Insulin resistance and diabetes -
But there are ways to make the body more receptive to insulin, which can help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes—or help someone with type 1 diabetes manage their blood glucose blood sugar. In response to the body's insulin resistance, the pancreas deploys more of the hormone to keep cells energized and manage blood glucose levels in a healthy range.
This is why people with type 2 diabetes tend to have higher levels of circulating insulin. The ability of the pancreas to increase insulin production means that insulin resistance alone won't have any symptoms at first.
Over time, though, insulin resistance tends to get worse, and the pancreatic beta cells that make insulin can wear out. Eventually, the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin to overcome the cells' resistance. The result is higher blood glucose levels, and ultimately prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.
Insulin has other roles in the body besides regulating blood glucose levels, and the effects of insulin resistance are thought to go beyond diabetes. For example, some research has shown that insulin resistance, independent of diabetes, is associated with heart disease.
Scientists are beginning to get a better understanding of how insulin resistance develops. For starters, several genes have been identified that make a person more or less likely to develop the condition.
It's also known that older people are more prone to insulin resistance. Lifestyle can play a role, too. Being sedentary, overweight or obese increases the risk for insulin resistance. It's not clear, but some researchers theorize that extra fat tissue may cause inflammation, physiological stress or other changes in the cells that contribute to insulin resistance.
There may even be some undiscovered factor produced by fat tissue, perhaps a hormone, that signals the body to become insulin resistant. Doctors don't usually test for insulin resistance as a part of standard diabetes care.
In clinical research, however, scientists may look specifically at measures of insulin resistance, often to study potential treatments for insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.
They typically administer a large amount of insulin to a subject while at the same time delivering glucose to the blood to keep levels from dipping too low.
The less glucose needed to maintain normal blood glucose levels, the greater the insulin resistance. Insulin resistance comes in degrees. The more insulin resistant a person with type 2 is, the harder it will be to manage their diabetes because more medication is needed to get enough insulin in the body to achieve target blood glucose levels.
Insulin resistance isn't a cause of type 1 diabetes, but people with type 1 who are insulin resistant will need higher insulin doses to keep their blood glucose under control than those who are more sensitive to insulin. Take Charge, Family Style Parents can do a lot to help their kids prevent type 2 diabetes.
Here are some tips to get started: Mealtime Makeover Drink more water and fewer sugary drinks. Eat more fruits and vegetables. Make favorite foods healthier. Get kids involved in making healthier meals.
Eat slowly—it takes at least 20 minutes to start feeling full. Eat at the dinner table only, not in front of the TV or computer. Shop for food together. Teach your kids to read food labels to understand which foods are healthiest.
Have meals together as a family as often as you can. Serve small portions; let kids ask for seconds. Reward kids with praise instead of food. Getting Physical Aim for your child to get 60 minutes of physical activity a day, in several or minute sessions or all at once. Start slow and build up.
Keep it positive—focus on progress. Take parent and kid fitness classes together. Make physical activity more fun; try new things. Ask kids what activities they like best—everyone is different.
Encourage kids to join a sports team. Limit screen time to 2 hours a day. Plan active outings, like hiking or biking.
Take walks together. Move more in and out of the house—vacuuming, raking leaves, gardening. Turn chores into games, like racing to see how fast you can clean the house.
Want to Limit Overeating? Limit TV Time. Encourage your kids to reach for fruit, the original fast food. Last Reviewed: December 30, Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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