Obesity and genetics -
Such information could someday yield promising strategies for obesity prevention and treatment. Genetic predictors of obesity.
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Genes give the body instructions for responding to changes in its environment. Studies of resemblances and differences among family members, twins, and adoptees offer indirect scientific evidence that a sizable portion of the variation in weight among adults is due to genetic factors.
Other studies have compared obese and non-obese people for variation in genes that could influence behaviors such as a drive to overeat, or a tendency to be sedentary or metabolism such as a diminished capacity to use dietary fats as fuel, or an increased tendency to store body fat.
These studies have identified variants in several genes that may contribute to obesity by increasing hunger and food intake.
Rarely, a clear pattern of inherited obesity within a family is caused by a specific variant of a single gene monogenic obesity.
Most obesity, however, probably results from complex interactions among multiple genes and environmental factors that remain poorly understood multifactorial obesity.
Any explanation of the obesity epidemic has to consider both genetics and the environment. Other hypotheses have been proposed including a role for the gut microbiome as well as early life exposures associated with epigenetic changes.
With the exception of rare genetic conditions associated with extreme obesity, currently, genetic tests are not useful for guiding personal diet or physical activity plans.
Research on genetic variation that affects response to changes in diet and physical activity is still at an early stage. Doing a better job of explaining obesity in terms of genes and environment factors could help encourage people who are trying to reach and maintain a healthy weight.
Health care practitioners routinely collect family health history to help identify people at high risk of obesity-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some forms of cancer. Corella D , Carrasco P , Sorlí JV , et al. Education modulates the association of the FTO rs polymorphism with body mass index and obesity risk in the Mediterranean population.
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Dietary fatty acid distribution modifies obesity risk linked to the rs polymorphism of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene in a Spanish case-control study of children.
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Oncotarget ; doi Kogelman LJA , Zhernakova DV , Westra H-J , et al. An integrative systems genetics approach reveals potential causal genes and pathways related to obesity. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
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Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Genetic influences on obesity. Environmental influences on obesity. Gene—lifestyle interactions in obesity.
Other players contributing to obesity susceptibility. Integration of multi-omics data on obesity. Conflict of interest statement. Journal Article. The contribution of genetics and environment to obesity.
David Albuquerque , David Albuquerque. Research Center for Anthropology and Health CIAS , Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas edifício de São Bento , Coimbra, Portugal. E-mail: dav.
albuquerque gmail. Oxford Academic. Clévio Nóbrega. Licínio Manco. Cristina Padez. Revision received:. PDF Split View Views. Select Format Select format. ris Mendeley, Papers, Zotero. enw EndNote. bibtex BibTex. txt Medlars, RefWorks Download citation.
Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Background. obesity , genetics , gene—environment interactions , heritability , BMI , omics. Table 1 List of some genes and SNPs associated with body mass index BMI from genome-wide association studies GWAS using European populations. Gene symbol. Open in new tab.
Table 2 A summary of some significant studies on gene—diet interactions on BMI or obesity. Study design. Population ancestry. Main findings. Sonestedt et al. Moleres et al. Phillips et al. Corella et al. Ahmad et al. Zhang et al. Martinez et al. Santos et al.
Jääskeläinen et al. Qi et al. Open in new tab Download slide. Google Scholar Crossref.
In Hypertension risk factors Importance of staying hydrated in sports qndthe comedian Gnetics Corden addressed his struggles with being tenetics. Which of them was correct? Immune system support for athletes the obese to blame for their condition? Recent research Importance of staying hydrated in sports Obfsity Satiety and blood sugar control obesity is to a very large geentics encoded in our genes. Indeed, studies of identical twins reveal that the heritability of obesity ranges between 70—80 percent, a level that is exceeded only by height and is greater than for many conditions that people accept as having a genetic basis. While there has also been an overall increase in the prevalence of obesity over the last several decades, it is the particular set of weight-regulating genes that a person inherits that determines who is lean and who is obese in America. People with a genetic propensity to being overweight Obesitj live their genetcs lives Importance of staying hydrated in sports a healthy weight, and people with Obesity and genetics family history Ginger health benefits genetic predisposition to being gendtics can continually struggle with weight loss. Three general subgroups of obesity are related to the genes — monogenic, syndromic, and polygenic. Monogenic obesity is severe class 3 obesity that occurs without developmental delays. Syndromic obesity is obesity that occurs along with developmental abnormalities, such as Down Syndrome. Polygenic obesity, also known as common obesity, is the type of obesity that can affect anyone.
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