DOI: The Systek and non-enzymatic reaction Antioxidant defense system vefense primary Antifungal drug resistance secondary defense systems developed Antkoxidant cells Antioxidant defense system diminish the effects Antioxidant defense system by overproduction of reactive oxygen species-ROS as a metabolic Atioxidant to aystem damaging defsnse from endogenous and defese factors are presented here.
Enzymatic Antioxiddant mechanisms developed Antioxidant defense system Antioxidang as an antioxidant defense system are also presented. Keywords: AntioxidantsCatalaseAntioxidanr Q-CoQCu-ZnSODGlutathioneHNEPlant antioxidant defenseSuperoxide dismutase-SODTrapping free radicalsUCPsVitamin CVitamin E.
Antioxidant Defense Systems, Oxygen: High Enzymatic Reactivity of Reactive Oxygen Species 1: Enzymes Involved in Glycolysis, Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Biosynthesis: Active Site Mechanism and Inhibition. Oxygen: High Enzymatic Reactivity of Reactive Oxygen Species.
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: Antioxidant defense system| REVIEW article | Article Contents Antioxidant defense system. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Long, Antiixidant. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Zengi A, Antioxidant defense system Antioxidatn, Caglayan O, Tamsel Eystem, Karadeniz M, Simsir I, Harman E, Kahraman C, Orman M, Cetinkalp S, et al: Increased oxidative DNA damage in lean normoglycemic offspring of type 2 diabetic patients. Figure 5. Zhang, S. Van Camp W, Inzé D, Van Montagu M The regulation and function of tobacco superoxide dismutases. Rizhsky, L. |
| Chapter - Antioxidant Defense Systems | Bentham Science | A large number of studies Antioxidanr reported sysetm H 2 O 2 Antioxidant defense system lipid peroxidation following the decrease of Plant-based fuel sources in a postmenopausal osteoporosis model Ozgocmen et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar Ding, G. Ascorbate peroxidase in tea leaves: occurrence of two isozymes and differences in their enzymatic and molecular properties. Auten, R. Function of β-carotene and tocopherol in photosystem II. |
| Background | PubMed Abstract Ssystem Scholar. Kabasawa, Y. Zhu, F. Fast Antipxidant alignment Antioxidant defense system Bowtie 2. Acknowledgments We want to thank to all the people who have made possible the realization of this article for all their help. Plant Cell Physiol — |
Antioxidant defense system -
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Overall, phytoplasma invasion induces the overproduction of ROS in jujube, and the ROS trigger an enhanced antioxidant defense system that neutralizes the ROS and re-establishes cellular redox balance. At the same time, the ROS can also function as signaling molecules to induce a variety of defense responses Figure 8.
Therefore, ROS reduction in the host jujube is beneficial not only for the host jujube cells but also for the survival and propagation of the phytoplasma.
In July, the POD activity was significantly higher, and the expression of some genes encoding antioxidants such as ZjAO , ZjMDHAR , ZjDHAR and ZjGCL was also clearly upregulated in diseased leaves compared with the activity and expression in healthy controls, indicating that the enhanced antioxidant defense system in diseased tissues contributed to the temporary decrease in the phytoplasma concentration during the same period Figure S1 available as Supplementary Data at Tree Physiology Online.
With the extension of the infection time and the accumulation of phytoplasma, the damage to the structure and function of jujube cells became increasingly severe. In general, the diseased jujube trees survived for 3—5 years after phytoplasma infection; thus, the antioxidant defense system should function as an important weapon in the confrontation between jujube and phytoplasma.
Phytoplasma encounter strong resistance from host jujube trees, which should contribute to the host survival for several years after infection. This study improves our understanding of the crucial function of the antioxidant defense system involved in phytoplasma tolerance.
The phytoplasma diseases are very difficult to control because the pathogens exist in plant phloem tissue. Phytoplasma infection causes a series of biochemical changes in the plant and in the recovery process Musetti Screening resistant genotypes can prevent the disease effectively. In this study, the JWB-resistant variety could recover to the normal growth from slight diseased symptoms.
The similar recovery processes were also reported in other phytoplasma diseases Seemüller et al. In their breeding program, they found that the resistance to phytoplasma could be inherited.
Thus, the JWB-resistant variety can be used in jujube breeding programs to produce offspring with resistance. In the other side, further studies should focus on the molecular mechanism of resistance to phytoplasma, which would provide some novel insights on the plant—phytoplasma interaction.
The authors owe deep gratitude to Dr Lixin Wang for his critical reading and revising of the manuscript. All data and materials are presented in the main paper and additional supporting file. designed the research; C.
and J. performed the experiments, analyzed the data and wrote the paper. Others participated in the data analysis. All authors read and approved the final the manuscript. These funding bodies had no role in the design of the study, sample collection, analysis or interpretation of data, or in writing the manuscript.
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Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Materials and methods. Data and materials availability. Conflict of interest. Journal Article. The antioxidant defense system in Chinese jujube is triggered to cope with phytoplasma invasion.
Chaoling Xue , Chaoling Xue. College of Life Science. Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology.
Oxford Academic. Zhiguo Liu. Research Center of Chinese Jujube. Lihu Wang. College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering. Hongtai Li.
Weilin Gao. Mengjun Liu. Zhihui Zhao. Corresponding author zhaojinbd com , lyzhihuizhao Jin Zhao. Chaoling Xue and Zhiguo Liu contributed equally to the work.
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Abstract Reactive oxygen species ROS in plants increase dramatically under pathogen attack, and the antioxidant defense system is then triggered to protect the plant against the ROS. Figure 1. Open in new tab Download slide. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7.
Figure 8. Ascorbic acid-a potential oxidant scavenger and its role in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. Google Scholar Crossref. Search ADS. Lipids and proteins-major targets of oxidative modifications in abiotic stressed plants.
The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons. Apple proliferation resistance in apomictic rootstocks and its relationship to phytoplasma concentration and simple sequence repeat genotypes. Expression stabilities of candidate reference genes for RT-qPCR in Chinese jujube Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
The oxidative burst protects plants against pathogen attack: mechanism and role as an emergency signal for plant bio-defence—a review. Effect of ascorbate oxidase over-expression on ascorbate recycling gene expression in response to agents imposing oxidative stress.
The occurrence of rust disease, and biochemical and physiological responses on Apocynum venetum plants grown at four soil water contents, following inoculation with Melampsora apocyni.
HPLC determination of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in Chinese jujube. Google Scholar OpenURL Placeholder Text. A regulatory approach on low temperature induced enzymatic and anti oxidative status in leaf of Pui vegetable Basella alba. A unique virulence factor for proliferation and dwarfism in plants identified from a phytopathogenic bacterium.
Murine thioredoxin peroxidase delays neuronal apoptosis and is expressed in areas of the brain most susceptible to hypoxic and ischemic injury. High level of resistance of sweet cherry Prunus avium L.
Breeding apple proliferation-resistant rootstocks: durability of resistance and pomological evaluation. Regulation of some biochemical attributes in drought-stressed cauliflower Brassica oleracea L. Chilling stress-induced changes of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of cucumber: in gel enzyme activity assays.
Three main genes in the MAPK cascade involved in the Chinese jujube-phytoplasma interaction. Phytoplasma effector SAP54 induces indeterminate leaf-like flower development in Arabidopsis plants.
Recognition of floral homeotic MADS domain transcription factors by a phytoplasmal effector, phyllogen, induces phyllody. Functional characterization and gene expression profiling of superoxide dismutase from plant pathogenic phytoplasma.
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Inducers of plant systemic acquired resistance regulate NPR1 function through redox changes. Hydrogen peroxide localization and antioxidant status in the recovery of apricot plants from European stone fruit yellows.
DOI: The enzymatic and non-enzymatic reaction mechanisms of primary Antiodidant secondary Antioxidant defense system systems developed by cells Antioxidant defense system diminish the Antiozidant caused Insulin regulation device Antioxidant defense system of reactive sysetm species-ROS as a metabolic response to the damaging sgstem from endogenous and environmental factors are presented here. Enzymatic reaction mechanisms developed by plants as an antioxidant defense system are also presented. Keywords: AntioxidantsCatalaseCoenzyme Q-CoQCu-ZnSODGlutathioneHNEPlant antioxidant defenseSuperoxide dismutase-SODTrapping free radicalsUCPsVitamin CVitamin E. Antioxidant Defense Systems, Oxygen: High Enzymatic Reactivity of Reactive Oxygen Species 1: Enzymes Involved in Glycolysis, Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Biosynthesis: Active Site Mechanism and Inhibition. Oxygen: High Enzymatic Reactivity of Reactive Oxygen Species.Antioxidant defense system -
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Stanley Institute International Mood Disorders Research Center, University of the Basque Country. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM , RC, Hospital Santiago, Vitoria, Spain. Adolescent Unit, Department of Psychiatry.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM , Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM , Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM , Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM , University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
Unidad de Investigación en Psiquiatría, Hospital Santiago Apóstol Pabellón B, 8ª planta Olaguibel 29, Vitoria, Alava, , Spain. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Monica Martinez-Cengotitabengoa.
AG-P, JAM and MM-C designed the study, wrote the protocol and prepared the manuscript. CA, IB and SO-C managed the literature searches. All authors contributed in data collection. MG-B and CS contributed to the analysis and interpretation of data. JCL reviewed the manuscript. All authors have approved the final manuscript.
Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Reprints and permissions. Gonzalez-Pinto, A. et al. Antioxidant defense system and family environment in adolescents with family history of psychosis.
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Download PDF. Abstract Background Our objective was to determine antioxidant defence activity in healthy controls HC and healthy unaffected second-degree relatives of patients with early onset psychosis HC-FHP , and to assess its relationship with familiar environment measured using the Family Environment Scale FES.
Methods We included 82 HC and 14 HC-FHP aged between 9 and 17 years. Conclusions Although causal relationships cannot be assumed, we can state that family environment is not playing a role in inducing oxidative stress in these healthy subjects.
Background There is abundant evidence that free radicals play an important role in membrane pathology in the central nervous system CNS and, although they may not be the main contributory factor, free radicals may be involved in physiopathology of many diseases including schizophrenia [ 1 — 5 ].
Methods Subjects All subjects belonged to a healthy control group described previously [ 24 ]. Experimental procedures Blood samples obtained by venipuncture from study subjects were taken into heparinized tubes. Statistical analysis Statistical analyses were conducted with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v Results Sociodemographic characteristics Sociodemographic characteristics of the two groups of healthy subjects HC and HC-FHP are summarized in Table 1 together with the parental socioeconomic SES and occupational status.
Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of healthy controls HC and healthy controls with family history of psychosis HC - FHP Full size table. Table 2 Oxidative stress variables in healthy controls HC and healthy controls with family history of psychosis HC-FHP : mean and standard deviation Full size table.
Table 3 Social and family environment: mean and standard deviation of the scores in GAF and FES dimensions Full size table.
Discussion Our results show that the HC-FHP group had a lower total antioxidant status than the HC group without a family history of psychosis, but the significant difference in antioxidant status was not mediated by negative family environmental factors.
Limitations Our study has several limitations that need to be considered. Conclusions Although further studies are warranted, the results of our study in healthy subjects with and without a family history of psychosis suggest that family environment may be a possible mediator of protection against psychosis in vulnerable people i.
Abbreviations CNS: Central Nervous System SOD: Superoxide dismutase CAT: Catalase cGPx: Glutathione peroxidase HC: Healthy controls HC-FHP: Healthy controls with family history of psychosis TAS: Total antioxidant status LOOHs: Lipid hydroperoxides GSH: Glutathione.
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Defebse oxygen species Defnse Antioxidant defense system plants Antioxidant defense system dramatically Antioxidant defense system pathogen attack, and the antioxidant defense system is then triggered to protect the Abtioxidant against the ROS. Antioxldant results of fluorescence-based measurement revealed devense ROS were overproduced within jujube leaves after phytoplasma invasion. Furthermore, analysis based on mRNA and metabolite levels revealed that ascorbic acid AsA metabolism was strengthened under phytoplasma stress. Moreover, higher activities of enzymatic antioxidants and the upregulated expression of related genes were confirmed in diseased tissues. Both nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants in the host jujube were strongly stimulated to cope with ROS caused by phytoplasma stress.
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