Circadian rhythm stress -
DDBK and CAM contributed equally to the revision of the draft manuscript and have agreed to the final content. No competing interests were disclosed. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article:.
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ALL Metrics. Get PDF. Get XML. How to cite this article. NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details. Implications of circadian rhythm and stress in addiction vulnerability [version 1; peer review: 2 approved].
PUBLISHED 13 Jan Author details Author details 1 School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS.
Abstract In the face of chronic stress, some individuals can maintain normal function while others go on to develop mental illness. The circadian and stress response systems have evolved to afford adaptability to environmental changes and allow for maintenance of functional stability, or homeostasis.
This mini-review will discuss how circadian rhythms and stress individually affect drug response, affect each other, and how their interactions may regulate reward-related behavior.
In particular, we will focus on the interactions between the circadian clock and the regulation of glucocorticoids by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA axis. Determining how these two systems act on dopaminergic reward circuitry may not only reveal the basis for vulnerability to addiction, but may also illuminate potential therapeutic targets for future investigation.
READ ALL READ LESS. Keywords Addiction, Circadian, Clock, Glucocorticoids, HPA, Reward, Stress, Vulnerability. Corresponding Author s. Colleen McClung McClungCA upmc.
Grant information: The author s declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Circadian rhythm and the molecular clock Highly conserved across most living organisms, circadian rhythms facilitate the anticipation and adaptation of behavior to daily changes in environmental stimuli.
Figure 1. The circadian molecular clock and its interactions with the stress axis. Circadian genes and reward Several studies in the past two decades have shown core circadian genes to be important regulators of reward-related behavior in response to common substances of abuse, as reviewed by Parekh et al.
Circadian regulation of the HPA axis Like many other processes in the body, the HPA axis and its hormonal components are under direct circadian regulation by both the SCN and a peripheral clock in the adrenal cortex Ishida et al. Stress effects on circadian rhythm Occurring simultaneously, the same components of the molecular clock that regulate HPA axis function can also be reciprocally affected by the stress itself.
Circadian rhythm and stress interactions in dopaminergic transmission As described above, a lot can be understood by just examining how each system not only affects each other, but also how they individually affect behavioral response to drugs of abuse. Figure 2. Dynamic circadian and stress interactions at the TH promoter.
Conclusion Reward-related behavior and sensitivity to drug response have both been shown to be regulated by the circadian and stress response systems.
Author contributions DDBK prepared the manuscript. Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author s declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Faculty Opinions recommended References Abarca C, Albrecht U, Spanagel R: Cocaine sensitization and reward are under the influence of circadian genes and rhythm.
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Strwss 4, Circadian Rhythms 0. A research team Hypertension and digestive health Japan has Detoxification Support for Improved Sleep Circadian rhythm stress rhytmh neural pathway stgess links the circadian rhtyhm, stress, and wakefulness in Hypertension and digestive health. The Nagoya University-led team identified a neuron, Ciecadian the corticotropin-releasing factor CRF neuron, that becomes excessively active when the mammal is under stress, which could trigger insomnia and other sleep disorders. Their findings were recently published in the journal Science Advances. However, in the event of life-threatening situations, the circadian rhythm signal is shut off to keep the animal awake so that it can escape from danger even when it would normally be time to sleep.Circadian rhythm stress -
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TRACK THIS ARTICLE. Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status:? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested. Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.
Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions. VERSION 1. How to cite this report:. NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation.
Reviewer Report 02 Feb Randy Nelson , Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA. Jeremy Borniger , Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
VIEWS READ ALL. The authors provide an excellent and timely mini-review of the interactions between the circadian and stress response systems, and their actions on dopaminergic reward circuitry underlying addiction and diseases of drug abuse.
They highlight the differential expression levels of BMAL1 binding partners CLOCK and NPAS2 throughout the brain, indicating that NPAS2 is specifically enriched in the nucleus accumbens.
This sets the stage for the idea that selective manipulation of the circadian clock through NPAS2 in the nucleus accumbens could influence reward-seeking behavior. The review is concise and provides an excellent starting point for anyone interested in the etiology, treatment, or molecular biology of addiction or drug abuse.
It may be beyond the scope of this review, but future discussion of the effects drugs of abuse on the circadian clock may be warranted. Is there any evidence for circadian control of opioid reward signaling? It may be worth discussing stress effects on opioid or opioid-receptor expression in the VTA or NAc on a circadian basis.
READ LESS. Nelson R and Borniger J. Reviewer Report For: Implications of circadian rhythm and stress in addiction vulnerability [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]. Report a concern. Respond or Comment. COMMENT ON THIS REPORT. Reviewer Report 01 Feb Harry Pantazopoulos , Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
Syed Bukhari , Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA. The article provides an accurate summary of the current literature and a helpful introduction of these biological systems to readers who are unfamiliar with the field.
The figures are clear, well-described, and aid the reader in understanding the molecular mechanisms described in the text.
This mini-review is a useful reference to researchers studying basic neuroscience questions on these systems and how these systems are disrupted in psychiatric disorders. The review highlights the importance of recognizing the potential interactions between these systems in both normal and pathological conditions.
Pantazopoulos H and Bukhari S. Open Peer Review. Reviewer Status. Reviewer Reports. Harry Pantazopoulos , McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA.
Syed Bukhari , McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA. Randy Nelson , Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA. Jeremy Borniger , Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA. Comments on this article All Comments 0 Add a comment. Sign up for content alerts.
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Hall, Circadoan Rosbash, and Circadiann W. Rhythmicity of physiological parameters is Circadian rhythm stress in virtually all living systems. Circadian rhythm stress circadian Circxdian with its most obvious expression, the sleep—wake cycle, Curcadian closely tied to Circadian rhythm stress diurnal rhythm Prediabetes physical activity day and night. A disturbance of this highly regulated system can lead to circadian misalignment resulting in sleeping difficulties with consequences on many physiological functions like psychological and physical performance, the metabolism, and the immune system as it could be found in night shift workers or in people suffering from chronic jet lag. Extreme environments such as high altitude, hot or cold environments, or microgravity also can alter human sleep patterns as well as during isolation and confinement—experimental setups that serve to simulate the isolated nature of long-term space travel.
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