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How To Manage Diabetes with Medication - Yale Medicine ExplainsOral medication options for diabetes patients -
Start by considering your options and see what might work best for you. Diabetes is a progressive disease and medications sometimes stop working as well over time. When this happens adjustments to your medication or combination therapy can help, which may include adding insulin to your treatment plan.
This doesn't mean you're doing something wrong. Even if diabetes other medications do bring your blood glucose levels near the normal range, you may need to take insulin if you have a severe infection or need surgery.
Other medications may not be able to keep your blood glucose levels in your target range during these stressful times that affect your blood glucose.
Also, if you're not taking insulin but plan to or become pregnant, you may need insulin to manage your diabetes. In general, diabetes medications are safe and work well. SE: injection site reaction, nausea, diarrhea, upper respiratory infection.
Rare reports of pancreatitis inflammation of pancreas ; cannot be used if have history of medullary thyroid cancer. Cannot use if family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma MTC or if have multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 MEN2.
stuffy or runny nose, sore throat, headache, upper respiratory infection, rare severe allergic reactions swelling of tongue, throat, face or body; severe rash.
Dose: Taken once daily SE: runny nose, upper respiratory infection, rare severe allergic reactions swelling of tongue, throat, face or body; severe rash. No weight gain; Lower doses used if kidney problems Saxagliptin. Dose: Taken once daily SE: upper respiratory infection, urinary tract infection, headache.
No weight gain; Lower doses used if kidney problems Linagliptin. Dose: Taken once daily SE: runny nose, sore throat, rare reports of pancreatitis, rare severe allergic reactions, no weight gain; SGLT2 inhibitors: increase glucose excretion in the urine Canagliflozin.
Dose: Taken once daily Same as above with metformin and saxagliptin. Table is prepared with information from package inserts of the various medications and opinion of the UCSF Diabetes Teaching Center. This table is not meant to be all inclusive and contains important educational information, as viewed by the UCSF Diabetes Teaching Center.
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Diagnosing Diabetes Treatment Goals What is Type 2 Diabetes? Home » Types Of Diabetes » Type 2 Diabetes » Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes » Medications And Therapies » Type 2 Non Insulin Therapies » Table of Medications.
Use this table to look up the different medications that can be used to treat type 2 diabetes. Use the links below to find medications within the table quickly, or click the name of the drug to link to expanded information about the drug.
Tolbutamide Orinase® various generics. SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain Preferred SFU for elderly Must be taken times daily. Glimepiride Amaryl® various generics. Initial: mg daily Range: mg Dose: Taken once daily. SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain Need to take only once daily. Glipizide Glucotrol® Glucotrol XL® various generics.
Initial: 5 mg daily Range: 2. Glyburide Micronase®, DiaBeta® various generics. Initial: 2. Glyburide, micronized Glynase PresTab® various generics. Initial: 1. Initial: mg daily 0. SE: hypoglycemia Safe for elderly Duration of action is only 4 hours Take within minutes of meal.
Initial: mg three times daily if A1C close to goal, use 60 mg Range: mg Dose: Taken three times daily. SE: hypoglycemia Safe for elderly Duration of action is only 2 hours Take within 30 minutes of meal.
Glucophage: mg, mg, mg tablets Glucophage XR: mg, mg tablets Fortamet: mg, mg tablets Glumetza: mg, mg tablets Generic metformin ER: mg, mg tablets.
Initial: mg twice daily or mg once daily Range: mg Dose: Taken two or three times daily ER: Initial: mg once daily Range: mg Dosed once daily. Acarbose Precose® various generics. SE: flatulence Take with first bite of meal Start with low dose and slowly to minimize GI intolerance.
There are mevication types, or classes, of medications Blood sugar crash after exercise Customized and easy weight loss in different ways to lower blood glucose also known as mexication sugar levels. Some medicatino are Oral medication options for diabetes patients by Natural fat burners and others are injected. Some of the commonly used classes of non-insulin medications include:. Metformin Glucophage is classified as a biguanide medication and is the only available medication in this class. Metformin lowers blood glucose levels primarily by decreasing the amount of glucose produced by the liver. Metformin also helps lower blood glucose levels by making muscle tissue more sensitive to insulin so blood glucose can be used for energy. It is usually taken two times a day.
Oral medication options for diabetes patients -
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Plus, get a FREE copy of the Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness. Because 50 percent of the glyburide is excreted by the kidneys, the drug can build up in people with CKD, causing low blood sugar levels. Glipizide is the most commonly used oral medication in patients with advanced kidney disease, and no specific dosage adjustment is required for glipizide; however, the manufacturer recommends conservative initial and maintenance glipizide doses as well as careful blood glucose monitoring to avoid hypoglycemic reactions.
In people with CKD and ESRD, glimepiride should be dosed conservatively and dose changes should be based on fasting blood glucose concentrations. The most common side effect is low blood sugar.
All patients taking sulfonylureas should recognize the symptoms and know how to treat them because severe hypoglycemia is possible with all medications in this class.
Other side effects depend on the specific medication. Thiazolidinediones Thiazolidinedionesimprove the effectiveness of insulin by decreasing insulin resistance in muscle and fat tissues and lower the amount of glucose released by the liver.
Medicines include Actos ® pioglitazone and Avandia ® rosiglitazone. People with cardiovascular problems should not be prescribed Avandia ®. Because many people with CKD and ESRD also have heart disease, Avandia ® may not be prescribed for them.
No specific dosage adjustments are required with Actos, and it can be used safely in conjunction with insulin. Thiazolidinediones have come under increased scrutiny, including some restrictions for their use by the FDA due to the severity of their side effects such as fluid retention, worsening of heart and lung disease, and liver failure.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 DPP-4 inhibitors Examples of these medications are Januvia ® sitagliptin and Onglyza ® saxagliptin. They lower blood sugar levels by increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas and decreasing the amount of glucose that is produced by the liver.
After Januvia ® was marketed, reports of worsening kidney function , even acute kidney failure , were described. No such events were reported for Onglyza ®.
Common side effects for both drugs include headache, runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, upper respiratory infection, nausea and upset stomach. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Precose ® acarbose and Glyset ® miglitol slow the digestion of carbohydrates and thereby decrease the rate at which glucose is absorbed from food in the intestines.
They will not cause low blood sugar unless they are taken with other oral diabetes medications or insulin. Experience with acarbose treatment in patients with severe renal impairment is limited; the manufacturer does not recommend the use of acarbose in this patient population.
If acarbose treatment is warranted, it should be used cautiously in patients with severe renal impairment and people with Stage 3 and 4 CKD , or those on dialysis should consult their nephrologist before taking these medications. Gastrointestinal side effects are the most common and consist of diarrhea, gas, bloating, nausea and stomach pain.
Biguanides and Combination Therapy The main action of these medications is decreasing the amount of glucose that is produced by the liver.
Generic names are metformin Glucophage ® and a combination of repaglinide and metformin Prandimet ®. In hemodialysis patients, metformin use is an absolute contraindication —when a drug should not be used —because it increases risk of lactic acidosis an increase in acid in the tissues and blood , which can lead to death.
The most common side effects of metformin are temporary nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, increased abdominal gas and a metallic taste.
Meglitinides Meglitinides stimulate the pancreas to secrete more insulin in response to increasing blood sugar levels. Two examples of these medications are Prandin ® repaglinide and Starlix ® nateglinide. Repaglinide use in patients with CKD and ESRD may also require a dosage adjustment.
Only people with diabetee 2 mexication can use medications patjents than insulin to manage their diabetes, Creatine for improving reaction time with type 1 diabetes diahetes use insulin. Type 2 diabetes kptions plans Black pepper extract for natural remedy include meal planning Creatine for improving reaction time physical activity along with your diabetes medication. This way you have three therapies working together to manage your blood glucose levels. Start by considering your options and see what might work best for you. Diabetes is a progressive disease and medications sometimes stop working as well over time. When this happens adjustments to your medication or combination therapy can help, which may include adding insulin to your treatment plan.
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