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What Happens To Your Body If You Eat Tomatoes EverydayLycopene and inflammation -
Free radical scavenger property of lycopene is ten times that of α-tocopherol. It is was registered as a neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory,cognitive enhancer 4 High intake of lycopene and its products were associate with prevention of chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases.
and neurological disorders. Lycopene has postulated in modulating, cellular redox environment possibly by protecting the antioxidant enzyme activity.
Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of lycopene is due to inhibition of lipo polysaccharide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the nucleus microglia. Lycopene is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, with polyunsaturated open straight chain consisting of 2 unconjugated double bonds and 11 conjugated bonds.
The biological activity of lycopene is due to the presence of double bonds in its structure, and it lacks terminal β-ionic ring unlike other carotenoids. Lycopene undergoes photo-oxidation and degradation in the presence of light, and there is a decrease in bioavailability which can be overcome by its incorporation into the oil phase within oil-in-water nanoemulsions.
Cis form of lycopene is thermally unstable, while transform is more stable. Most of the carotenoids absorbed in the duodenal. In human serum,lycopene absorption influenced by lipids and lipid-soluble compounds and presence of carotenoids, vitamins, fibers, cooking temperature.
Dietary fat meals, Bile acids and micelles favors absorption from a small intestine by a passive transport mechanism, and released into the lymphatic system, to transport into the liver and blood.
It gets distributed into LDL low-density lipoprotein and VLDL very low-density lipoprotein fractions. It is soluble in chloroform, benzene, and oil and insoluble in water, ethanol.
It shows distinct property of the all -trans form, with a decreased color intensity and more polar nature,solubilized in lipophilic solutions with less prone to crystallization. Nanoemulsion technique protects antioxidant activity and improves bio-accessibility with a droplet size of in between nm.
A size less than nm shows lesser bioavailability and antioxidant activity. The crystalline form of lycopene is one major factor influencing its bioavailability. It builds up in hepatocytes, and spleen in a lesser extent and abundantly in the prostate.
Lycopene undergoes autoxidation in the presence of heat, oxygen, light and forms acetone, methyl-heptenone,laevulinic aldehyde. It forms a colorless compound glycoxal,which gives hay or grass-like odors. Click here to View figure Lycopene as an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory.
Lycopene is an antioxidant,is a free radical scavenger and prevents oxidative destruction in both in vivo and in-vitro. The inflammatory response is a multifaceted biological process with the involvement of pathophysiological process, i.
Lipopolysaccharides LPS are membrane-bound surface receptors of macrophages and substantial component of cell walls, mediate acute inflammatory response, and triggers the release of proinflammatory factors and induce oxidative stress.
Uveitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intraocular inflammation, with the involvement of retina and vitreous. Lycopene in combination with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol showed protection against lipid per oxidation by, inhibiting the release of TNF-α and stimulating IL synthesis.
Lycopene showed protection against methanol-induced liver toxicity in similar with fomepizole methanol intoxication. Which increased oxidative stress and generated free cells demeaning the production of proinflammatory mediators like IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α. Oxidative stress associated with chronic periodontitis, on activation liberates neutrophils and the reactive oxygen species, matter in the eradication of periodontal tissues.
Supplementation of antioxidants inflict the production ROS and constrain the tissue destruction. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of caspases, ultimately apoptosis, are the factors which are involved in the progress of disease.
There is a decline in these levels in hippocampus and cortical region during oxidative stress and apoptosis. Chronic treatment with lycopene significantly improves the cognitive functions and inhibit apoptosis, by preventing mitochondrial oxidative damage, and a decrease in inflammatory markers and protective properties against β-amyloid convinced neurotoxicity in rat cortical neurons.
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World J. Tilg, H. The Intestinal Microbiota fuelling metabolic inflammation. Download references. We appreciate the efforts of the following undergraduate students; Salami K.
Sukurat, Ezenandu O. Emmanuel, Emmanuel E. Ayobami, Abegunde Moyosore, Graham Richmond, Adegoke Sodiq, Omoyeni V. Omotolani, Adebiyi Ayomide, and Shiaka Dickson during the project administration.
Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, P. B , Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Department of Chemical Sciences Biochemistry Program , Augustine University Ilara-Epe, Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P. Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH, UK.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. and A. conceptualized the study; E. did data curation; F. Prepared the manuscript, A. supervised the project, A.
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Reprints and permissions. Lycopene suppresses palmitic acid-induced brain oxidative stress, hyperactivity of some neuro-signalling enzymes, and inflammation in female Wistar rat. Sci Rep 11 , Download citation. Received : 22 February Accepted : 29 June Published : 22 July Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
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Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature scientific reports articles article. Download PDF. Subjects Biochemistry Neuroscience. Abstract Neuroinflammation can be triggered by certain high caloric nutrients such as palmitic acid PA. Introduction Neuro-inflammation due to meta-inflammation describes an immuno-metabolic disorder of the nervous system, arising from derangements of the metabolic and inflammatory pathways in response to various cues including infection, autoimmunity, or certain high caloric nutrients 1.
Figure 1. Full size image. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Discussion In this study, PA overload caused the elevation of acetylcholine esterase AchE , adenosine deaminase ADA , monoamine oxidase- A MAO-A , and nucleotide triphosphatase NTPDase activities.
Conclusion Conclusively, excessive PA intake caused the alteration of neuro-behavioural enzymes activities and induced OS by inhibiting the antioxidant system. Figure 7.
Graphical abstract. Materials and methods Chemicals and reagents Lycopene All- Trans and TRIzol were purchased from Solarbio Life Science and Co. Methods Experimental animals Thirty 30 female Wistar rats 8 weeks of age were purchased and kept in the Animal Housing Unit of the Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta FUNAAB , Ogun State, Nigeria.
Induction of neuroinflammation and experimental design Neuroinflammation was induced via administration of 5 mM PA intraperitoneally i.
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Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Tilg, H. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Download references. Acknowledgements We appreciate the efforts of the following undergraduate students; Salami K. Author information Authors and Affiliations Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, P.
B , Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria Funmilola Clara Thomas Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH, UK Ayokulehin Muse Kosoko Authors Regina Ngozi Ugbaja View author publications.
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About this article. Cite this article Ugbaja, R. Copy to clipboard. Most lycopene effects were equivalent to dexamethasone. Lycopene may aid in the clinical management of uveitis by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.
Avaliamos o efeito do licopeno, um carotenóide dietético e um potente anti-oxidante, sobre a inflamação ocular e estresse oxidativo em modelo de uveíte experimental. Uveíte foi induzida por endotoxina EIU em ratos Sprague-Dawley por uma única injeção subcutânea de ug de lipopolissacárido LPS.
Vinte e quatro horas após a administração do LPS, os olhos foram enucleados, humor aquoso foi recolhido, e o número de células infiltrativas, a concentração de proteína, assim como os níveis de óxido nítrico NO , fator de necrose tumoral α TNF-α , interleucina-6 e marcadores de estresse oxidativo foram determinados no humor aquoso.
Além disso, a resposta inflamatória foi avaliada clinicamente e histologicamente. O tratamento com licopeno diminuiu significativamente estes aumentos. Embora, não tenha sido estatisticamente significativo, o licopeno reduziu a contagem de células infiltrativas e a concentração de proteínas no humor aquoso.
Estes resultados sugerem que o licopeno pode ter efeitos benéficos no tratamento da inflamação ocular, através dos seus efeitos anti-inflamatórios e antioxidantes.
Population based assessment of uveitis in an urban population in southern India. Br J Ophthalmol. The natural history of uveitis.
Int Ophthalmol. It primarily affects the uvea, but may also involve adjacent structures such as the retina and vitreous. Although autoimmune diseases and infections are considered main causes, the exact mechanisms of pathogenesis remain unclear 2 2 Nussenblatt RB.
Chronic non-infectious uveitis in the elderly: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management. Drugs Aging ;23 7 Endotoxin-induced uveitis EIU in rats, which mimics human idiopathic nonspecific acute uveitis, is an established model for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of potential treatments, especially those that may prevent or stop ocular inflammation 4 4 Rosenbaum JT, McDevitt HO, Guss RB, Egbert PR.
Endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats as a model for human disease. Lipopolysaccharide LPS , the main component of the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, generates an acute inflammatory response in EIU. LPS is recognized by membrane-bound receptors, principally on the surface of macrophages, and triggers the release of proinflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α TNF-α , interlukin-6 IL-6 , nitric oxide NO , and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 5 5 De Vos AF, Hoekzema R, Kijlstra A.
Cytokines and uveitis, a review. Curr Eye Res. The inflammatory response to LPS also induces oxidative stress 6 6 Satici A, Guzey M, Gurler B, Vural H, Gurkan T. Malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme levels in the aqueous humor of rabbits in endotoxin-induced uveitis.
Eur J Ophthalmol. Eventually the initiated proinflammatory cascades results in the breakdown of the blood- ocular barrier and the infiltration of leukocytes into both anterior and posterior segments of the eye, which contributes to the further progression of EIU 4 4 Rosenbaum JT, McDevitt HO, Guss RB, Egbert PR.
Lycopene is a dietary carotenoid present in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables such as watermelon and pink grapefruit 7 7 Clinton SK. Lycopene: chemistry, biology, and implications for human health and disease.
Nutr Rev. It has been reported that dietary intake of tomato and tomato-derived products can reduce the risks of chronic diseases and various cancers, especially prostate cancer 8 8 Giovannucci E.
Tomatoes, tomato-based products, lycopene, and cancer: review of the epidemiologic literature. J Natl Cancer Inst. Tomato lycopene and its role in human health and chronic diseases. Lycopene is a potent antioxidant as well as an inhibitor of proinflammatory and prothrombotic factors 10 10 Türk G, Ceribaşi AO, Sakin F, Sönmez M, Ateşşahin A.
Antiperoxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of lycopene and ellagic acid on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. Reprod Fertil Dev.
Lycopene was shown to inhibit formation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in macrophages 11 11 Lee W, Ku SK, Bae JW, Bae JS.
Inhibitory effects of lycopene on HMGB1-mediated pro-inflammatory responses in both cellular and animal models. Food Chem Toxicol.
Lycopene attenuates LPS-induced TNF-α secretion in macrophages and inflammatory markers in adipocytes exposed to macrophage-conditioned media.
Mol Nutr Food Res. The inherent antioxidant activity of lycopene may contribute to immune system modulation 13 13 Zhang LX, Cooney RV, Bertram JS. Carotenoids up-regulate connexin43 gene expression independent of their provitamin A or antioxidant properties.
Cancer Res. Hypocholesterolemic effect of lycopene and beta-carotene is related to suppression of cholesterol synthesis and augmentation of LDL receptor activity in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of lycopene against EIU-associated inflammation and oxidative stress in rats by histopathologic and biochemical analyses.
Another aim was to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of lycopene to those of dexamethasone, which is currently the standard treatment for uveitis. Lycopene was supplied by DSM Nutritional Products Istanbul, Turkey.
Lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich St. Louis, MO, US and dexamethasone from Deva Pharmaceuticals Tekirdag, Turkey. Rat TNF-α, IL-6, and NO enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA kits were obtained from Ray Biotech Inc.
Norcross, GA, US , Diaclone Besançon cedex, France , and Cayman Chemical Inc. Ann Arbor, MI, US , respectively.
This study was conducted on 28 healthy, week-old adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing g obtained from Dollvet Animal Laboratory Sanliurfa, Turkey , where the experiments were also performed. The study was performed in accordance with National Institutes of Health guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.
The animals were allowed to acclimate under standard laboratory conditions h light; h dark in a room with controlled temperature 24 ± 3ºC for one week prior to experiments. The animals had free access to water and were fed a standard commercial pellet diet ad libitum.
Endotoxin-induced uveitis EIU was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of LPS μg dissolved in 0. The dosing protocols were based on previous studies 15 15 Jin XH, Ohgami K, Shiratori K, Suzuki Y, Hirano T, Koyama Y, et al.
Inhibitory effects of lutein on endotoxin-induced uveitis in Lewis rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. Neurobiol Aging. Lycopene suppresses ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma.
In the Vehicle Control group, vehicle 0. Twenty-four hours after LPS or final vehicle administration, eyes were examined under microscopy and enucleated. The aqueous humor was collected from both eyes μl by anterior chamber puncture with a gauge needle under a surgical microscope.
To count infiltrating cells, the aqueous humor samples were suspended in an equal volume of Turk stain solution Merck, Darmstadt, Germany and examined by a hemocytometer under light microscopy. The number of cells was obtained by averaging the results of four randomly chosen fields from each sample.
The aqueous humor samples were stored in ice water until testing, and cell counts were measured on the day of sample collection.
The microprotein level was measured by the Lowry method 18 18 Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. The concentrations of TNF-α, NO, and IL-6 were measured using commercially available rat ELISA kits.
The crystalline lens was removed from enucleated eyes due to the high glutathione concentration 19 19 Mérida S, Sancho-Tello M, Navea A, Almansa I, Muriach M, Bosch-Morell F.
An anti-interleukin-2 receptor drug attenuates T-helper 1 lymphocytes-mediated inflammation in an acute model of endotoxin-induced uveitis. PLoS One ;9 3 :e Ocular tissues were weighed, broken down into very small pieces and placed in empty glass tubes. Then, 1 ml of mM KCl solution per gram of tissue was added to each tube, and all tissues were homogenized in a motor-driven homogenizer.
The homogenate was centrifuged at 2, × g for 10 min at 4ºC 20 20 Rabus M, Demirbağ R, Sezen Y, Konukoğlu O, Yildiz A, Erel O, et al. Plasma and tissue oxidative stress index in patients with rheumatic and degenerative heart valve disease. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. Total oxidant status TOS , total antioxidant status TAS , and oxidative stress index OSI were measured in supernatant and ocular tissue samples as described previously 21 21 Cakmak A, Soker M, Koc A, Aksoy N.
Prolidase activity and oxidative status in patients with thalassemia major. J Clin Lab Anal. Briefly, TAS was measured spectrophotometrically using a commercial kit Rel ® Assay Diagnostics Mega Tıp San. ve Tic.
Ye Hua inrlammation, Nanfei LyckpeneTao Ma inflammatiom, Yumin Sugar consumption and gut microbiomeHong XuYunnan Lycopene and inflammation Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Experimental Spinal Cord Ischemia Inflmmation via Cyclooxygenase-2 Suppression. Neuroimmunomodulation 15 May Lhcopene 26 2 African mango extract supplement 84— We sought to Lycopene and inflammation the inflamkation of inflammatuon, a naturally existing carotenoid with anti-inflammatory properties, in the treatment against SCII. Results: Lycopene treatment improved the recovery of neurological functions following SCII and suppressed the neuronal cell death and neuroinflammation at 14 days after SCII. Furthermore, Western blot assay revealed that lycopene treatment attenuated the SCII-induced increase in the protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 COX-2nuclear factor-κB, and activate protein-1, as well as the reduction of heme oxygenase Conclusion: Lycopene exerted neuroprotective functions in SCII and inhibited SCII-elicited neuroinflammation via COX-2 suppression. Sign In or Create an Account.
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