heal.

Laser resurfacing treatments use the light from a laser to target hyperpigmented areas of the skin. Ablative lasers remove the top layer of the skin, while non-ablative lasers target the deeper layers of the skin to promote collagen growth and skin cell turnover while leaving the outer layer of the skin untouched.

Intense Pulse Light Therapy , or IPL, is a type of non-ablative resurfacing. This technique is sometimes known as a photo facial. IPL targets the skin with light at varying wavelengths, which is gentler than the intensely-focused single-wavelength laser.

The technique improves hyperpigmentation and will also boost collagen production for tighter skin and fewer wrinkles. IPL is also used for permanent hair removal. None of these treatments can completely prevent pigmentation problems from returning.

Simple, at-home methods include lightening creams, facial acids and retinoids. Each of which is available in prescription strength for faster results. More dramatic results are available with chemical peels or laser skin resurfacing, but these treatments may require a recovery period for skin to cycle through regrowth, peeling, and healing.

Lower-strength chemical peels and microdermabrasion work well on those with medium to dark skin tones. An experienced dermatologist can help you decide which method is best for your unique skin type and skin condition.

Lela Lankerani D. received her undergraduate degree in Biology at Washington University where she graduated cum laude. Lankerani has published articles in several scientific journals and has presented at national scholarly meetings including the American Academy of Dermatology and American Osteopathic Academy of Dermatology.

I was wondering if the location of the hyperpigmentation makes a difference in terms of treating it? Is there a difference if its on your face vs.

an arm? Please feel free to contact us for an individual analysis. I can attest that treatment can vary by location. Seems to be working 🙂. Fantastic write up. You have included some great tips! We also just did an article on 3 strange caused of hyperpigmentation. Can these techniques be used on Black skin?

Years ago I had a dermabrasion what a mistake! Now I have a hyperpigmentation line on my neck. What can I do? The good news, however, is that there have been some breakthroughs particularly in lasers that provide better results and are safer on darker skin. This is one area where the cosmetics industry has made great strides.

Hi Nii, thanks for the great question and for reading our blog! There are some treatment options for treating that area on individuals with darker skin. Depending on the exact indication there are a couple of great lasers which are often utilized at a lower frequency to prevent further discoloring the skin.

Is there anything to correct this? Hi Sheryl, Thanks for reading out blog and submitting this great question. Sometimes the color fades early because of the color composition of the ink.

Sometimes small areas of hypo pigmentation can be surgically excised. If you have further questions please feel free to give us a call to setup an appointment.

Seeing you in person would help us determine the best course of treatment. DO NOT USE LASER for hyperpigmentation!! Its too strong and will make it worse!!

These treatments are very expensive. Since we have sensitive skin anyway, what works is using products with glycolic acid as that is gentler and will take away the hyperpigmentation over time without BURNING it off which wil leave scars.

I use two creams for my hyperpigmentation and I have seen results in one month of daily use. Aloe is a safe, gentle and effective method of treating hyperpigmentation, while the Lady Soma Renewal Serum has gentle gycolic and hyaluronic acid that takes the pigment away without the laser burning.

Hi Robbi, thanks for reading our blog and for your contribution! We completely understand your reservations regarding laser treatments, however we would counter that there are some excellent laser options that use lower power wavelengths to address hyperpigmentation without causing any issues.

Especially in the hands of an experienced provider, laser treatments are a safe and effective treatment option. I did BBL facial, about 5 treatments, instead of making my skin better, i ended up with Hyperpigmentation. I am brown skin. Whenever i complained during procedure, the lady responded, that it is pulling all the pigmentation out, but now i am left with bad skin.

I didnt have all the dark marks on my skin patches I do not recommend any laser treatment for brown skin people. I am going to order these two products. Now this lady is talking me to get a peel, i tried one before didnt help.

Hydroquinonone, didnt help either made it worst. Hi, I have hyperpigmentation on my breast. My dermatologist recommend me retain A , I think I receive rashes and darken my chest areas using Retain A.

Should I get laser treatment? Hi Fatima, Thanks for reading our post and submitting your question. We would encourage you to visit your dermatologist and discuss your reaction to the Retin A before trying any new treatments.

That being said, there are many great laser treatments that can treat hyperpigmentation. Please let us know if you would want to schedule a consultation, we can discuss several new potential treatment options. Hey there!

Just wanted to mention keep up the fantastic work! My esthetician gave me Tattoo removal treatment and it actually helped with my hyperpigmtation as well. i had tried almost everything before this but this is best. Do you happen to know what sort of laser tattoo removal your doctor did and also what Fitzpatrick skin type you have?

Thank you! I have bad acne, and the other day I got a pimple and I poped and picked at it. I know I am not suppose to Anyway now the spot where the pimple was has a scab color but it is not a scab it is my skin.

Can you please help me? Yes, you are right. Hyper-pigmentation can be avoided and treated using best quality pigmentation skin care products which we can buy online or offline from any retailer. I have been using the skin care an beauty products of famous brands.

One can buy online pigmentation cream of various reliable brands like Aspect, Cosmedix, PCA Skin etc. Hello, thanks for reading our post and submitting your question. Laser treatments are great for addressing pigmentation issues.

Treatments can be tailored to treat the specific type and degree of hyperpigmentation on a patient to patient basis. Please give us a call if you would like to learn more! Hi I have PIH spot on my face for over 2 years.. i used many creams and stuff but it just came back after getting better..

but my question is it looks even darker now than before?? wats wrong is it getting worse after the laser or wat? Post-treatment darkening after laser therapy can be common, especially for individuals with darker skin tones.

Vitiligo, pityriasis alba, tinea versicolor, and postinflammatory effect are common causes of pigment loss. This article discusses clinical features of each condition, updated and novel treatments, and current evidence supporting their use.

Table 1 summarizes current treatments. The Fitzpatrick scale, which ranges from skin types I to VI, is used to define and estimate skin response to ultraviolet exposure Table 2 1.

Certain skin pigmentation disorders are more common in particular skin phenotypes e. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common consequence of trauma or inflammation primarily in darker skin types III to VI. Lesions can persist for months or years, and can be psychologically devastating to some patients.

Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation presents as irregular, darkly pigmented skin at sites of previous injury or inflammation, as a consequence of laser or light therapy, or following cryotherapy. Inflammation stimulates prostaglandin, leukotriene, and thromboxane production, resulting in epidermal melanocyte hypertrophy and increased melanin synthesis Figures 1 and 2.

Combination therapy usually produces the best results. Treatment of the underlying condition e. Azelaic acid Finacea , dexamethasone, salicylic acid, glycolic acid peels, retinoids, and laser treatments are sometimes helpful as monotherapy.

Initial treatment with hydroquinone followed by serial chemical peels may be useful in chronic hyperpigmentation. Topical retinoids e. Treatment options may be affected by cost and insurance coverage.

In one limited trial involving patients at lowest risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, pretreatment with topical tretinoin showed no conclusive benefit. Melasma is a progressive, macular, nonscaling hypermelanosis of sun-exposed skin, primarily on the face and dorsal forearms Figure 3.

It is usually associated with pregnancy or use of oral contraceptives or anticonvulsants e. Melasma disproportionately affects women ratio , as well as skin types IV to VI. Epidermal melasma tends to be light brown, enhancing under Wood Lamp examination.

Dermal melasma appears grayish in color and is nonenhancing. Mixed types of melasma are dark brown with variable enhancement. Dermal melasma is resistant to topical therapy. Dermatologic referral is recommended in these cases.

Chemical peels, light therapy, and laser therapy had mixed results. Adverse events included irritation of skin and postprocedure hyperpigmentation, which was more common in darker skin types. Sunscreens are universally recommended to prevent worsening of melasma from further sun exposure. Pregnancy-induced melasma tends to fade postpartum, and treatment should be postponed to allow natural fading.

Solar lentigines liver spots are macular, 1- to 3-cm, hyperpigmented, well-circumscribed lesions on sun-exposed surfaces of the skin. They vary from light yellow to dark brown and often have a variegated appearance. The face, hands, forearms, chest, back, and shins are the most common locations Figure 4.

Whites and Asians are most often affected. Solar lentigines result from a local mild proliferation of basal melanocytes from acute and chronic ultraviolet exposure, and subsequent increase in melanization.

They differ from ephelides, which result from increased melanin production. The differential diagnosis includes ephelides, café au lait macules, pigmented actinic keratoses, and lentigo maligna. Biopsy should be performed if there is rapid growth or change in a lesion, symptomatic lesions e.

Treatment consists of topical e. Topical therapies for solar lentigines are the most consistently effective treatments. Hydroquinone is effective but can cause hypersensitivity and acneiform eruptions.

Topical triple combination therapy may be used with or without cryotherapy. In one study, triple combination therapy used with cryotherapy enhanced resolution of solar lentigines and was well tolerated.

Food and Drug Administration. Brief cryotherapy less than five seconds with repeated treatments is preferred over more intense one-time treatment. Multiple light and laser modalities are also effective, but they are more likely to cause postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and usually require dermatologic referral.

Prevention of solar lentigines requires limiting sun exposure and regularly using sunscreen, especially in patients with fair skin types I to III and those prone to freckling, and by prevention of sunburns, especially after 20 years of age.

Ephelides freckles are small, 1- to 2-mm, sharply defined macular lesions of uniform color, most often found on the face, neck, chest, arms, and legs.

Color may vary from red to tan to light brown, and number from a few to hundreds Figure 6. Onset is usually in childhood after sun exposure. These lesions should be differentiated from juvenile lentigines 2 to 10 mm , which appear in early childhood, and solar lentigines 2 to 20 mm , which usually appear later in life.

Ephelides are asymptomatic, and treatment is not necessary. Undesired lesions can be treated similarly to lentigines using cryotherapy, hydroquinone, azelaic acid, glycolic acid peels, and laser and other light-based therapies.

Café au lait macules are tan to brown macules ranging from 1 to 20 cm and are present at birth or early in life Figure 7 1. They are epidermal and may be found on any body part, most commonly the trunk. They result from an increase in melanin concentration in melanocytes and basal keratinocytes.

More than six lesions 5 mm or larger prepubertal or 15 mm or larger postpubertal should raise suspicion for tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, Albright syndrome, or Fanconi anemia. Cosmetic treatments include laser therapy or surgical excision.

Vitiligo is an immune-mediated skin condition resulting in a loss of pigmentation Figure 8 1 and Figure 9. Its exact etiology is unknown.

It affects all skin types and is generally considered a cosmetic condition, but it can cause significant psychological distress, particularly in black patients, prompting requests for treatment. Quality of life is often negatively affected.

Vitiligo is present in 0. There is no race or sex predilection. There are two common types of vitiligo: segmental and nonsegmental i. Segmental vitiligo presents as a unilateral or band-shaped distribution of hypopigmented macules, usually 5 to 50 mm in size and coalescent, with rapid stabilization and early age of onset.

Nonsegmental vitiligo is typically bilateral or scattered symmetrically and evolves over time. Acral or acrofacial vitiligo typically involves the face and distal extremities the so-called lip-tip pattern.

Lesions of the head and neck tend to be most responsive to treatment; lesions on the extremities and genitalia tend to be more recalcitrant. There are multiple treatment modalities for vitiligo.

High-potency topical corticosteroids betamethasone 0. Systemic therapies such as psoralen and ultraviolet A, narrowband ultraviolet B UVB , and systemic corticosteroids are useful for more widespread or treatment-resistant disease.

These therapies generally require dermatologic referral. A Cochrane review found that class III corticosteroids e. Phase 2 and 3 studies are ongoing in the United States. Sun protection is recommended in vitiligo.

Broad-spectrum sunscreens, sun-protective clothing hats, shirts, pants and certain makeup can offer protection to affected areas. Concealers e.

However, monobenzone is no longer available in the United States. Possible alternatives include cryotherapy and laser therapy. Patients with segmental, stable, or lip-tip vitiligo can be treated with autologous transplantation methods. Split thickness and suction blister epidermal grafting techniques appear to be the safest and most effective, although transplant studies often lacked comparative controls.

Future studies on vitiligo are investigating the effect of psychological interventions on disease management. It is possible that such modalities in combination with standard treatment regimens may provide additional benefit.

Pityriasis alba is a disorder commonly associated with atopic dermatitis, usually presenting as hypopigmented, irregular patches on the face, head, neck, and forearms in children and young adults.

It is most notable in skin types III to VI. A fine scale with itching is occasionally present. Excessive unprotected sun exposure may be a trigger.

Because pityriasis alba is self-limited, no treatment is necessary. However, topical corticosteroids and sunscreens are first-line treatments in symptomatic patients. Use of low-potency hydrocortisone 0. Topical tacrolimus 0.

Mild skin irritation is common. Tinea versicolor pityriasis versicolor is a superficial fungal skin infection, caused by Malassezia spp. It often presents as hypopigmented or pink plaques with fine scale on the neck, chest, back, abdomen, and proximal extremities.

Occasionally, it may be hyperpigmented. The diagnosis is often clinical, with confirmation by microscopy using potassium hydroxide preparation.

Standard treatments include topical selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione, and antifungals e. Adapalene gel was also found to be noninferior to ketoconazole in one study.

Inflammatory conditions of the skin can cause loss of pigment. Tinea versicolor, atopic dermatitis, pityriasis alba, psoriasis, and guttate parapsoriasis may affect pigment production or transport.

Treatment of the underlying condition may improve hypopigmentation over time. Dermabrasion, chemical peels, cryotherapy, and intralesional corticosteroids can also reduce pigment locally, and these risks should be discussed with patients before treatment. This article updates previous articles on this topic by Plensdorf and Martinez , 1 , Stulberg , et al.

Data Sources: The literature search was performed using PubMed with key words postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, postinflammatory hypopigmentation, solar lentigines, tinea versicolor, melasma, vitiligo, café au lait macules, and pityriasis alba, and was limited to randomized controlled trials, practice guidelines, and clinical reviews for the past five years.

References from Essential Evidence Plus were also used. Search dates: September and June Plensdorf S, Martinez J. Common pigmentation disorders. Am Fam Physician. Yin NC, McMichael AJ. Acne in patients with skin of color: practical management.

Am J Clin Dermatol. Negishi K, Akita H, Tanaka S, Yokoyama Y, Wakamatsu S, Matsunaga K. Comparative study of treatment efficacy and the incidence of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation with different degrees of irradiation using two different quality-switched lasers for removing solar lentigines on Asian skin.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Chandra M, Levitt J, Pensabene CA. Hydroquinone therapy for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation secondary to acne: not just prescribable by dermatologists. Acta Derm Venereol. Woolery-Lloyd H, Kammer JN.

Treatment of hyperpigmentation. Semin Cutan Med Surg.

Dermatologists said a number of Treating pigmentation issues are at play. Anetta Terating. Antony Pigmentagion. And the darker your skin tone, the more likely hyperpigmentation may be an issue. Purvisha Patela dermatologist and Mohs and cosmetic surgeon. Rebecca Marcus.