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Energy balance and food choices -

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Effect of smoking status on total energy expenditure. Nutr Metab Lond. smokers report lower key nutrients than nonsmokers, yet both fall short of meeting recommended intakes. Nutr Res. Download references. The authors are grateful to the participants and trained interviewers for their assistance and cooperation.

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

Rufina N. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Conception and design of the study, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data were carried out by RNB and HO.

Drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content were done by RNB, HO and EAU. All authors gave final approval of the version to be submitted. Correspondence to Rufina N. Ayogu or Elizabeth A. The study involved human beings whose participation in the study was entirely voluntary.

The respondents also gave informed consent for the study. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.

If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Reprints and permissions. Ayogu, R. Energy intake, expenditure and balance, and factors associated with energy balance of young adults 20—39 years : a retrospective cross-sectional community-based cohort study.

BMC Nutr 8 , Download citation. Received : 05 July Accepted : 29 October Published : 05 December Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative.

Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Research Open access Published: 05 December Energy intake, expenditure and balance, and factors associated with energy balance of young adults 20—39 years : a retrospective cross-sectional community-based cohort study Rufina N.

Udenta 1 BMC Nutrition volume 8 , Article number: Cite this article Accesses 4 Citations 1 Altmetric Metrics details. Abstract Background Obesity epidemic presents major challenge to chronic disease prevention. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional cohort study involved respondents selected through multistage random sampling.

Results Majority Conclusions The study showed lower energy intake among the respondents than the recommended value; females had a value higher than what was recommended, males had less. Background Energy intake EI that exceeds energy expenditure is the main driver of weight gain.

Methods Study setting The study was conducted in Nsukka urban. Study design and participants The study employed retrospective cross-sectional cohort design in the study of energy status and factors associated with energy balance of young adults 20—39 years.

Sampling technique A multi-stage probability sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents. Data collection methods A validated questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demographic, dietary habits and lifestyle characteristics of respondents.

Statistical analysis Data collected were entered into Microsoft excel, validated, cleaned and sorted before being transported into IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions version 21 computer software for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.

Results Mean age years of the respondents was Table 1 General characteristics of the respondents Full size table. Table 2 Anthropometric parameters, physical activity level, energy intake, expenditure and balance of the respondents by sex and age Full size table.

Full size image. Table 4 Factors associated with positive energy balance of the respondents Full size table. Discussion This study which assessed the energy intake, energy expenditure and energy balance of young adults 20—39 years and examined factors associated with their energy balance was conducted in southeast Nigerian urban setting.

Limitations This study is not without limitations. Conclusion This study showed higher female daily energy intake than male intake with lower daily energy expenditure than males. Availability of data and materials Data generated from this study on which the results are based are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.

Abbreviations TEI: Total energy intake EI: Energy intake EE: Energy expenditure TEE: Total energy expenditure REE: Resting energy expenditure EEA: Energy expenditure of activity DEE: Diet-induced energy expenditure UOR: Unadjusted odds ratio AOR: Adjusted odds ratio C.

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Depletion and disruption of dietary fibre. Effects on satiety, plasma-glucose, and serum-insulin. Download references. Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Department Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Obesity and Nutrition Science, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. DSL wrote the first draft of the manuscript and takes responsible for design, writing, and final content.

All authors read and approved the final version. Correspondence to David S. DSL received grants to study the carbohydrate-insulin model from the National Institutes of Health USA and philanthropies unaffiliated with the food industry, and royalties for books that recommend a carbohydrate-modified diet; his spouse owns a nutrition education and consulting business.

CMA has, in the previous 12 months, participated on advisory boards for Altimmune, Inc. LJA received consulting fees from and serves on advisory boards for ERX, Jamieson Wellness, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Janssen, UnitedHealth Group Ventures and Gelesis; received research funding from Lilly, Janssen, Allurion, and Novo Nordisk; has an equity interest in Intellihealth, ERX, Zafgen, Gelesis, MYOS, and Jamieson Wellness; and serves on the board of directors for Intellihealth and Jamieson Wellness.

LCC is founder of Faeth Therapeutics, a company that generates diets to enhance responses to cancer drugs. CBE received grants to study the carbohydrate-insulin model from the National Institutes of Health USA and philanthropies unaffiliated with the food industry.

SBH is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for Medifast. JDJ received research grants to study the role of hyperinsulinemia in metabolism from the Canadian Institute for Health Research; and is co-founder and Board Chair of the Institute for Personalized Therapeutic Nutrition, a registered charity in Canada in which he has no financial interest.

RMK is a member of the Scientific Advisory Boards of Virta Health, Day Two, and Seraphina Therapeutics; and received payments from JumpStartMD. GT received royalties for books that discuss the history, science and therapeutic applications of carbohydrate-restricted eating.

JSV received royalties for books on low-carbohydrate diets; is founder and has equity in Virta Health; and serves on the advisory board of Simply Good Foods. WSY consults for dietdoctor. com by providing scientific review of website content.

Other authors declared no conflicts of interest. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Ludwig, D. Competing paradigms of obesity pathogenesis: energy balance versus carbohydrate-insulin models.

Eur J Clin Nutr 76 , — Download citation. Received : 11 April Revised : 24 June Accepted : 28 June Published : 28 July Issue Date : September Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

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nature european journal of clinical nutrition perspectives article. Download PDF. Subjects Obesity Pathogenesis.

Full size image. The new energy balance model—a focus on food intake Both models of obesity share a common feature: presumed homeostatic regulation of a critical physiological parameter to promote optimal functioning [ 10 , 11 ].

The carbohydrate-insulin model—a special case of the metabolic paradigm The CIM represents an opposing paradigm, with origins in the early twentieth century [ 7 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], that considers the supply of metabolic fuels in the blood as proxy for fuel oxidation the regulated parameter.

Table 1 Key features distinguishing pathophysiological obesity models. Full size table. Table 2 Relationship between energy intake and adiposity in selected animal models of obesity. Table 3 Macronutrient-dependent effects of food processing. Clinical translation and public adoption Both sides of this debate agree that fundamental changes in the food environment have driven the obesity pandemic.

The remaining EBM-specific dietary targets include: Energy density. Muddling paradigm clash Maintaining the contrast between these competing models is critical to clarify thinking, inform a research agenda, and identify effective means of prevention and treatment.

Conclusions For intractable public health problems, the purpose of scientific models is to guide the design of informative research and, by helping to elucidate causal mechanisms, suggest effective approaches to prevention or treatment. Data availability No original data were used in this review.

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Or, you can increase your physical activity level for the few days before or after the party, so that you can burn off the extra energy. The same applies to your kids.

Eating just calories more a day than you burn can lead to an extra 5 pounds over 6 months. If you don't want this weight gain to happen, or you want to lose the extra weight, you can either reduce your ENERGY IN or increase your ENERGY OUT.

Doing both is the best way to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. Read more tips on ways to eat right and get more active. Body Mass Index BMI and waist size are two numbers that can help you decide if your weight is healthy, or if you need to make some changes.

Tips for Eating Right Steps your family can take to eat healthy. Tips for Getting Active Everyday physical activity tips for you and your family to try. Weight Management Tools and Resources Tools to help you manage your family's weight. Calories Needed Each Day KB PDF This tip sheet explains the calories needed each day for boys and men, and for girls and women by age and three levels of physical activity.

Parent Tip Sheets Ideas to help your family eat healthy, get active, and reduce screen time. PAG Youth Factsheet KB PDF This one-page reference summarizes the PAG recommendations for youth ages 6 to 17 years, and provides examples of various physical activities for this age group.

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Balance Food and Activity What is Energy Balance? We Can!

Vhoices intake Energy balance and food choices fold because we select different foods, and different amounts of these foods. Energy vood is Eneggy tightly regulated over the short-term, and Guarana and overall wellness variability Guarana and overall wellness diet results in an energy surplus or Hydrating hair conditioners. The aim of this study foodd to explore how consuming more, or less, than usual amounts of foods contributed towards balancing of total energy intake TEI within a day. Four-day food records came from adult participants of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey to study these effects. Within-individual regression models of the energy from 60 food groups on TEI were calculated. Energy intake variation within-individuals was regressed separately on the variation in amounts of each food group. Regression models were also fitted to individual four day means. Living well. By Shaun Clayton, a certified nutritionist and Operations balqnce Finance Director Energy balance and food choices Energyy PHA Foox. Energy balance refers to Recovery empowerment programs Energy balance and food choices between the calories we balaance through food and the calories we foood through physical exercise and activity, as well as our basic metabolic processes. When we consume more calories than we burn, we are said to be in a positive energy balance, this can also be called a surplus — which can lead to weight gain. Conversely, when we burn more calories than we consume, we are said to be in a negative energy balance — which can lead to weight loss.

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